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人體解剖學(xué)基本詞匯中英對(duì)照

2019-09-05 12:20 隨心筆記

  人體解剖學(xué)基本詞匯中英對(duì)照

  可按Ctrl+F查找

  systematic anatomy系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)

  regional anatomy(topographic anatomy·)局部解剖學(xué)

  anatomical position解剖學(xué)姿勢(shì)

  superior上

  inferior下

  anterior前

  posterior后

  medial內(nèi)側(cè)

  lateral外側(cè)

  superficial淺

  deep深

  internal 內(nèi)

  external外

  proximal近側(cè)

  distal遠(yuǎn)側(cè)

  vertical axis垂直軸

  sagittal axis矢狀軸

  coronal axis(frontal axis)冠狀軸(額狀軸)

  sagittal plane矢狀面

  coronal plane(frontal plane)冠狀面(額狀面)

  horizontal plane(transverse plane)水平面(橫切面)

  I.Locomotor System運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

  1.Bony System (Osteology)骨學(xué)

  long bone長(zhǎng)骨

  short bone短骨

  flat bone扁骨

  irregular bone不規(guī)則骨

  sesamoid bone籽骨

  compact bone(dense bone)骨密質(zhì)

  cancellous bone(spongy bone)骨松質(zhì)

  diploe板障

  periosteum骨膜

  bone marrow骨髓

  (1)Bones of Trunk軀干骨

  vertebrae椎骨

  cervical vertebrae頸椎

  thoracic vertebrae胸椎

  lumbar vertebrae腰椎

  sacrum骶骨

  coccyx尾骨

  atlas寰椎

  axis樞椎

  vertebra prominens隆椎

  sternum胸骨

  rib肋骨

  costal cartilage肋軟骨

  (2)Skull顱

  frontal bone額骨

  ethmoid bone篩骨

  sphenoid bone蝶骨

  parietal bone頂骨

  temporal bone顳骨

  occipital bone枕骨

  maxilla上頜骨

  zygomatic bone顴骨

  palatine bone腭骨

  nasal bone鼻骨

  lacrimal bone淚骨

  inferior nasal concha下鼻甲

  vomer犁骨

  mandible下頜骨

  hyoid bone舌骨

  (3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨

  clavicle鎖骨

  scapula肩胛骨

  humerus肱骨

  ulna尺骨

  radius橈骨

  scaphoid bone手舟骨

  lunate bone月骨

  triquetral bone三角骨

  pisiform bone豌豆骨

  trapezium bone大多角骨

  trapezoid bone小多角骨

  capitate bone頭狀骨

  hamate bone鉤骨

  metacarpal bones掌骨

  phalanges指骨

  (4)Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨

  hip bone髖骨

  ilium髂骨

  ischium坐骨

  pubis恥骨

  femur股骨

  patella髕骨

  tibia脛骨

  fibula腓骨

  talus距骨

  calcaneus跟骨

  navicular bone足舟骨

  medial cuneiform bone內(nèi)側(cè)楔骨

  intermediate cuneiform bone中間楔骨

  lateral cuneiform bone外側(cè)楔骨

  cuboid bone骰骨

  metartarsal bones跖骨

  phalanges of toes趾骨

  2.Arthrology關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)

  joint(articulation)關(guān)節(jié)

  ligament韌帶

  flexion屈

  extension伸

  adduction收

  abduction展

  pronation旋前

  supination旋后

  rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)

  circumduction環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)

  (1)Joints of Bones of Trunk軀干骨的連結(jié)

  vertebral column脊柱

  intervertebral disc椎間盤

  annulus fibrosus纖維環(huán)

  nucleus pulposus髓核

  anterior longitudinal ligament前縱韌帶

  posterior longitudinal ligament后縱韌帶

  cervical curve頸曲

  thoracic curve胸曲

  lumbar curve腰曲

  sacral curve骶曲

  thoracic cage胸廓

  costal arch肋弓

  (2)Synovial Joint of Skull顱的連結(jié)

  temporomandibular joint顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)

  (3)Joints of Upper Limb上肢骨連結(jié)

  shoulder joint肩關(guān)節(jié)

  elbow joint肘關(guān)節(jié)

  wrist joint(radiocarpal joint)腕關(guān)節(jié)(橈腕關(guān)節(jié))

  (4)Joints of Lower Limb下肢骨連結(jié)

  pelvis骨盆

  hip joint髖關(guān)節(jié)

  knee joint膝關(guān)節(jié)

  medial meniscus內(nèi)側(cè)半月板

  lateral meniscus外側(cè)半月板

  ankle joint(talocrural joint)踝關(guān)節(jié)(距小腿關(guān)節(jié))

  arch of foot足弓

  3.Myology(Muscular System)肌學(xué)

  muscle肌

  long muscle長(zhǎng)肌

  short muscle短肌

  flat muscle扁肌

  orbicular muscle輪匝肌

  superficial fascia(subcutaneous fascia)淺筋膜

  deep fascia(proper fascia)深筋膜

  (1)Muscles of Head頭肌

  1)Facial Muscles面肌

  Epicranius(occipitofrontalis)顱頂肌(枕額肌)

  galea aponeurotica帽狀腱膜

  orbicularis oculi眼輪匝肌

  orbicularis oris口輪匝肌

  2)Masticatory Muscles咀嚼肌

  masseter咬肌

  temporalis顳肌

  lateral pterygoid翼外肌

  medial pterygoid翼內(nèi)肌

  (2)Muscles of Neck頸肌

  platysma頸闊肌

  sternocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突肌

  scalenus anterior前斜角肌

  (3)Muscles of Trunk軀干肌

  1)Muscles of Back背肌

  trapezius斜方肌

  latissimus dorsi背闊肌

  erector spinae(sacrospinalis)豎脊肌(骶棘肌)

  2)Muscles of Thorax胸肌

  pectoralis major胸大肌

  serratus anterior前鋸肌

  intercostales externi肋間外肌

  intercostales interni肋間內(nèi)肌

  3)Diaphragm膈

  4)Muscles of Abdomen腹肌

  obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌

  obliquus internus abdominis腹內(nèi)斜肌

  transversus abdominis腹橫肌

  rectus abdominis腹直肌

  (4)Muscles of Upper Limb上肢肌

  1)Muscles of Shoulder肩肌

  deltoid三角肌

  2)Muscles of Arm臂肌

  biceps brachii肱二頭肌

  brachialis肱肌

  triceps brachii肱三頭肌

  3)Muscles of Forearm前臂肌

  flexor pollicis longus拇長(zhǎng)屈肌

  flexor digitorum superficialis指淺屈肌

  flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌

  extensor pollicis longus拇長(zhǎng)伸肌

  extensor digitorum指伸肌

  4)Muscles of Hand手肌

  (5)Muscles of Lower Limb下肢肌

  1)Muscles of Hip髖肌

  psoas major腰大肌

  iliacus髂肌

  gluteus maximus臀大肌

  piriformis梨狀肌

  2)Muscles of Thigh大腿肌

  sartorius縫匠肌

  quadriceps femoris股四頭肌

  adductor longus長(zhǎng)收肌

  adductor magnus大收肌

  biceps femoris股二頭肌

  semitendinosus半腱肌

  semimembranosus半膜肌

  3)Muscles of Leg小腿肌

  tibialis anterior脛骨前肌

  extensor digitorum longus趾長(zhǎng)伸肌

  extensor hallucis longus拇長(zhǎng)伸肌

  triceps surae小腿三頭肌

  flexor digitorum longus趾長(zhǎng)屈肌

  tibialis posterior脛骨后肌

  flexor hallucis longus拇長(zhǎng)屈肌

  4)Muscles of Foot足肌

  II.Splanchnology內(nèi)臟學(xué)

  viscera內(nèi)臟

  1.Alimentary System消化系統(tǒng)

  alimentary canal消化管

  alimentary gland消化腺

  (1)Oral Cavity口腔

  oral lips口唇

  philtrum人中

  cheek頰

  hard palate硬腭

  soft palate軟腭

  uvula腭垂

  palatine velum腭帆

  palatoglossal arch腭舌弓

  palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓

  isthmus of fauces咽峽

  deciduous teeth乳牙

  permanent teeth恒牙

  incisor切牙

  canine尖牙

  premolar前磨牙

  molar磨牙

  dentine牙質(zhì)

  enamel釉質(zhì)

  cement牙骨質(zhì)

  dental pulp牙髓

  tongue舌

  parotid gland腮腺

  submandibular gland下頜下腺

  sublingual gland舌下腺

  (2)Pharynx咽

  nasopharynx鼻咽

  oropharynx口咽

  laryngopharynx喉咽

  palatine tonsil腭扁桃體

  (3)Esophagus食管

  (4)Stomach胃

  (5)Small Intestine小腸

  duodenum十二指腸

  jejunum空腸

  ileum回腸

  (6)Large Intestine大腸

  caecum盲腸

  vermiform appendix闌尾

  ascending colon升結(jié)腸

  transverse colon橫結(jié)腸

  descending colon降結(jié)腸

  sigmoid colon乙狀結(jié)腸

  rectum直腸

  anal canal肛管

  anal column肛柱

  anal valve肛瓣

  anal sinus肛竇

  dental line齒狀線

  anal pecten肛梳

  white line白線

  anus肛門

  sphincter ani internus肛門內(nèi)括約肌

  sphincter ani externus肛門外括約肌

  (7)Liver肝

  porta hepatis肝門

  hepatic pedicle肝蒂

  gallbladder膽囊

  (8)Pancreas胰

  2.Respiratory System呼吸系統(tǒng)

  respiratory tract呼吸道

  respiratory organ呼吸器官

  (1)Nose鼻

  (2)Paranasal Sinus鼻旁竇

  frontal sinus額竇

  maxillary sinus上頜竇

  ethmoidal sinus篩竇

  sphenoid sinus蝶竇

  (3)Larynx喉

  thyroid cartilage甲狀軟骨

  cricoid cartilage環(huán)狀軟骨

  arytenoid cartilage杓狀軟骨

  epiglottic cartilage會(huì)厭軟骨

  vocal fold聲帶

  cricothyroid環(huán)甲肌

  (4)Trachea and Bronchi氣管和支氣管

  right principal bronchus右主支氣管

  left principal bronchus左主支氣管

  (5)Lung肺

  apex of lung肺尖

  base of lung肺底

  hilum of lung肺門

  root of lung肺根

  (6)Pleura胸膜

  parietal pleura壁胸膜

  viceral pleura臟胸膜

  pleural cavity胸膜腔

  costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隱窩

  3.Urinary System泌尿系統(tǒng)

  kidney腎

  renal hilum腎門

  renal pedicle腎蒂

  renal sinus腎竇

  renal region腎區(qū)

  minor renal calices腎小盞

  major renal calices腎大盞

  renal pelvis腎盂

  ureter輸尿管

  urinary bladder膀胱

  urethra尿道

  4.Male Genital System男性生殖系統(tǒng)

  testis睪丸

  epididymis附睪

  ductus deferens輸精管

  spermatic cord精索

  ejaculatory duct射精管

  seminal vesicle精囊

  prostate前列腺

  bulbourethral gland尿道球腺

  penis陰莖

  scrotum陰囊

  5.Female Genital System女性生殖系統(tǒng)

  ovary卵巢

  uterine tube輸卵管

  uterus子宮

  vagina陰道

  vaginal orifice陰道口

  hymen處女膜

  greater vestibular gland前庭大腺

  vulva女陰

  greater lip of pudendum大陰唇

  lesser lip of pudendum小陰唇

  clitoris陰

  mamma乳房

  mammary papilla(nipple)乳頭

  6.Peritonium腹膜

  peritoneal cavity腹膜腔

  lesser omentum小網(wǎng)膜

  greater omentum大網(wǎng)膜

  mesentery腸系膜

  rectovesical pouch直腸膀胱陷凹

  vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宮陷凹

  rectouterine pouch(Douglas’pouch)直腸子宮陷凹(道格拉斯陷窩)

  III.Vascular System脈管系統(tǒng)

  1.Cardiovascular System心血管系統(tǒng)

  pulmonary circulation(lesser circulation)肺循環(huán)(小循環(huán))

  systemic circulation(greater circulation)體循環(huán)(大循環(huán))

  (1)Heart心

  right atrium右心房

  right ventricle右心室

  left atrium左心房

  left ventricle左心室

  tricuspid valve三尖瓣

  bicuspid valve二尖瓣

  aortic valve主動(dòng)脈瓣

  pulmonary valve肺動(dòng)脈瓣

  sinoatrial node竇房結(jié)

  internodal tract結(jié)間束

  atrioventricular node房室結(jié)

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