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同聲傳譯是指傳譯員利用專門的同聲傳譯設備，坐在隔音的同傳室（俗稱箱子）里，一面通過耳機收聽源語發(fā)言人連續(xù)不斷的講話，一面幾乎同步地對著話筒把講話人所表達的全部信息內(nèi)容準確、完整地傳譯成目的語，其譯語輸出通過話筒輸送。需要傳譯服務的與會者，可以通過接收裝置，調(diào)到自己所需的語言頻道，從耳機中收聽相應的譯語輸出。同聲傳譯的要求很高，然而除了足夠多的練習之外，要做好同傳還應該知道一些技巧，譯聲翻譯與大家分享幾條有關漢英同傳的翻譯技巧。
1.Anticipation預測
在發(fā)言人話說到一半時，預測到后半句可能要講的內(nèi)容，超前翻譯。預測要建立在豐富的經(jīng)驗上：
Linguistic anticipation語言預測：利用對句式結(jié)構和語言搭配的豐富經(jīng)驗，根據(jù)上半句的結(jié)構判斷出下半句的大體狀況。
Extra-linguistic anticipation語言外預測：利用對會議內(nèi)容的豐富經(jīng)驗，與對發(fā)言人語言基調(diào)的判斷，預測發(fā)言人的發(fā)言內(nèi)容。
例如：
1. 十三億人口的中國保持穩(wěn)定和加快發(fā)展，對促進亞太地區(qū)及世界的穩(wěn)定性和發(fā)展，具有極其重要的意義。
China has 1.3 billion people. To maintainits stability and accelerate its development is playing an important role in the stability and development in Asia-Pacific and the world atlarge.
根據(jù)漢語中對結(jié)構，譯員可以憑經(jīng)驗猜測后面大概是發(fā)揮作用、扮演角色一類的表述，故大膽讓英語中這個結(jié)構提前出現(xiàn)。
2. 我謹代表中國政府，并以我個人的名義，對各位來自英國的代表們表示熱烈的歡迎，并向所有關心中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的朋友們表示衷心的感謝!預祝本次大會取得圓滿成功!
On behalf of the Chinese Government, and in my personal name, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to the delegates from the UK. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all friends who are interested in China’s economic development. I wish this conference a complete success!
在每場會議都會出現(xiàn)類似用語。聽到對和向后就知道后面肯定是歡迎和致謝。
2.Paraphrasing意譯
在沒有百分之百聽懂源語時，為避免出現(xiàn)大段空白，或避免翻譯出現(xiàn)實質(zhì)性錯誤，應變翻譯為意譯，將困難局面模糊地應付過去。
例如：
某代表談到歐盟農(nóng)業(yè)政策時，說到If the CIF price of produce at the community border is below the guideline price as determined under the Common Market Organization, then a levy,
which is not a tariff duty, is imposed.
譯文：如果在歐盟邊境農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的CIF價格低于歐盟官方的指導價，則需征收一種特別稅。
這種意譯法雖然不是很到位，但總比勉強為之，反而譯錯了Common Market Organization和levy要好。
Stressing強調(diào)
1. 今天，專心致志進行現(xiàn)代化建設的中國人民，更加需要一個長期的和平國際環(huán)境和良好的周邊環(huán)境。
Today, the Chinese people who are committed to modernization need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring environment.
2. 這次訪問給予我一直以來都向往的機會，來親眼看一看中國人民取得的成就。
This visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought after to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people.
3.Simplification簡約
對于原文中出現(xiàn)的無法譯成目的語的材料或技術性較強的材料，通過省略一些源于中可有可無或者有違目的語表達習慣的結(jié)構，來爭取口譯時間，使譯語更通暢。
例子：
一、漢譯英時，省略重復冗余的修辭性表達。
1. 任何人不得將個人利益置于國家利益和社會利益之上。
Nobody shall place his own interests abovethose of the state and the society.
2. 中國一貫主張裁軍，反對一切軍備競賽，既反對常規(guī)軍備競賽，更反對核軍備競賽;既反對地面上的軍備競賽，也反對在太空進行的軍備競賽。
China consistently stands for disarmamentand is opposed to all kinds of arms race, conventional or nuclear, on theground or in outer space.
二、漢譯英時，省略次要的信息。
1. 我們應該牢牢把握中美關系的大局，妥善解決分歧，不斷朝著增進了解、擴大共識、發(fā)展合作、共創(chuàng)未來的目標前進。
We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of Sino-US relation and settle our differences properly so as to develop mutual understanding, cooperation and a better future.
2. 所有人都可以借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源來學習，不論他們是哪個民族、何種性別、何種膚色，只要他們可以接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，都能進行學習。
All can study with the help of Internet resources, regardless of their race, nationality, and gender, as long as they have access to the Internet.
4.Addition增補
漢譯英時，要適當增加一些起潤滑作用的虛詞，使譯語邏輯關系更明確。
例如：
1. 中國是一個有五千年文明歷x史的國家，從歷史文化來了解和認識中國，是一個重要的視角。
China is a country with 5,000 years ofcivilization. Therefore, to approach China from its history and culture forms an important perspective.
加Therefore使邏輯關系更明確。
幾天來，我同霍克總理和澳大利亞政府其他領導人進行了深入和有益的會談，同澳大利亞各界人士就能行了廣泛的接觸。我對中澳關系的前景更加滿懷信心。
In these past few days, I have heldin-depth and beneficial talks with Prime Minister Hawk and other leaders of the Australian Government, as well as met with Australian personnel of various walks of life. As a result, I am even more confident about the future of Sino-Australian relations.
加as well as和as a result使邏輯關系更明確。
2. 實踐已充分證明，廣東的發(fā)展離不開港澳，港澳的發(fā)展也離不開廣東，德江書記在今年春節(jié)前夕一次座談會上也降到：港澳好，廣東好；廣東好，港澳好。
It has been fully proved that Guangdong’sdevelopment couldn’t have been achieved without Hong Kong and Macau, while the development of Hong Kong and Macau couldn’t have been achieved without Guangdong either. Secretary Zhang Dejiang of the CPC Provincial Committee, in one of his meetings before the Spring Festival this year, also remarked, If Hong Kong and Macau are prosperous, Guangdong will be prosperous too. And vice versa.
補充了背景信息，并加強了各獨立結(jié)構之間的邏輯關系。
5.Conversion轉(zhuǎn)換
在英語中，動意常常用名詞來表達。在漢語中，動意常常用動詞結(jié)構來表達。
漢譯英時，常常要將漢語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的非動詞。
例子：
1. 總統(tǒng)批準增加撥款500萬美元，解決沙漠部隊飲水問題。
The president has approved an additional 5 million US dollars to provide the desert troops with drinking water.
2. 我此次訪問的范圍很廣。這表明我國政府認識到中國正在進行的現(xiàn)代化建設的重要性及其對兩國關系可能產(chǎn)生的影響。
The extentof my visit symbolizes my Government’s awareness of the importance of the modernization taking place in China and the implications of that for our relationship
3. 依靠市場力量和競爭，促進企業(yè)進取精神，在追求經(jīng)濟效率的過程中，這些已成為所有國家的共同點。
Reliance on market forces and competitiveness and promotion of entrepreneurial initiative in the pursuit of economic efficiency, have become common features of all countries.
6.Opposition反說
主被動變通(主動→被動)
英語中存在大量被動句，而漢語存在大量主動句。
例如：
品牌名稱是能看得見、能說出來、能寫出來的，而品牌標識是只能看得見而不能說出來的。（主動）
A brandname can be seen, spoken out and written out, while a brand logo can only beseen instead of being spoken out.（被動）
7.Generalization歸納
提前對內(nèi)容進行的預測性歸納：namely
對已經(jīng)完成的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)性歸納：among others, so on
漢譯英時，常常要將漢語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的非動詞。
例子：
沿海開放城市的任務是認真抓好現(xiàn)有企業(yè)技術改造，更新工藝技術，提高經(jīng)營管理水平，致力于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)。
The coastal open cities should fulfill these tasks: conscientiously carrying out transformationand upgrading of technologies, improving the management and making efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products.
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