法律翻譯是翻譯中的高端服務(wù)，它主要服務(wù)律師，外資企業(yè)，進(jìn)出口公司等社會上層群體，質(zhì)量要求和技術(shù)難度都相當(dāng)高。作為法律語言學(xué)主要研究內(nèi)容之一，包括口譯和筆譯，在國內(nèi)、國際社會生活中將起日益重要的作用。法律翻譯工作除了對譯員及相關(guān)的條件提出較高的要求外，還受制于法律語言本身的特點。因此，翻譯時往往會出現(xiàn)許多問題。下面，譯聲翻譯公司為各位羅列出常見的七大問題！

一、拼寫或識詞錯誤

 defendant (被告)

respondent (答辯人，<上訴、離婚等案件的>被告)

dependent (附屬的，受撫/贍養(yǎng)的；受撫/贍養(yǎng)人)

例句：對當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標(biāo)的，第三人認(rèn)為有獨立請求權(quán)的，有權(quán)提起訴訟。

譯文：A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent claim with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to initiate an action.

causal (原因的，有關(guān)因果的)

casual(偶然的，臨時的，隨便的)

例句：在被告過失與原告所受傷害之間，肯定有一個因果關(guān)系。

譯文：There must be a causal connection between the defendant’s negligence and the plaintiff’s injury.

a casual meeting，巧遇；

a casual visitor, 不速之客；

casual expenses，臨時費用；

a casual remark，隨口的插話

council (n. 理事會，聯(lián)席會，商談會)

counsel (n. 協(xié)商，忠告；法律顧問，律師v. 勸告，協(xié)商)

例句：被告人有權(quán)獲得律師幫助為其辯護(hù)。

譯文：The accused enjoys the right to the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

the State Council （中國的）國務(wù)院

effect (vt. 實現(xiàn)，使生效；招致)

affect (vt. 影響，感動，侵襲，假裝)

例句：履行地點不明確，給付貨幣的，在接受給付一方的所在地履行，其他標(biāo)的在履行義務(wù)一方的所在地履行。

譯文：If the place of performance is unclear, and the payment is money, the performance shall be effected at the place of residence of the party receiving the payment; if the payment is other than money, the performance shall be effected at the place of residence of the party fulfilling the obligation.

二、語法錯誤

當(dāng)?shù)鼐阶C實，2012年6月4日，涉嫌在加拿大蒙特利爾殺害并肢解一名中國留學(xué)生的一名29歲加拿大色情男演員在柏林被捕。

On June 4, 2012, a 29-year-old Canadian porn actor suspected with killing and dismembering (肢解) a Chinese student in Montreal, Canada, was arrested in Berlin, local police authorities confirmed. 

修改要點：with→of

suspect sb. of doing sth.懷疑某人做人事。

任何國家機(jī)關(guān)、社會團(tuán)體和個人不得強(qiáng)制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民。

No state organ, public organization and individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.  

修改要點：

and→ or; 

discriminate → discriminate against  

 discriminate v. 區(qū)分;

~ between A and B, ~ from A and B 差別對待; 

~ against 歧視; 

~ in favor of 優(yōu)待

 明知自己的行為會發(fā)生危害社會的結(jié)果，并且希望或者放任這種結(jié)果發(fā)生，因而構(gòu)成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。

An intentional crime refers to an act committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will cause social dangerous consequences but who hopes or allows such consequences to occur, thus constituting a crime. 

修改要點：

social→ socially; 

hopes→ wishes

三、術(shù)語錯誤

 對當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標(biāo)的，第三人認(rèn)為有獨立請求權(quán)的，有權(quán)提起訴訟。

A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to bring a prosecution.

修改要點：

request → claim; 

bring a prosecution (刑事訴訟；控訴方，公訴方)→ initiate an action。

人民法院有權(quán)要求當(dāng)事人提供或補(bǔ)充證據(jù)。

The People’s Court shall have the right to request the parties to provide or supplement evidence.

修改要點：

1、shall have→ has；

2、right→ authority (authority, 憑職位而享有的、可對他人行使的權(quán)力；right，個人的權(quán)利；power, 個人享有的、法律賦予的某種權(quán)力); 

3、request →require。

四、理解錯誤

 In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality: (e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him.

原譯文：在判定對他提出的任何刑事指控時，人人完全平等地有資格享受以下的最低限度的保證： （戊）訊問或業(yè)已訊問對他不利的證人，并使對他有利的證人在與對他不利的證人相同的條件下出庭和受訊問。

修改為：

判定對他→判定對任何人； 

（戊）訊問或業(yè)已訊問受訊問→由本人或讓其他人詢問對其不利的證人，并使對其有利的證人與對其不利的證人在相同條件下出庭和接受詢問。

中華人民共和國的國家機(jī)構(gòu)實行民主集中制的原則。國家行政機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)都由人民代表大會產(chǎn)生，對它負(fù)責(zé)，受它監(jiān)督。中央和地方的國家機(jī)構(gòu)職權(quán)的劃分，遵循在中央的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，充分發(fā)揮地方的主動性、積極性的原則。

原譯文：The state organs of the People’s Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism. All administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people’s congresses to which they are responsible and under whose supervision they operate. The division of functions and powers between the central and local state organs is guided by the principle of giving full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of the local authorities under the unified leadership of the central authorities.

修改提示：此處的機(jī)構(gòu)是個整體概念，而機(jī)關(guān)是它的具體組成部分，二者不能等同；division 可表示分配，分割、分裂，而distribution表示分配、配置，后者更準(zhǔn)確。

修改要點：

The state organs of the People’s Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism. →In the state machine of the People’s Republic of China, the principle of democratic centralism is applied.

The division of functions and powers between the central and local state organs is guided by→The distribution of functions and powers in the state machine between the central and local state organs is guided by

國務(wù)院設(shè)立審計機(jī)關(guān)，對國務(wù)院各部門和地方各級政府的財政收支，對國家的財政金融機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)事業(yè)組織的財務(wù)收支，進(jìn)行審計監(jiān)督。

原譯文：The State Council establishes an auditing body to supervise through auditing the revenue and expenditure of all departments under the State Council and of the local governments at different levels, and those of the state financial and monetary organizations and of enterprises and undertakings.

修改提示：審計監(jiān)督應(yīng)當(dāng)理解為一個獨立概念，而非通過審計這種途徑所進(jìn)行的監(jiān)督。

修改要點：to supervise through auditing→ to exercise auditorial control over

說明： enterprises and undertakings (enterprise，事業(yè)，企業(yè)；進(jìn)取心 <a man of enterprise>；undertaking, 事業(yè)，企業(yè)；承擔(dān)，許諾)→ non-profit and profit-seeking enterprises。

五、表述錯誤 (語言不地道，用詞不當(dāng)?shù)?

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. (set forth, 闡明，提出)

原譯文：人人有權(quán)要求一種社會的和國際的秩序, 在這種秩序中, 本宣言所載的權(quán)利和自由能獲得充分實現(xiàn)。

修改為：人人有權(quán)要求一種能充分實現(xiàn)本宣言所載權(quán)利和自由的社會的國際秩序。

一審法院認(rèn)定2005年5月14日上訴人與被上訴人簽訂的房屋租賃合同為無效合同，于法無據(jù)。

原譯文：The first-instance court ascertained that the house lease contract signed by the Appellant and the Respondent on May 14, 2005 was invalid. This ruling is not law-based.

修改要點：

the house lease contract →the residential lease contract;

signed by the Appellant and the Respondent →signed between the Appellant and the Respondent;

This ruling is not law-based. →This ruling has no basis in law.

在此期間未能提出申請的，可以給予六個月的寬限期。

原譯文：Where no such application could be filed within that period, an extension period of six months may be granted.

修改提示：no could意思是(當(dāng)時)沒有能夠，并非未能。 extension period 用詞不當(dāng)。到期之后的寬限期（期滿后允許遲延履行的額外期間，無需履行遲延責(zé)任），英文表述為grace period (grace本意是恩惠，優(yōu)惠), 這與extension period (延長的期限，未必排除延期責(zé)任) 并不等同。

修改為：→The registrant who fails to make such an application within that period may be granted a grace period of six months.

六、過于繁瑣( redundant)

 人民依照法律規(guī)定，通過各種途徑和形式，管理國家事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)，管理社會事務(wù)。

原譯文：The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law.

修改提示：漢語擅用排比，英文無此習(xí)慣。此處可以將各種事務(wù)連起來，一氣呵成。

修改為：The people administer state, economic, cultural and social affairs through

民事訴訟當(dāng)事人不服地方人民法院第一審判決的，有權(quán)在判決書送達(dá)之日起十五日內(nèi)向上一級人民法院提起上訴。

原譯文：If a litigant in civil proceedings disagrees to a judgment of first instance rendered by a local people’s court, he or she has the right to appeal to the people’s court at the next higher level within 15 days upon the service of the court verdict.

修改提示：可用后置定語，使行文簡潔。

修改為：

A litigant in civil proceedings dissatisfied with a judgment of first instance rendered by a local people’s court may appeal to (render，作出；給予，提供)；

the court verdict (verdict指陪審團(tuán)裁決)→ the judgment。

合資企業(yè)應(yīng)向中國銀行或中國銀行批準(zhǔn)的銀行開立賬戶。

原譯文：A joint venture shall open an account with the Bank of China or a bank approved by the Bank of China.

修改提示：可用thereby使行文簡潔。

修改為：A joint venture shall open an account with the Bank of China or a bank approved thereby.

七、濫用標(biāo)點

企業(yè)和政府有關(guān)部門的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，因工作過失給企業(yè)和國家造成較大損失的，由政府主管部門或有關(guān)上級機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分。

原譯文：Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned, who have caused the enterprises and the state big losses due to work faults, shall be disciplined by the competent government agency or its superior agency.

修改提示：cause sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)不當(dāng)；定語從句的逗號使用不當(dāng)。

修改為：Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned who have caused big losses to the profit-seeking enterprises and the state owing to their negligence in work shall be disciplined by the competent government agency or its superior agency.

修改說明：

(1) cause sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)改為cause sth. to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。

(2) 去掉定語從句的逗號，因為：限制性定語從句起明確的限定作用，在句中不可缺少，否則會影響句子的含義。非限制性定語從句通常起補(bǔ)充說明作用，刪除后一般也不影響句子的主要思想；有時相當(dāng)于一個分句；修飾具有唯一性的名詞時，要用非限制性定語從句。

例如：

When he was 18, he went to a technical school in London, which was the largest city he had ever seen. (逗號不能刪除)

Then he met Mary, who (and she) invited him to a party. (逗號不能刪除)

譯聲翻譯公司一家專業(yè)的法律翻譯公司，在此領(lǐng)域有著豐富的翻譯經(jīng)驗。我們擁有專業(yè)的翻譯團(tuán)隊，所有的翻譯專員不僅有著優(yōu)秀的翻譯水平，并熟練相關(guān)行業(yè)知識，已經(jīng)成功完成了各種各樣的證件翻譯項目，涉及不同產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域和不同部門。更多法律翻譯的干貨及翻譯報價，敬請致電譯聲熱線：400-600-6870。