SEVERAL PROVISIONS OF THE SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT

　　ON EVIDENCE IN CIVIL PROCEDURES

　　(No. 33 of [2001]) (法釋〔2001〕33號(hào))

　　The present Provisions have been formulated on the basis of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’ Republic of China and other relevant laws by combining the civil trial experience with the actual practice for the purpose of ensuring the people’s courts’ finding of facts, impartial and timely trial of civil cases, and safeguarding and facilitating the parties concerned to exercise their litigation rights according to law.

　　為保證人民法院正確認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)，公正、及時(shí)審理民事案件，保障和便利當(dāng)事人依法行使訴訟權(quán)利，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)民事訴訟法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《民事訴訟法》)等有關(guān)法律的規(guī)定，結(jié)合民事審判經(jīng)驗(yàn)和實(shí)際情況，制定本規(guī)定。

　　I. Producing Evidences by the Parties Concerned 一、當(dāng)事人舉證

　　Article 1 The plaintiff that files a lawsuit or the defendant that files a counterclaim at the people’s court shall produce eligible evidential materials.

　　第一條　原告向人民法院起訴或者被告提出反訴，應(yīng)當(dāng)附有符合起訴條件的相應(yīng)的證據(jù)材料。

　　Article 2 The parties concerned shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove the facts on which their own allegations are based or the facts on which the allegations of the other party are refuted.

　　Where any party cannot produce evidence or the evidences produced cannot support the facts on which the allegations are based, the party concerned that bears the burden of proof shall undertake unfavorable consequences.

　　第二條　當(dāng)事人對(duì)自己提出的訴訟請(qǐng)求所依據(jù)的事實(shí)或者反駁對(duì)方訴訟請(qǐng)求所依據(jù)的事實(shí)有責(zé)任提供證據(jù)加以證明。

　　沒有證據(jù)或者證據(jù)不足以證明當(dāng)事人的事實(shí)主張的，由負(fù)有舉證責(zé)任的當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)不利后果。

　　Article 3 The people’s court shall inform the parties concerned of the requirements for producing evidences and the of the corresponding legal liabilities so that the parties concerned may produce evidence actively, completely, correctly and honestly within the reasonable time period.

　　Any party who cannot independently collect evidences due to objective reasons may request the people’s court to collect after investigations.

　　第三條　人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)向當(dāng)事人說明舉證的要求及法律后果，促使當(dāng)事人在合理期限內(nèi)積極、全面、正確、誠(chéng)實(shí)地完成舉證。

　　當(dāng)事人因客觀原因不能自行收集的證據(jù)，可申請(qǐng)人民法院調(diào)查收集。

　　Article 4 The burden of proof in the tort actions shall be assumed according to the following rules:

　　第四條　下列侵權(quán)訴訟，按照以下規(guī)定承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任：

　　1. In a patent infringement action resulting from the innovation-creation of ways of producing new products, the entity or individual that produces the same product shall prove that the ways used are different from those of the patent holder;

　　(一)因新產(chǎn)品制造方法發(fā)明專利引起的專利侵權(quán)訴訟，由制造同樣產(chǎn)品的單位或者個(gè)人對(duì)其產(chǎn)品制造方法不同于專利方法承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　2. In an infringement action resulting from personal damage caused by highly dangerous operations, the infringing person shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that argument that the victim caused the injury;

　　(二)高度危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)致人損害的侵權(quán)訴訟，由加害人就受害人故意造成損害的事實(shí)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　3. In a compensation lawsuit for damages caused by environmental pollution, the infringing party shall be responsible for producing evidence to prove the existence of exemptions of liabilities as provided in laws or that there is no causal relationship between the his act and the harmful consequences;

　　(三)因環(huán)境污染引起的損害賠償訴訟，由加害人就法律規(guī)定的免責(zé)事由及其行為與損害結(jié)果之間不存在因果關(guān)系承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　4. In an infringement action of damages caused by the collapse, breaking off or falling of a building or other facilities and the thing that is laid or hung on the building, the owner of administrator of the building shall be responsible for producing evidences;

　　(四)建筑物或者其他設(shè)施以及建筑物上的擱置物、懸掛物發(fā)生倒塌、脫落、墜落致人損害的侵權(quán)訴訟，由所有人或者管理人對(duì)其無過錯(cuò)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　5. In an infringement action of damages caused by an animal, the person who raises or manages the animal shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that the victim is at fault or any third party is at fault;

　　(五)飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物致人損害的侵權(quán)訴訟，由動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)人或者管理人就受害人有過錯(cuò)或者第三人有過錯(cuò)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　6. In an infringement action of damages caused by a defective product, the producer of the product shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that there exist the exemptions of liabilities as provided in laws;

　　(六)因缺陷產(chǎn)品致人損害的侵權(quán)訴訟，由產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者就法律規(guī)定的免責(zé)事由承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　7. In an infringement action of damages caused by common danger, the persons who commit the common danger shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that there is no causal relationship between the act thereof and the harmful consequences;

　　(七)因共同危險(xiǎn)行為致人損害的侵權(quán)訴訟，由實(shí)施危險(xiǎn)行為的人就其行為與損害結(jié)果之間不存在因果關(guān)系承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;

　　8. In an infringement action of damages caused by medical acts, the medical institution shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that there is no causal relationship between the medical act and the harmful consequences or it is not at fault.

　　Where there are special provisions in relevant laws concerning the producing of evidences, such provisions shall prevail.

　　(八)因醫(yī)療行為引起的侵權(quán)訴訟，由醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)就醫(yī)療行為與損害結(jié)果之間不存在因果關(guān)系及不存在醫(yī)療過錯(cuò)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任。

　　有關(guān)法律對(duì)侵權(quán)訴訟的舉證責(zé)任有特殊規(guī)定的，從其規(guī)定。

　　Article 5 In a contractual dispute, the party that claims the establishment of contractual relationship and the contract has taken effect shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove that the contract has been concluded and that it has taken effect; the party that claims that the contract has been altered, dissolved, terminated or canceled shall be responsible for producing evidences to prove the changes of the contract.

　　In a dispute over whether a contract is performed, the party under the obligation of performing the contract shall be responsible for producing evidences;

　　In a dispute over the power of agency, the party that claims the existence of such power shall be responsible for producing evidences.

　　第五條　在合同糾紛案件中，主張合同關(guān)系成立并生效的一方當(dāng)事人對(duì)合同訂立和生效的事實(shí)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任;主張合同關(guān)系變更、解除、終止、撤銷的一方當(dāng)事人對(duì)引起合同關(guān)系變動(dòng)的事實(shí)承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任。

　　對(duì)合同是否履行發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的，由負(fù)有履行義務(wù)的當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任。

　　對(duì)代理權(quán)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的，由主張有代理權(quán)一方當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任。

　　Article 6 In a dispute of labor, if the dispute is caused by the employing entity’s decision of kickout, removal from the name roll, dismissal, dissolution of contract, reducing remuneration, calculation of working years of the laborer, the employing entity shall be responsible for producing evidences.

　　第六條　在勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議糾紛案件中，因用人單位作出開除、除名、辭退、解除勞動(dòng)合同、減少勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬、計(jì)算勞動(dòng)者工作年限等決定而發(fā)生勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議的，由用人單位負(fù)舉證責(zé)任。

　　Article 7 Where there are no explicit statutory provisions and it is not possible to define who shall be responsible for producing evidences according to the present Provisions or other judicial interpretations, the people’s court may determine the burden of proof according to the principle of fairness and the principle of honesty and credit and taking such elements as the ability to produce evidences into consideration.

　　第七條　在法律沒有具體規(guī)定，依本規(guī)定及其他司法解釋無法確定舉證責(zé)任承擔(dān)時(shí)，人民法院可以根據(jù)公平原則和誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則，綜合當(dāng)事人舉證能力等因素確定舉證責(zé)任的承擔(dān)。

　　Article 8 In the process of litigation, if a party explicitly acknowledges the facts alleged by the other party, the other party needs not to produce evidences with, however, the exception of cases that involves personal identification.

　　If the other party neither acknowledges nor denies the facts alleged by a party and still fails to explicitly expresses confirmation or denial after the judge has made adequate accounts and inquiries, it shall be deemed as confirming the said facts.

　　If any of the parties concerned entrusts agents to participate in the litigation, the affirmation of the agent shall be that of the parties concerned, however, with the exception of the affirmation of facts made by the agent without special authorization that leads to the affirmation of the litigation allegations of the other party. If the party concerned is present but fails to deny the affirmation made by the agent thereof, the affirmation shall be deemed as the affirmation of the party concerned.

　　If any of the parties concerned withdraws its affirmation and obtains the approval of the other party prior to the end of court debate, or has adequate evidences to prove that its affirmation has been made due to threat or gross misunderstanding or the affirmation is not consistent with the facts, the party concerned shall not be exempted from the burden of proof.

　　第八條　訴訟過程中，一方當(dāng)事人對(duì)另一方當(dāng)事人陳述的案件事實(shí)明確表示承認(rèn)的，另一方當(dāng)事人無需舉證。但涉及身分關(guān)系的案件除外。

　　對(duì)一方當(dāng)事人陳述的事實(shí)，另一方當(dāng)事人既未表示承認(rèn)也未否認(rèn)，經(jīng)審判人員充分說明并詢問后，其仍不明確表示肯定或者否定的，視為對(duì)該項(xiàng)事實(shí)的承認(rèn)。

　　當(dāng)事人委托代理人參加訴訟的，代理人的承認(rèn)視為當(dāng)事人的承認(rèn)。但未經(jīng)特別授權(quán)的代理人對(duì)事實(shí)的承認(rèn)直接導(dǎo)致承認(rèn)對(duì)方訴訟請(qǐng)求的除外;當(dāng)事人在場(chǎng)但對(duì)其代理人的承認(rèn)不作否認(rèn)表示的，視為當(dāng)事人的承認(rèn)。

　　當(dāng)事人在法庭辯論終結(jié)前撤回承認(rèn)并經(jīng)對(duì)方當(dāng)事人同意，或者有充分證據(jù)證明其承認(rèn)行為是在受脅迫或者重大誤解情況下作出且與事實(shí)不符的，不能免除對(duì)方當(dāng)事人的舉證責(zé)任。

　　(相關(guān)資料: 地方法規(guī)2篇 案例1篇 裁判文書329篇 相關(guān)論文24篇 實(shí)務(wù)指南)

　　Article 9 The facts as mentioned below need not be proved by the parties concerned by presenting evidences:

　　1. The facts that are know by all people;

　　2. Natural laws and theorems;

　　3. The fact that can be induced according to legal provisions or known facts or the rule of experience of daily life;

　　4. The facts affirmed in the judgment of the people’s court that has taken effect;

　　5. The facts affirmed in the award of the arbitration organ that has taken effect;

　　6. The facts that have been proved in the valid notary documents.

　　The facts as mentioned in items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the preceding paragraph shall be excluded if they can be overthrown by contrary evidences of the parties concerned.

　　第九條　下列事實(shí)，當(dāng)事人無需舉證證明：

　　(一)眾所周知的事實(shí);

　　(二)自然規(guī)律及定理;

　　(三)根據(jù)法律規(guī)定或者已知事實(shí)和日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則，能推定出的另一事實(shí);

　　(四)已為人民法院發(fā)生法律效力的裁判所確認(rèn)的事實(shí);

　　(五)已為仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)的生效裁決所確認(rèn)的事實(shí);

　　(六)已為有效公證文書所證明的事實(shí)。

　　前款(一)、(三)、(四)、(五)、(六)項(xiàng)，當(dāng)事人有相反證據(jù)足以推翻的除外。

　　Article 10 When producing evidences to the people’s court, the parties concerned shall submit the original document or original thing. If the party concerned need to preserve the original document or original thing of the evidence or if it is difficult to submit the original document or original thing, a photocopy or reproduction that has been deemed as the original by the people’s court after verification may be submitted.

　　第十條　當(dāng)事人向人民法院提供證據(jù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)提供原件或者原物。如需自己保存證據(jù)原件、原物或者提供原件、原物確有困難的，可以提供經(jīng)人民法院核對(duì)無異的復(fù)制件或者復(fù)制品。

　　Article 11 If the evidence submitted by the parties concerned is formed beyond the territory of the People’s Republic of China, the evidence shall be subject to the certification of the notarization organ of the country concerned and shall be authenticated by the embassy of the People’s Republic of China stationed in the said country, or shall be subject to the certification formalities as provided in the relevant treaties concluded between the People’s Republic of China and the said country.

　　If the evidence submitted by the parties concerned is formed in Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan, relevant formalities shall also be gone through.

　　第十一條　當(dāng)事人向人民法院提供的證據(jù)系在中華人民共和國(guó)領(lǐng)域外形成的，該證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)所在國(guó)公證機(jī)關(guān)予以證明，并經(jīng)中華人民共和國(guó)駐該國(guó)使領(lǐng)館予以認(rèn)證，或者履行中華人民共和國(guó)與該所在國(guó)訂立的有關(guān)條約中規(guī)定的證明手續(xù)。

　　當(dāng)事人向人民法院提供的證據(jù)是在香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)形成的，應(yīng)當(dāng)履行相關(guān)的證明手續(xù)。

　　Article 12 The foreign-language written documents or foreign-language specification materials submitted by the parties concerned shall be accompanied by the Chinese translation thereof.

　　第十二條　當(dāng)事人向人民法院提供外文書證或者外文說明資料，應(yīng)當(dāng)附有中文譯本。

　　Article 13 The facts to which both parties consent but which concern the interests of the state or the public interests of the society or the lawful rights and interests of other people, the people’s court may order the parties concerned to produce relevant evidences.

　　第十三條　對(duì)雙方當(dāng)事人無爭(zhēng)議但涉及國(guó)家利益、社會(huì)公共利益或者他人合法權(quán)益的事實(shí)，人民法院可以責(zé)令當(dāng)事人提供有關(guān)證據(jù)。

　　Article 14 The parties concerned shall categorize and number the evidential materials submitted thereby, make a brief specification of the sources of the evidential materials, the object and content of proof, put on their signatures and mark the date of submission and submit as many copies according to the number of opposite parties concerned.

　　The people’s court shall, upon receiving the evidential materials submitted by the parties concerned, issue receipts, noting the title copies and pages of the evidences as well as the time when the evidences are received, and shall put signatures or official seals to the receipts.

　　第十四條　當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)其提交的證據(jù)材料逐一分類編號(hào)，對(duì)證據(jù)材料的來源、證明對(duì)象和內(nèi)容作簡(jiǎn)要說明，簽名蓋章，注明提交日期，并依照對(duì)方當(dāng)事人人數(shù)提出副本。

　　人民法院收到當(dāng)事人提交的證據(jù)材料，應(yīng)當(dāng)出具收據(jù)，注明證據(jù)的名稱、份數(shù)和頁(yè)數(shù)以及收到的時(shí)間，由經(jīng)辦人員簽名或者蓋章。

　　II. The Investigation upon and Collection of Evidences by the People’s Court

　　二、人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)

　　Article 15 The evidences deemed as necessary by the people’s court for hearing the case as mentioned in Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China shall refer to the following:

　　1. The facts that may injure the interest of the state, the public interest of the society or the lawful interest of other people;

　　2. The procedural matters that have nothing to do with the substantial dispute, such as adding parties concerned, suspending the litigation, ending the litigation, withdrawing, etc on the basis of authority of the courts.

　　第十五條　《民事訴訟法》第六十四條規(guī)定的人民法院認(rèn)為審理案件需要的證據(jù)，是指以下情形：

　　(一)涉及可能有損國(guó)家利益、社會(huì)公共利益或者他人合法權(quán)益的事實(shí);

　　(二)涉及依職權(quán)追加當(dāng)事人、中止訴訟、終結(jié)訴訟、回避等與實(shí)體爭(zhēng)議無關(guān)的程序事項(xiàng)。

　　Article 16 Unless provided in Article 15 of the present Provisions, the investigation upon and collection of evidences by the people’s court shall be based on the application of the parties concerned.

　　第十六條　除本規(guī)定第十五條規(guī)定的情形外，人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)依當(dāng)事人的申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行。

　　Article 17 In any of the following circumstances, the parties concerned and the agent ad litum thereof may plead the people’s court to investigate upon and collect evidences:

　　1. The evidences applied for investigation and collection are the archive files kept by relevant organs of the state and must be accessed by the people’s court upon authority;

　　2. The materials that concern state secrets, commercial secrets or personal privacy;

　　3. Other materials that cannot be collected by the parties concerned or the agents ad litum thereof due to objective reasons.

　　第十七條　符合下列條件之一的，當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人可以申請(qǐng)人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)：

　　(一)申請(qǐng)調(diào)查收集的證據(jù)屬于國(guó)家有關(guān)部門保存并須人民法院依職權(quán)調(diào)取的檔案材料;

　　(二)涉及國(guó)家秘密、商業(yè)秘密、個(gè)人隱私的材料;

　　(三)當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人確因客觀原因不能自行收集的其他材料。

　　Article 18 To plead the people’s court for investigating upon and collecting evidences, the parties concerned and the agents ad litum thereof shall submit a written application.

　　The application shall clearly specify the basic information of the evidences, such as the name of the person investigated or the title of the entity, the dwelling place, the contents of the evidences to be investigated upon and collected, the reasons of why the evidences need to be investigated upon and collected by the people’s court and the facts to be proved.

　　第十八條　當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人申請(qǐng)人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交書面申請(qǐng)。申請(qǐng)書應(yīng)當(dāng)載明被調(diào)查人的姓名或者單位名稱、住所地等基本情況、所要調(diào)查收集的證據(jù)的內(nèi)容、需要由人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)的原因及其要證明的事實(shí)。

　　Article 19 The application of the parties concerned and the agents ad litum thereof to the people’s court for investigating upon and collecting evidences shall be filed at no later than seven days prior to the expiration of the term for producing evidences.

　　If the people’s court refuses to approve the application of the parties concerned or the agents ad litum thereof, it shall service a notice to them. The parties concerned and the agents ad litum thereof may file a written application to the people’s court that accepts the application for reconsideration within three days after receiving the notice. The people’s court shall give a reply within five days after receiving the application for reconsideration.

　　第十九條　當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人申請(qǐng)人民法院調(diào)查收集證據(jù)，不得遲于舉證期限屆滿前七日。

　　人民法院對(duì)當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人的申請(qǐng)不予準(zhǔn)許的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向當(dāng)事人或其訴訟代理人送達(dá)通知書。當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人可以在收到通知書的次日起三日內(nèi)向受理申請(qǐng)的人民法院書面申請(qǐng)復(fù)議一次。人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在收到復(fù)議申請(qǐng)之日起五日內(nèi)作出答復(fù)。

　　Article 20 The written evidences to be investigated upon and collected by the investigators may be the original document or the reproduction or photocopy thereof which has been verified as correct. In the case of a reproduction or a photocopy, the sources and the collection of evidences shall be specified in the investigation notes.

　　第二十條　調(diào)查人員調(diào)查收集的書證，可以是原件，也可以是經(jīng)核對(duì)無誤的副本或者復(fù)制件。是副本或者復(fù)制件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在調(diào)查筆錄中說明來源和取證情況。

　　Article 21 The physical evidences investigated upon and collected by the investigators shall be the original things. If it is indeed difficult for the person investigated to provide the original thing, he may provide a reproduction or a photo thereof. In the case of a reproduction or a photo, the investigation notes shall specify how the evidence is obtained.

　　第二十一條　調(diào)查人員調(diào)查收集的物證應(yīng)當(dāng)是原物。被調(diào)查人提供原物確有困難的，可以提供復(fù)制品或者照片。提供復(fù)制品或者照片的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在調(diào)查筆錄中說明取證情況。

　　Article 22 The investigators who investigate upon and collect computer data or audio-visual materials such as sound recordings and visual recordings, etc. shall request the person investigated to provide the original carrier of the relevant data. If it is difficult to provide the original carrier, a reproduction may be provided. If the case of a reproduction, the investigators shall specify the source of the evidences and the process of its making in the investigation notes.

　　第二十二條　調(diào)查人員調(diào)查收集計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)或者錄音、錄像等視聽資料的，應(yīng)當(dāng)要求被調(diào)查人提供有關(guān)資料的原始載體。提供原始載體確有困難的，可以提供復(fù)制件。提供復(fù)制件的，調(diào)查人員應(yīng)當(dāng)在調(diào)查筆錄中說明其來源和制作經(jīng)過。

　　Article 23 The parties concerned who apply for the preservation of evidences as pursuant to Article 74 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China shall make the application at no later than 7 days prior to the term for producing evidences.

　　Where any party concerned applies for the preservation of evidences, the people’s court may demand the party to provide relevant guarantees.

　　In case there are different provisions in laws or judicial interpretations concerning the prior-litigation preservation of evidences, such provisions shall prevail.

　　第二十三條　當(dāng)事人依據(jù)《民事訴訟法》第七十四條的規(guī)定向人民法院申請(qǐng)保全證據(jù)，不得遲于舉證期限屆滿前七日。

　　當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)保全證據(jù)的，人民法院可以要求其提供相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保。

　　法律、司法解釋規(guī)定訴前保全證據(jù)的，依照其規(guī)定辦理。

　　Article 24 When preserving evidences, the people’s court may, according to the specific circumstances, adopt the ways of preservation like sealing up, detaining, taking photos, make sound recordings or visual recordings, making reproductions, authenticating, taking transcripts, etc.

　　When preserving evidences, the people’s court may demand the parties concerned or the agents ad litum thereof to be present at the scene.

　　第二十四條　人民法院進(jìn)行證據(jù)保全，可以根據(jù)具體情況，采取查封、扣押、拍照、錄音、錄像、復(fù)制、鑒定、勘驗(yàn)、制作筆錄等方法。

　　人民法院進(jìn)行證據(jù)保全，可以要求當(dāng)事人或者訴訟代理人到場(chǎng)。

　　Article 25 The parties concerned who applies for the preserving evidences shall make the application within the time period for producing evidences and shall be in conformity with Article 27 of the present Provisions unless the parties concerned apply for re-authentication.

　　If any party concerned who bear the burden of proof for the matters that need to be authenticated fails to file an application for authentication within the time limit prescribed by the people’s court or fails pay in advance the expenses for authentication or refuses to provide relevant materials without good reason so that the facts under disputes cannot be affirmed by way of a conclusion of authentication, it shall undertake the harmful consequences of inability to produce evidences.

　　第二十五條　當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)鑒定，應(yīng)當(dāng)在舉證期限內(nèi)提出。符合本規(guī)定第二十七條規(guī)定的情形，當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)重新鑒定的除外。

　　對(duì)需要鑒定的事項(xiàng)負(fù)有舉證責(zé)任的當(dāng)事人，在人民法院指定的期限內(nèi)無正當(dāng)理由不提出鑒定申請(qǐng)或者不預(yù)交鑒定費(fèi)用或者拒不提供相關(guān)材料，致使對(duì)案件爭(zhēng)議的事實(shí)無法通過鑒定結(jié)論予以認(rèn)定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)該事實(shí)承擔(dān)舉證不能的法律后果。

　　Article 26 After the application of the party concerned for authentication is approved by the people’s court, both parties shall determine, through negotiations, the eligible authentication institution and the authenticators. In case on such consent may be reached through negotiations, the people’s court shall designate the authentication institution and authenticators.

　　第二十六條　當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)鑒定經(jīng)人民法院同意后，由雙方當(dāng)事人協(xié)商確定有鑒定資格的鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)、鑒定人員，協(xié)商不成的，由人民法院指定。

　　Article 27 In case any party concerned refuses to accept the authentication conclusions made by the authentication institution designated by the people’s court and applies for re-authentication, the people’s court shall approve the application if there are evidences that can prove the existence of any of the following circumstances:

　　1. The authentication institution or authenticator does not have relevant qualifications;

　　2. The process of authentication is seriously illegal;

　　3. There are obviously inadequate evidences for the authentication conclusions;

　　4. Other circumstance that, after cross-examinations, cannot be used as evidences.

　　If any defective authentication conclusion can be made up by way of supplementary authentications, re-authentications or supplementary cross-examinations, it shall not be re-authenticated.

　　第二十七條　當(dāng)事人對(duì)人民法院委托的鑒定部門作出的鑒定結(jié)論有異議申請(qǐng)重新鑒定，提出證據(jù)證明存在下列情形之一的，人民法院應(yīng)予準(zhǔn)許：

　　(一)鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)或者鑒定人員不具備相關(guān)的鑒定資格的;

　　(二)鑒定程序嚴(yán)重違法的;

　　(三)鑒定結(jié)論明顯依據(jù)不足的;

　　(四)經(jīng)過質(zhì)證認(rèn)定不能作為證據(jù)使用的其他情形。

　　對(duì)有缺陷的鑒定結(jié)論，可以通過補(bǔ)充鑒定、重新質(zhì)證或者補(bǔ)充質(zhì)證等方法解決的，不予重新鑒定。

　　Article 28 If the authentication conclusion is made by relevant departments made upon the independent entrustment of any party concerned and the other party has adequate evidences to rebut and applies for re-authentication, such application shall be approved by the people’s court.

　　第二十八條　一方當(dāng)事人自行委托有關(guān)部門作出的鑒定結(jié)論，另一方當(dāng)事人有證據(jù)足以反駁并申請(qǐng)重新鑒定的，人民法院應(yīng)予準(zhǔn)許。

　　(相關(guān)資料: 地方法規(guī)2篇 案例1篇 裁判文書82篇 相關(guān)論文2篇 實(shí)務(wù)指南)

　　Article 29 The judges shall examine the reports of authentication made by the authenticators so as to confirm whether the following contents are included:

　　1. The name or title of the client, and the content of the entrusted authentication;

　　2. The materials for the entrusted authentication;

　　3. The basis of entrustment and the scientific or technological means adopted;

　　4. Specifications of the authentication process;

　　5. An definite conclusion of authentication;

　　6. Specifications of the qualifications of the authenticators;

　　7. The signatures of the authenticator and the official seal of the authentication institution.

　　第二十九條　審判人員對(duì)鑒定人出具的鑒定書，應(yīng)當(dāng)審查是否具有下列內(nèi)容： 　 (一)委托人姓名或者名稱、委托鑒定的內(nèi)容;

　　(二)委托鑒定的材料;

　　(三)鑒定的依據(jù)及使用的科學(xué)技術(shù)手段;

　　(四)對(duì)鑒定過程的說明;

　　(五)明確的鑒定結(jié)論;

　　(六)對(duì)鑒定人鑒定資格的說明;

　　(七)鑒定人員及鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)簽名蓋章。

　　Article 30 The people’s court shall take notes for the inquisition of the physical evidences or the spot of scene, recording the time and venue of the inquisition, the inquisitors, the people on the spot of the scene, the process and result of the inquisition, etc and have the notes signed or sealed by the people on the spot of the scene. If any map is drawn, the time and direction of the drawing, the name and identification of the drawers shall be specified in the map.

　　第三十條　人民法院勘驗(yàn)物證或者現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)制作筆錄，記錄勘驗(yàn)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、勘驗(yàn)人、在場(chǎng)人、勘驗(yàn)的經(jīng)過、結(jié)果，由勘驗(yàn)人、在場(chǎng)人簽名或者蓋章。對(duì)于繪制的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)圖應(yīng)當(dāng)注明繪制的時(shí)間、方位、測(cè)繪人姓名、身份等內(nèi)容。

　　Article 31 In case excerpts are taken from the relevant documents or materials formulated by relevant departments, the excerpts shall specify the sources and be affixed with the cachet of the entity that has formulated or that keeps the documents or materials, and the person who make the excerpt or other investigators shall put their signatures or seals on the excerpts.

　　The excerpts of the documents or materials shall be relatively complete in content and may not made unscrupulously.

　　第三十一條　摘錄有關(guān)單位制作的與案件事實(shí)相關(guān)的文件、材料，應(yīng)當(dāng)注明出處，并加蓋制作單位或者保管單位的印章，摘錄人和其他調(diào)查人員應(yīng)當(dāng)在摘錄件上簽名或者蓋章。

　　摘錄文件、材料應(yīng)當(dāng)保持內(nèi)容相應(yīng)的完整性，不得斷章取義。

　　III. The Time Period for Producing Evidences and the Exchange of Evidences

　　三、舉證時(shí)限與證據(jù)交換

　　Article 32 The defendant shall submit a written reply before the expiration of the prescribed time period, specifying his opinions concerning the facts and reasons on which the allegations of the plaintiff are based.

　　第三十二條　被告應(yīng)當(dāng)在答辯期屆滿前提出書面答辯，闡明其對(duì)原告訴訟請(qǐng)求及所依據(jù)的事實(shí)和理由的意見。

　　Article 33 The people’s court shall service a notice for accepting the case and a notice for responding to the suit to the parties concerned, and at the same time service a notice for producing evidences to them. The notice for producing evidences shall specify the principle and requirements of distributing the burden of proof, the circumstances under which the parties concerned may plead the people’s court to investigate upon and collect evidences, the time period prescribed by the people’s court for producing evidences and the harmful consequences for failure to produce evidences during the prescribed time period.

　　第三十三條　人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在送達(dá)案件受理通知書和應(yīng)訴通知書的同時(shí)向當(dāng)事人送達(dá)舉證通知書。舉證通知書應(yīng)當(dāng)載明舉證責(zé)任的分配原則與要求、可以向人民法院申請(qǐng)調(diào)查取證的情形、人民法院根據(jù)案件情況指定的舉證期限以及逾期提供證據(jù)的法律后果。

　　The time period for producing evidences may be agreed upon by the parties concerned and be affirmed by the people’s court.

　　If the time period for producing evidences is designated by the people’s court, the designated time period shall be not less 30 days, starting from the next day when the parties concerned receive the notice of accepting the case the notice for responding to the suit.

　　舉證期限可以由當(dāng)事人協(xié)商一致，并經(jīng)人民法院認(rèn)可。

　　由人民法院指定舉證期限的，指定的期限不得少于三十日，自當(dāng)事人收到案件受理通知書和應(yīng)訴通知書的次日起計(jì)算。

　　Article 34 The parties concerned shall submit evidential materials to the people’s court within the time period for producing evidences; in case any party fails to submit evidences during this time period shall be deemed as giving up the right to produce evidences.

　　The evidential materials submitted by the parties concerned beyond the time period shall not be cross-examined during the court hearing of the people’s court, unless both parties agree to have the evidences cross-examined.

　　In case any party makes additional or changes allegations or lodges a counterclaim, he shall do so prior to the expiration of the time period for producing evidences.

　　第三十四條　當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)在舉證期限內(nèi)向人民法院提交證據(jù)材料，當(dāng)事人在舉證期限內(nèi)不提交的，視為放棄舉證權(quán)利。

　　對(duì)于當(dāng)事人逾期提交的證據(jù)材料，人民法院審理時(shí)不組織質(zhì)證。但對(duì)方當(dāng)事人同意質(zhì)證的除外。

　　當(dāng)事人增加、變更訴訟請(qǐng)求或者提起反訴的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在舉證期限屆滿前提出。

　　Article 35 If, in the process of litigation, the nature of the legal relations alleged by the parties concerned or the validity of the civil acts are inconsistent with the findings of fact made by the people’s court on the basis of the facts of the case, the provisions of Article 34 of the present Provisions shall not be applicable, and the people’s court shall inform the parties concerned that the allegations litigation may be changed.

　　第三十五條　訴訟過程中，當(dāng)事人主張的法律關(guān)系的性質(zhì)或者民事行為的效力與人民法院根據(jù)案件事實(shí)作出的認(rèn)定不一致的，不受本規(guī)定第三十四條規(guī)定的限制，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)告知當(dāng)事人可以變更訴訟請(qǐng)求。

　　Where the parties concerned change their allegations of litigation, the people’s court shall prescribe the time period for producing evidences anew.

　　當(dāng)事人變更訴訟請(qǐng)求的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)重新指定舉證期限。

　　Article 36 If any party concerned has real difficulty in producing evidences during the prescribed time period, it shall apply to the people’s court for extending the period during the time period for producing evidences. It may delay the producing of evidences upon the approval of the people’s court. If the party concerned still has difficulty in producing evidences during the extended time period, it may apply to the people’s court for another extension of the time period for producing evidences. It is up to the people’s court to decide whether to approve the application or not.

　　第三十六條　當(dāng)事人在舉證期限內(nèi)提交證據(jù)材料確有困難的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在舉證期限內(nèi)向人民法院申請(qǐng)延期舉證，經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許，可以適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)舉證期限。當(dāng)事人在延長(zhǎng)的舉證期限內(nèi)提交證據(jù)材料仍有困難的，可以再次提出延期申請(qǐng)，是否準(zhǔn)許由人民法院決定。

　　Article 37 The people’s court may, upon the application of the parties concerned, arrange for them to exchange evidences prior to holding a session of court hearing.

　　As for the cases for which there are plenty of evidences or which are difficult in nature, the people’s court shall arrange for the parties concerned to exchange evidences after the expiration of the time period for reply but prior to holding a session of court hearing.

　　第三十七條　經(jīng)當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)，人民法院可以組織當(dāng)事人在開庭審理前交換證據(jù)。

　　人民法院對(duì)于證據(jù)較多或者復(fù)雜疑難的案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)組織當(dāng)事人在答辯期屆滿后、開庭審理前交換證據(jù)。

　　Article 38 The time for exchanging evidences may be agreed upon by the parties concerned and be subject to the approval of the people’s court, or it may be determined by the people’s court.

　　Where the people’s court arranges for the parties concerned to exchange evidences, the day when evidences are exchanged is the day when the time period for producing evidences expires. Where the application of the parties concerned for extending the time period for producing evidences is approved by the people’s court, the date for exchanging evidences shall also be extended accordingly.

　　第三十八條　交換證據(jù)的時(shí)間可以由當(dāng)事人協(xié)商一致并經(jīng)人民法院認(rèn)可，也可以由人民法院指定。

　　人民法院組織當(dāng)事人交換證據(jù)的，交換證據(jù)之日舉證期限屆滿。當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)延期舉證經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許的，證據(jù)交換日相應(yīng)順延。

　　Article 39 The exchange of evidences shall be conducted under the charge of the judges.

　　第三十九條　證據(jù)交換應(yīng)當(dāng)在審判人員的主持下進(jìn)行。

　　In the process of changing evidences, the judges shall record in the case files the facts and evidences to which the parties concerned have no objection. If they have any objection to any of the evidences, such evidences shall be recorded down according to the classified facts that need to be proved and shall specify the reasons for such objection. Through the exchange of evidences, the major issues about the disputes of both parties concerned are determined.

　　在證據(jù)交換的過程中，審判人員對(duì)當(dāng)事人無異議的事實(shí)、證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)記錄在卷;對(duì)有異議的證據(jù)，按照需要證明的事實(shí)分類記錄在卷，并記載異議的理由。通過證據(jù)交換，確定雙方當(dāng)事人爭(zhēng)議的主要問題。

　　Article 40 Where any party concerned rebuts and submits new evidences after receiving the evidences exchanged by the other party, the people’s court shall inform them to exchange the new evidences at a designated time.

　　As a general rules, there shall not be more than two exchanges of evidences, unless the case is very important, difficult or very complicated in nature and the people’s court believes it necessary to have another exchange of evidences.

　　第四十條　當(dāng)事人收到對(duì)方交換的證據(jù)后提出反駁并提出新證據(jù)的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)通知當(dāng)事人在指定的時(shí)間進(jìn)行交換。

　　證據(jù)交換一般不超過兩次。但重大、疑難和案情特別復(fù)雜的案件，人民法院認(rèn)為確有必要再次進(jìn)行證據(jù)交換的除外。

　　Article 41 The new evidences as provided in paragraph 1 of Article 125 of the Civil Procedure Law shall refer to any of the following circumstances:

　　第四十一條　《民事訴訟法》第一百二十五條第一款規(guī)定的新的證據(jù)，是指以下情形：

　　1. The new evidences of the first instance hearing include: the evidences newly found by the parties concerned after the expiration of the time period for producing evidences in the first instance court hearing; the evidences which the parties concerned cannot provide during the time period for producing evidences due to objective reasons and still cannot provide during the extended time period approved by the people’s court;

　　(一)一審程序中的新的證據(jù)包括：當(dāng)事人在一審舉證期限屆滿后新發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù);當(dāng)事人確因客觀原因無法在舉證期限內(nèi)提供，經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許，在延長(zhǎng)的期限內(nèi)仍無法提供的證據(jù);

　　2. The new evidences of the second instance hearing include: the evidences newly found after the first instances hearing is finished; the evidences which the parties concerned applied, prior to the expiration of the time period for producing evidences in the first instance hearing, to the people’s court for investigation and collection but failed to be approved but collected by the second instance court upon the application of the parties concerned which believes it necessary to grant approval to the application thereof.

　　(二)二審程序中的新的證據(jù)包括：一審?fù)徑Y(jié)束后新發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù);當(dāng)事人在一審舉證期限屆滿前申請(qǐng)人民法院調(diào)查取證未獲準(zhǔn)許，二審法院經(jīng)審查認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)許并依當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)調(diào)取的證據(jù)。

　　Article 42 Where any party concerned submits new evidences in the first instance hearing, such evidences shall be submitted prior to the start of the first instance hearing or prior to the holding of a session.

　　Where any party concerned submits new evidences in the process of the second instance hearing, such evidences shall be submitted prior to the start of the second instance or prior to the holding of a session. Where it is not necessary to hold a session, they shall be submitted during the time period designated by the people’s court.

　　第四十二條　當(dāng)事人在一審程序中提供新的證據(jù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在一審開庭前或者開庭審理時(shí)提出。

　　當(dāng)事人在二審程序中提供新的證據(jù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在二審開庭前或者開庭審理時(shí)提出;二審不需要開庭審理的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在人民法院指定的期限內(nèi)提出。

　　Article 43 Where the evidences submitted by the parties concerned after the time period for producing evidences expires are not new evidences, they shall not be accepted by the people’s court.

　　Where any evidence fails to be provided by the parties concerned during the extended time period upon the approval of the people’s court due to objective reasons and the failure to hear such evidence may result in injustice, such evidence may be deemed as new evidence.

　　第四十三條　當(dāng)事人舉證期限屆滿后提供的證據(jù)不是新的證據(jù)的，人民法院不予采納。

　　當(dāng)事人經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許延期舉證，但因客觀原因未能在準(zhǔn)許的期限內(nèi)提供，且不審理該證據(jù)可能導(dǎo)致裁判明顯不公的，其提供的證據(jù)可視為新的證據(jù)。

　　Article 44 The term new evidences as mentioned in Item 1, Paragraph 1 of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law shall refer to the evidences newly found after the court hearing of the original instance is finished.

　　Where any party concerned submits new evidences in the process of retrial, it shall submit such evidences when it applies for retrial.

　　第四十四條　《民事訴訟法》第一百七十九條第一款第(一)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的新的證據(jù)，是指原審?fù)徑Y(jié)束后新發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)。

　　當(dāng)事人在再審程序中提供新的證據(jù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彆r(shí)提出。

　　Article 45 Where any party concerned produces new evidences, the people’s court shall inform the other party to put forward its opinions or produce evidences during a reasonable period of time.

　　第四十五條　一方當(dāng)事人提出新的證據(jù)的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)通知對(duì)方當(dāng)事人在合理期限內(nèi)提出意見或者舉證。

　　Article 46 Where a case is remanded for a new trial or the judgment of which is changed during the second trial or retrial as a result that any party concerned failed to produce evidences during the prescribed time limit, the original judgment shall not be considered to be a wrong judgment. Where a party pleads that the other party that produces new evidences bear the reasonable expenses incurred from the traveling, loss of working time, the witness’ appearance at court, litigation, etc. and the direct losses incurred therefrom, such pleadings shall be affirmed by the people’s court.

　　第四十六條　由于當(dāng)事人的原因未能在指定期限內(nèi)舉證，致使案件在二審或者再審期間因提出新的證據(jù)被人民法院發(fā)回重審或者改判的，原審裁判不屬于錯(cuò)誤裁判案件。一方當(dāng)事人請(qǐng)求提出新的證據(jù)的另一方當(dāng)事人負(fù)擔(dān)由此增加的差旅、誤工、證人出庭作證、訴訟等合理費(fèi)用以及由此擴(kuò)大的直接損失，人民法院應(yīng)予支持。

　　IV. Cross-Examination 四、質(zhì)證

　　Article 47 Evidences shall be presented at court and be cross-examined by the parties concerned. Any evidence that has not been cross-examined shall not be rendered as the basis for affirming the facts of the case.

　　The evidences that are affirmed and recorded down in the case files in the process of exchanging evidences may, upon the statement of judges at court hearing, be taken as the basis for affirming the facts of the case.

　　第四十七條　證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)在法庭上出示，由當(dāng)事人質(zhì)證。未經(jīng)質(zhì)證的證據(jù)，不能作為認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的依據(jù)。

　　當(dāng)事人在證據(jù)交換過程中認(rèn)可并記錄在卷的證據(jù)，經(jīng)審判人員在庭審中說明后，可以作為認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的依據(jù)。

　　Article 48 The evidences that involve the state secrets, business secrets, personal privacy or other evidences that shall be kept secret according to relevant provisions of law may not be cross-examined in public at the court hearings.

　　第四十八條　涉及國(guó)家秘密、商業(yè)秘密和個(gè)人隱私或者法律規(guī)定的其他應(yīng)當(dāng)保密的證據(jù)，不得在開庭時(shí)公開質(zhì)證。

　　Article 49 When cross-examining written evidences, physical evidences or audio-visual materials, the parties concerned shall be entitled to demand the other party to present the original document or original thing with the except of any of the following circumstances:

　　1. It is indeed difficult to present the original document or original thing and it is approved by the people’s court to present the reproduction or photocopy thereof;

　　2. The original document or original thing is not existing but evidences show that the production or photocopy is identical to the original document or original thing.

　　第四十九條　對(duì)書證、物證、視聽資料進(jìn)行質(zhì)證時(shí)，當(dāng)事人有權(quán)要求出示證據(jù)的原件或者原物。但有下列情況之一的除外：

　　(一)出示原件或者原物確有困難并經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許出示復(fù)制件或者復(fù)制品的;

　　(二)原件或者原物已不存在，但有證據(jù)證明復(fù)制件、復(fù)制品與原件或原物一致的。

　　Article 50 When cross-examining evidences, the parties concerned shall concentrate on the genuineness, relativity, lawfulness of the evidences, and make interrogations, accounts and debates concerning the validity and forcefulness of the evidences.

　　第五十條　質(zhì)證時(shí)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)圍繞證據(jù)的真實(shí)性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、合法性，針對(duì)證據(jù)證明力有無以及證明力大小，進(jìn)行質(zhì)疑、說明與辯駁。

　　Article 51 The cross-examination shall be conducted in the following sequence:

　　第五十一條　質(zhì)證按下列順序進(jìn)行：

　　1. The plaintiff presents evidences, and the defendant or third party cross-examines;

　　2. The defendant presents evidences, and the plaintiff or third party cross-examines;

　　3. The third party presents evidences, and the defendant and the plaintiff cross-examines.

　　The evidences collected by the people’s court upon the application of the parties concerned shall be deemed as the evidences provided by the party that has made the application.

　　The people’s court shall present the evidences collected according to its functions, listen to the opinions of the parties concerned and make account of the investigation upon and collection of the evidences.

　　(一)原告出示證據(jù)，被告、第三人與原告進(jìn)行質(zhì)證;

　　(二)被告出示證據(jù)，原告、第三人與被告進(jìn)行質(zhì)證;

　　(三)第三人出示證據(jù)，原告、被告與第三人進(jìn)行質(zhì)證。

　　人民法院依照當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)調(diào)查收集的證據(jù)，作為提出申請(qǐng)的一方當(dāng)事人提供的證據(jù)。

　　人民法院依照職權(quán)調(diào)查收集的證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)在庭審時(shí)出示，聽取當(dāng)事人意見，并可就調(diào)查收集該證據(jù)的情況予以說明。

　　Article 52 Where there are more than two independent allegations, the parties concerned may present the evidences one by one for cross-examination.

　　第五十二條　案件有兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的訴訟請(qǐng)求的，當(dāng)事人可以逐個(gè)出示證據(jù)進(jìn)行質(zhì)證。

　　Article 53 Any one who cannot correct express his or her mind may not be a witness.

　　第五十三條　不能正確表達(dá)意志的人，不能作為證人。

　　The persons with no capacity for civil conduct or the persons with limited capacity for civil conduct who are suitable for the facts to be affirmed in terms of age, intelligibility or mental health may be witnesses.

　　待證事實(shí)與其年齡、智力狀況或者精神健康狀況相適應(yīng)的無民事行為能力人和限制民事行為能力人，可以作為證人。

　　Article 54 The application of the parties concerned for having witnesses to appear at court shall be filed ten days before the time period for producing evidences expires and shall be subject to the approval of the people’s court.

　　In case the people’s court approves the application of the party concerned, it shall inform the witnesses involved prior to the opening of the court hearing and inform them that they shall testify on the basis of facts as well as the legal consequences of giving false testimony.

　　The reasonable expenses incurred from the witness’ appearance at court for testimony shall be paid in advance by the party that provides the witnesses and be borne by the party that loses the suit.

　　第五十四條　當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)證人出庭作證，應(yīng)當(dāng)在舉證期限屆滿十日前提出，并經(jīng)人民法院許可。

　　人民法院對(duì)當(dāng)事人的申請(qǐng)予以準(zhǔn)許的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在開庭審理前通知證人出庭作證，并告知其應(yīng)當(dāng)如實(shí)作證及作偽證的法律后果。

　　證人因出庭作證而支出的合理費(fèi)用，由提供證人的一方當(dāng)事人先行支付，由敗訴一方當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)。

　　Article 55 Witnesses shall appear in court to testify and shall accept the cross-examination of the parties concerned.

　　Where the witness appears at the exchange of evidences organized by the people’s court and makes statements as testimony, it may be deemed as having appeared in court as a witness.

　　第五十五條　證人應(yīng)當(dāng)出庭作證，接受當(dāng)事人的質(zhì)詢。

　　證人在人民法院組織雙方當(dāng)事人交換證據(jù)時(shí)出席陳述證言的，可視為出庭作證。

　　Article 56 The phrase the witness cannot appear in court due to real difficulties as mentioned in Article 70 of the Civil Procedure Law shall refer to any of the following circumstances:

　　1. Being unable to appear in court due to old age, debility or unable to travel;

　　2. Being unable to leave due to the special post thereof;

　　3. Being unable to appear in court due to long distance and inconvenient communications;

　　4. Being unable to appear in court due to force majeure such as natural disaster, etc;

　　5. Other special circumstances of being unable to appear in court.

　　In any of the circumstances as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the witness may, upon the approval of the people’s court, bear witness by way of submitting a written testimony or audio-visual materials or by means of two-way audio-visual transmission technology.

　　第五十六條　《民事訴訟法》第七十條規(guī)定的證人確有困難不能出庭，是指有下列情形：

　　(一)年邁體弱或者行動(dòng)不便無法出庭的;

　　(二)特殊崗位確實(shí)無法離開的;

　　(三)路途特別遙遠(yuǎn)，交通不便難以出庭的;

　　(四)因自然災(zāi)害等不可抗力的原因無法出庭的;

　　(五)其他無法出庭的特殊情況。

　　前款情形，經(jīng)人民法院許可，證人可以提交書面證言或者視聽資料或者通過雙向視聽傳輸技術(shù)手段作證。

　　Article 57 The witness that appears in court to bear witness shall objectively state the facts that he has felt in person. If the witness is deaf or mute, he may bear witness by other means.

　　When bearing witness, the witnesses may not use language of conjecture, induction or comments.

　　第五十七條　出庭作證的證人應(yīng)當(dāng)客觀陳述其親身感知的事實(shí)。證人為聾啞人的，可以其他表達(dá)方式作證。

　　證人作證時(shí)，不得使用猜測(cè)、推斷或者評(píng)論性的語言。

　　Article 58 The judges and the parties concerned may interrogate the witnesses. No witness may audit the court hearing. When interrogating a witness, no other witness may be present. When it thinks necessary, the people’s court may allow the witnesses to cross-examine each other.

　　第五十八條　審判人員和當(dāng)事人可以對(duì)證人進(jìn)行詢問。證人不得旁聽法庭審理;詢問證人時(shí)，其他證人不得在場(chǎng)。人民法院認(rèn)為有必要的，可以讓證人進(jìn)行對(duì)質(zhì)。

　　Article 59 The authenticators shall appear in court to accept the interrogations of the parties concerned.

　　Where any authenticator is unable to appear in court due to special reasons, he may, upon the approval of the people’s court, answer the interrogations of the parties concerned in writing.

　　第五十九條　鑒定人應(yīng)當(dāng)出庭接受當(dāng)事人質(zhì)詢。

　　鑒定人確因特殊原因無法出庭的，經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許，可以書面答復(fù)當(dāng)事人的質(zhì)詢。

　　Article 60 The parties concerned may, upon the approval of the court, interrogate the witnesses, authenticators and investigators.

　　When interrogating the witnesses, authenticators or investigators, no menacing, insulting or misleading language or means may be used.

　　第六十條　經(jīng)法庭許可，當(dāng)事人可以向證人、鑒定人、勘驗(yàn)人發(fā)問。

　　詢問證人、鑒定人、勘驗(yàn)人不得使用威脅、侮辱及不適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)證人的言語和方式。

　　Article 61 The parties concerned may apply to the people’s court to have one or two persons with professional knowledge to appear in court to make accounts of the specialized questions relating to the case. If the people’s court approves such applications, the relevant expenses shall be borne by the party that makes the application.

　　The judges and parties concerned may interrogate the persons with professional knowledge that appear in court.

　　Upon the approval of the peopel’s court, the persons with professional knowledge as applied for by each party concerned may cross-examine the issues concerned in the case.

　　The persons with professional knowledge may inquire of the authenticators.

　　第六十一條　當(dāng)事人可以向人民法院申請(qǐng)由一至二名具有專門知識(shí)的人員出庭就案件的專門性問題進(jìn)行說明。人民法院準(zhǔn)許其申請(qǐng)的，有關(guān)費(fèi)用由提出申請(qǐng)的當(dāng)事人負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　審判人員和當(dāng)事人可以對(duì)出庭的具有專門知識(shí)的人員進(jìn)行詢問。

　　經(jīng)人民法院準(zhǔn)許，可以由當(dāng)事人各自申請(qǐng)的具有專門知識(shí)的人員就有案件中的問題進(jìn)行對(duì)質(zhì)。

　　具有專門知識(shí)的人員可以對(duì)鑒定人進(jìn)行詢問。

　　Article 62 The court shall write down the interrogations of the parties into the case files which shall be signed or sealed by the parties concerned after verfication.

　　第六十二條　法庭應(yīng)當(dāng)將當(dāng)事人的質(zhì)證情況記入筆錄，并由當(dāng)事人核對(duì)后簽名或者蓋章。

　　V. The Verification and Affirmation of Evidences 五、證據(jù)的審核認(rèn)定

　　Article 63 The people’s court shall take the facts that can be proved by evidences as the basis of judgment according to law.

　　第六十三條　人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)以證據(jù)能夠證明的案件事實(shí)為依據(jù)依法作出裁判。

　　(相關(guān)資料: 裁判文書169篇 相關(guān)論文16篇 實(shí)務(wù)指南)

　　Article 64 The judges shall verify the evidences according to the legal procedures all-roundly and objectively, shall observe the provisions of law, follow the professional ethics of judges, use logic reasoning and daily life experience to make independent judgments concerning the validity and forcefulness of the evidences, and publicize the reasons and result of judgment.

　　第六十四條　審判人員應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法定程序，全面、客觀地審核證據(jù)，依據(jù)法律的規(guī)定，遵循法官職業(yè)道德，運(yùn)用邏輯推理和日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)證據(jù)有無證明力和證明力大小獨(dú)立進(jìn)行判斷，并公開判斷的理由和結(jié)果。

　　Article 65 The judges may examine and verify a single evidence from the following aspects:

　　1. Whether the evidence is the original document or thing; whether the photocopy or reproduction is identical to the original document or original thing;

　　2. Whether the evidence is relevant to the facts of the present case;

　　3. Whether the forms and sources of the evidence is consistent to the legal provisions;

　　4. Whether the evidence is real;

　　5. Whether the witness or evidence provider has an interest in any party concerned.

　　第六十五條　審判人員對(duì)單一證據(jù)可以從下列方面進(jìn)行審核認(rèn)定：

　　(一)證據(jù)是否原件、原物，復(fù)印件、復(fù)制品與原件、原物是否相符;

　　(二)證據(jù)與本案事實(shí)是否相關(guān);

　　(三)證據(jù)的形式、來源是否符合法律規(guī)定;

　　(四)證據(jù)的內(nèi)容是否真實(shí);

　　(五)證人或者提供證據(jù)的人，與當(dāng)事人有無利害關(guān)系。

　　Article 66 The judges shall make a comprehensive examination and judgment of all evidences from the degree of connection of each evidence with the fact of the case and the relations between the evidences.

　　第六十六條　審判人員對(duì)案件的全部證據(jù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)從各證據(jù)與案件事實(shí)的關(guān)聯(lián)程度、各證據(jù)之間的聯(lián)系等方面進(jìn)行綜合審查判斷。

　　Article 67 In the process of litigation, the evidences which they have affirmed through compromise for the sake of reaching a mediation or agreement or reconciliation may not be used by the parties concerned in later litigations as an evidence unfavorable to the other party.

　　第六十七條　在訴訟中，當(dāng)事人為達(dá)成調(diào)解協(xié)議或者和解的目的作出妥協(xié)所涉及的對(duì)案件事實(shí)的認(rèn)可，不得在其后的訴訟中作為對(duì)其不利的證據(jù)。

　　Article 68 The evidences obtained by infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of other people or by those means prohibited by law may not be taken as the basis for affirming the facts of the case.

　　六十八條　以侵害他人合法權(quán)益或者違反法律禁止性規(guī)定的方法取得的證據(jù)，不能作為認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的依據(jù)。

　　Article 69 The following evidences may not be used independently as the basis for affirming the facts of a case:

　　1. The testimony of a minor that is not suitable to his age or intelligence;

　　2. The testimony of a witness that has an interest in a party or the agent thereof;

　　3. Doubtful audio-visual materials;

　　4. Photocopies or reproductions that cannot be verified against the original document or original thing;

　　5. The testimony of a witness that fails to appear in court to bear witness.

　　第六十九條　下列證據(jù)不能單獨(dú)作為認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)的依據(jù)：

　　(一)未成年人所作的與其年齡和智力狀況不相當(dāng)?shù)淖C言;

　　(二)與一方當(dāng)事人或者其代理人有利害關(guān)系的證人出具的證言;

　　(三)存有疑點(diǎn)的視聽資料;

　　(四)無法與原件、原物核對(duì)的復(fù)印件、復(fù)制品;

　　(五)無正當(dāng)理由未出庭作證的證人證言。

　　Article 70 If any of the following evidences submitted by any party concerned is objected by the other party who does not have opposite evidences forceful enough to rebut them, the people’s court shall affirm the forcefulness thereof:

　　1. The original document of a written evidence or the photocopy, photo, duplicate, or excerpt that is verified as identical with the original document of the written evidence;

　　2. The original thing of a physical evidence or the reproduction, photo, or visual recordings that are verified as identical with the original thing of the physical evidence;

　　3. The audio-visual materials that are obtained by lawful means, without any doubt and are supported by other evidences or the reproductions of the audio-visual materials that have been verified as correct;

　　4. On-spot inquisition records about the physical evidence or the scene made according to legal procedures by the people’s court upon the application of a party concerned.

　　第七十條　一方當(dāng)事人提出的下列證據(jù)，對(duì)方當(dāng)事人提出異議但沒有足以反駁的相反證據(jù)的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)確認(rèn)其證明力：

　　(一)書證原件或者與書證原件核對(duì)無誤的復(fù)印件、照片、副本、節(jié)錄本;

　　(二)物證原物或者與物證原物核對(duì)無誤的復(fù)制件、照片、錄像資料等;

　　(三)有其他證據(jù)佐證并以合法手段取得的、無疑點(diǎn)的視聽資料或者與視聽資料核對(duì)無誤的復(fù)制件;

　　(四)一方當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)人民法院依照法定程序制作的對(duì)物證或者現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的勘驗(yàn)筆錄。

　　Article 71 The validity of the authentication conclusions made by the authentication institutions upon the entrustment of the people’s court shall be affirmed if the parties concerned do not have opposite evidences or reasons forceful enough to rebut them.

　　第七十一條　人民法院委托鑒定部門作出的鑒定結(jié)論，當(dāng)事人沒有足以反駁的相反證據(jù)和理由的，可以認(rèn)定其證明力。

　　Article 72 If the evidences produced by one of the parties are affirmed by the other party or cannot be rebutted by the opposite evidences produced by the other party, the forcefulness thereof shall be affirmed by the people’s court.

　　If the evidence produced by one of the parties is objected the other party or is rebutted by the opposite evidences of the other party, and if the opposite evidences of the other party are affirmed, the forcefulness of the opposite evidences shall be affirmed.

　　第七十二條　一方當(dāng)事人提出的證據(jù)，另一方當(dāng)事人認(rèn)可或者提出的相反證據(jù)不足以反駁的，人民法院可以確認(rèn)其證明力。

　　一方當(dāng)事人提出的證據(jù)，另一方當(dāng)事人有異議并提出反駁證據(jù)，對(duì)方當(dāng)事人對(duì)反駁證據(jù)認(rèn)可的，可以確認(rèn)反駁證據(jù)的證明力。

　　Article 73 Where both parties concerned produces contradicting evidences to prove a same fact but neither has enough evidence to rebut the evidences of the other party, the people’s court shall determine which evidences are obviously more forceful than the other evidences by taking the case into consideration, and shall affirm the evidences that are more forceful.

　　If the facts of a case are not identifiable due to the inability to determine the forcefulness of the evidences, the people’s court shall make a judgment according to the rules for distributing the burden of proof.

　　第七十三條　雙方當(dāng)事人對(duì)同一事實(shí)分別舉出相反的證據(jù)，但都沒有足夠的依據(jù)否定對(duì)方證據(jù)的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合案件情況，判斷一方提供證據(jù)的證明力是否明顯大于另一方提供證據(jù)的證明力，并對(duì)證明力較大的證據(jù)予以確認(rèn)。

　　因證據(jù)的證明力無法判斷導(dǎo)致爭(zhēng)議事實(shí)難以認(rèn)定的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)依據(jù)舉證責(zé)任分配的規(guī)則作出裁判。

　　Article 74 In the process of litigation, the facts that are affirmed as unfavorable to a party itself and the evidences that have been affirmed by the parties concerned in the bill of complaint, bill of defense, statements of the parties concerned or the statement of the procurator shall be affirmed by the people’s court, unless the party concerned goes back on its own words and has adequate evidences to overthrow the said evidences.

　　第七十四條　訴訟過程中，當(dāng)事人在起訴狀、答辯狀、陳述及其委托代理人的代理詞中承認(rèn)的對(duì)己方不利的事實(shí)和認(rèn)可的證據(jù)，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)予以確認(rèn)，但當(dāng)事人反悔并有相反證據(jù)足以推翻的除外。

　　Article 75 Where there are evidences to prove that a party possesses the evidence but refuses to provide it without good reasons and if the other party claims that the evidence is unfavorable to the possessor of the evidence, it may be deduced that the claim stands.

　　第七十五條　有證據(jù)證明一方當(dāng)事人持有證據(jù)無正當(dāng)理由拒不提供，如果對(duì)方當(dāng)事人主張?jiān)撟C據(jù)的內(nèi)容不利于證據(jù)持有人，可以推定該主張成立。

　　Article 76 Where a party makes statements for its allegations but fails to provide other relevant evidences, the allegations thereof shall not be affirmed, unless the other party so affirms.

　　第七十六條　當(dāng)事人對(duì)自己的主張，只有本人陳述而不能提出其他相關(guān)證據(jù)的，其主張不予支持。但對(duì)方當(dāng)事人認(rèn)可的除外。

　　Article 77 The forcefulness of more than one evidence concerning a same fact may be determined by the people’s court according to the following principles:

　　1. The documents formulated by state organs or social bodies according to their respective functions are, as a general rules, more forceful than other written evidences;

　　2. The physical evidences, archive files, authentication conclusions, on-spot inquisition recordings and the written evidences that have been notarized or registered are, as a general rule, more forceful than other written evidences, audio-visual materials and testimonies;

　　3. The original evidences are, as a general rule, more forceful than the derivative evidences;

　　4. The direct evidences are, as a general rule, more forceful than indirect evidences;

　　5. The testimony of a witness that is favorable to the party concerned who is a relation thereof or with whom the party concerned is in other close relations are, as a general rule, less forceful than the testimony of other witnesses.

　　第七十七條　人民法院就數(shù)個(gè)證據(jù)對(duì)同一事實(shí)的證明力，可以依照下列原則認(rèn)定：

　　(一)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體依職權(quán)制作的公文書證的證明力一般大于其他書證;

　　(二)物證、檔案、鑒定結(jié)論、勘驗(yàn)筆錄或者經(jīng)過公證、登記的書證，其證明力一般大于其他書證、視聽資料和證人證言;

　　(三)原始證據(jù)的證明力一般大于傳來證據(jù);

　　(四)直接證據(jù)的證明力一般大于間接證據(jù);

　　(五)證人提供的對(duì)與其有親屬或者其他密切關(guān)系的當(dāng)事人有利的證言，其證明力一般小于其他證人證言。

　　Article 78 When affirming the testimony of a witness, the people’s court may decide on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the intelligence, moral character, knowledge, experience, legal consciousness, professional abilities, etc. of the witnesses.

　　第七十八條　人民法院認(rèn)定證人證言，可以通過對(duì)證人的智力狀況、品德、知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、法律意識(shí)和專業(yè)技能等的綜合分析作出判斷。

　　Article 79 The people’s court shall specify in the judgments the reasons why an evidence is adopted.

　　The reasons why the evidences to which the parties concerned have no objection are adopted need not be specified in the judgments.

　　第七十九條　人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)在裁判文書中闡明證據(jù)是否采納的理由。

　　對(duì)當(dāng)事人無爭(zhēng)議的證據(jù)，是否采納的理由可以不在裁判文書中表述。

　　VI. Other Provisions 六、其他

　　Article 80 The lawful rights and interests of the witnesses, authenticators and inquisitors shall be protected.

　　In case any party concerned or other participant of litigation counterfeits or destroys evidences or produces false evidences or prevents any witness from bearing witness or instigates or bribes or threatens other people to give false testimonies or takes revenge against any witness, authenticator or inquisitor, it shall be dealt with as pursuant to Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　第八十條　對(duì)證人、鑒定人、勘驗(yàn)人的合法權(quán)益依法予以保護(hù)。

　　當(dāng)事人或者其他訴訟參與人偽造、毀滅證據(jù)，提供假證據(jù)，阻止證人作證，指使、賄買、脅迫他人作偽證，或者對(duì)證人、鑒定人、勘驗(yàn)人打擊報(bào)復(fù)的，依照《民事訴訟法》第一百零二條的規(guī)定處理。

　　Article 81 The cases heard by the people’s court on the basis of simplified procedures shall not be confined to the provisions of Article 32, Paragraph 3 of Article 33 and Article 79 of the present Provisions.

　　第八十一條　人民法院適用簡(jiǎn)易程序?qū)徖戆讣?，不受本解釋中第三十二條、第三十三條第三款和第七十九條規(guī)定的限制。

　　Article 82 Where any of the judicial interpretations made by this court in the past contradicts the present Provisions, the present Provisions shall prevail.

　　第八十二條　本院過去的司法解釋，與本規(guī)定不一致的，以本規(guī)定為準(zhǔn)。

　　Article 83 The present Provisions shall be implemented as of April 1, 2002. The present Provisions shall not be applicable to the cases of first instance, second instance or retrial that have not been ended by April 1, 2002.

　　As for the civil cases that have been heard prior to the implementation of the present Provisions, if any party requests for retrial on the ground that the hearing of the case was against the present Provisions, such request shall not be supported by the people’s court

　　The civil cases accepted for retrial after the implementation of the present Provisions and the people’s court hears the cases on the basis of the provisions of Article 184 of the Civil Procedure Law, the present Provisions shall apply.

　　第八十三條　本規(guī)定自2002年4月1日起施行。2002年4月1日尚未審結(jié)的一審、二審和再審民事案件不適用本規(guī)定。

　　本規(guī)定施行前已經(jīng)審理終結(jié)的民事案件，當(dāng)事人以違反本規(guī)定為由申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彽?，人民法院不予支持?/span>

　　本規(guī)定施行后受理的再審民事案件，人民法院依據(jù)《民事訴訟法》第一百八十四條的規(guī)定進(jìn)行審理的，適用本規(guī)定。