合同翻譯的劃分與種類有哪幾種
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專業(yè)翻譯公司就來(lái)給大家介紹到底合同翻譯的類型有哪幾種呢?
一、商務(wù)合同翻譯
合同是雙方合作的一個(gè)重要憑證,尤其是上市公司,合同更為重要。所以,簽訂合同的時(shí)候,一旦存在內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤,如:翻譯數(shù)據(jù)存在失誤或者是表達(dá)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)不夠準(zhǔn)確等,會(huì)造成很大的損失且無(wú)可誤會(huì)。因而,在正式的合同翻譯工作中,一定要針對(duì)不同文獻(xiàn)所屬領(lǐng)域,對(duì)其架構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,只有對(duì)基本架構(gòu)足夠了解了,再進(jìn)行下面的翻譯工作。
二、契約合同翻譯
在合同翻譯中,契約翻譯還是非常常見(jiàn)的。主要體現(xiàn)出一種雇傭關(guān)系,如工廠、企業(yè)之間。對(duì)于契約翻譯,要重視的地方在于合作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在內(nèi)容上的體現(xiàn),而對(duì)排版反而不會(huì)很重視。所以,這類合同翻譯時(shí),對(duì)內(nèi)容的翻譯時(shí)必須要重視起來(lái)的。
三、工程承包合同翻譯
當(dāng)然,這類合同翻譯其實(shí)和商務(wù)合同還是很類似的,只不過(guò)有不同的合同形式。而且工程合同和商務(wù)合同之間最大的不同之處在于工程承包合同中揮涉及到非常多的數(shù)據(jù)。因而,譯員要特別注意在金額和時(shí)間等數(shù)據(jù)上的翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性,還要忽略掉繁瑣的形式,做到簡(jiǎn)潔很重要。
合同可有下列不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分:
oral/parole contract and written contract (口頭合同與書面合同)
consensual contract and real contract (諾成合同與實(shí)踐合同)
formal contract and informal contract (要式合同與不要式合)
unilateral contract and bilateral contract (單務(wù)合同與雙務(wù)合同)
principal contract and accessory contract (主合同與從合同)
causative contract and non-causative contract (要因合同與不要因合同)
commutative contract and independent contract (可替換合同與獨(dú)立合同)
express contract and implied contract (明示合同與隱含合同)
divisible contract and indivisible contract (可分合同與不可分合同)
entire contract and severable contract (不可分合同與可分合同)
executed contract and executory contract (已履行的合同與待履行的合同)
gratuitous contract and onerous contract (無(wú)償合同與有償合同)
certain contract and hazardous contract (確定合同與射幸合同)
simple contract and contract under seal (蓋印合同與非蓋印合同)
joint and several contract (連帶合同)
conditional contract (附條件合同)
constructive contract (推定合同)
investment contract (投資合同)
open end contract (無(wú)限制合同)
quasi contract (準(zhǔn)合同)
altruistic contract (利他合同)
cost-plus contract (用于政府采購(gòu)的照本加成合同)
gentleman's agreement: Generally an unsigned and unenforceable agreement made between parties who expect its performance because of good faith.君子協(xié)定(即當(dāng)事人未被簽字也不會(huì)強(qiáng)制實(shí)施的,僅僅寄希望于雙方誠(chéng)意履行的協(xié)議)
1999年中國(guó)《合同法》第九章到第二十三章就合同種類做了概括,它們分別是:
Sales contracts (買賣合同)
Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas or Heat (供用電、水、氣、熱力合同)
Gift contracts (贈(zèng)與合同)
Contracts for loan of money (借款合同)
Leasing contracts (租憑合同)
Financial leasing contracts (融資租憑合同)
Work-for-hire contracts (承攬合同)
Contacts for construction projects (建筑工程合同)
Carriage contracts (運(yùn)輸合同)
Technology contracts (技術(shù)合同)
Safe-keeping contracts (保管合同)
Warehousing contracts (倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)合同)
Agency appointment contracts (委托代理合同)
Trading trust contracts (委托合同)
Brokerage contracts ( 行紀(jì)合同和居間合同)
勞動(dòng)人事方面包括:
labor contract (勞動(dòng)合同)
confidentiality agreement (保密協(xié)議)
non-complete agreement (競(jìng)爭(zhēng)禁止協(xié)議)
human agency agreement (人事代理協(xié)議)
contract of sale of commodity houses (商品房買賣合同)
tenancy agreement (租憑協(xié)議)
contract for assignment, lease and transfer of the right to the use of land
土地使用權(quán)出讓、出租、轉(zhuǎn)讓合同)
mortgage agreement (抵押合同)
loan contract (貸款合同)
property management contract (物業(yè)管理合同)
contract for construction engineering and installation of project (建議工程承包、安裝合同)
服務(wù)方面有:
Technical service agreement 技術(shù)服務(wù)合同
technical consulting agreement 技術(shù)咨詢合同
technical development agreement 技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)合同
technical transfer agreement 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同
licensing agreement 許可合同
Agency agreement (代理協(xié)議)
Insurance contract (保險(xiǎn)合同)
Financing agreement (融資協(xié)議)
Venture capital management agreement (風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資管理協(xié)議)
Employment contract for legal consultant (法律顧問(wèn)協(xié)議)
公司方面包括有:
joint venture contract (合資企業(yè)合同)
articles of association, corporate bylaw (章程)
partnership agreement (合伙協(xié)議)
agreement on assignment of equity interests (股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議)
composition agreement (和解協(xié)議)
物流(Logistics)方面包括有:
sales contract (買賣合同)
purchase contract (采購(gòu)合同)
carriage/transportation contract (運(yùn)輸合同)
import and export contract (進(jìn)出口合同)
warehousing and safekeeping contract (倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)保管合同)
contract for compensation trade (補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易合同)
人身(personal right)方面包括有:
legacy-support agreement (遺贈(zèng)撫養(yǎng)協(xié)議)
divorce agreement (離婚協(xié)議)。
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