Economic Development in Shenzhen 深圳市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展概況翻譯
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Part I Economic Development in Shenzhen 深圳市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展概況
Shenzhen has been in a leading position in the reform and open-up of China as well as the economic development among others across the country. Its GDP in 2006 reached 568.4 billion RMB, up by 15%. Over the recent years, with the efforts of the municipal government of Shenzhen in boosting the building of a harmonious and efficient Shenzhen, Shenzhen experiences further improvements in the quality and benefits of economic development, which are of such features as follows:
First, continued optimization of industry structure. During the past few years, a number of high-end projects were introduced in high and new technology sectors such as integrated circuit, flat panel display, compound semiconductor. New developments were made in electromechanical integration industry. The planning and construction of the national biological industry base, software export base and Baguang Fine Chemistry Park were progressing orderly. Competitiveness in traditional sectors with advantages such as top grade furniture, apparel, gold and jewelry were prominently improved. The building of industry convergence bases was pacing up and the industry chains were continually streaming up. 629.4 billion? RMB turnover was made from high and new technology products in 2006, with their mix under continuous optimization.
Second, a stable leading position in the country in innovation capability. Shenzhen is one of the most innovative cities in China. In 2006, the total investment in all sectors accounted for 3.4% of GDP. Patents applications numbered 29,728, up by 42%, which ranked the second place nationwide. Among them, the number of invention patent applications rose by 75.3%, ranking no. 1 all over the country and the number of PCT international patent applications took the first place as well. 58 products were awarded the title of famous brands of China, 21 trademarks awarded famous trademarks of China, and the PBXs made by Huawei and ZTE were selected as the Chinese products with world famous brands.
Third, complete supporting facilities to general infrastructure. Energetic efforts were taken in Shenzhen to drive the construction of major projects of general transportation and energy guarantee and growth of logistics, finance, conventions and exhibition, telecom and culture sectors. Advancements were made in the building of 114 key hub, functional and public infrastructures, e.g. Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKong special line for passenger carriage, Xiamen-Shenzhen railway, Longhua passenger transport center, etc. Shenzhen port stood firmly in the fourth place in term of container throughput in the world; Yantian Bonded Logistics Park was launched to better secure resources and energies and substantive progresses were made in its strategic cooperation with CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corp.) and CGNPG (China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group). All of them contributed to the construction of a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Shenzhen.
Fourth, continually rising dynamics of economic and social development. Operation mechanism transformation and reforms of personnel and distribution systems in state-owned enterprises were driven actively in Shenzhen. The state enterprises were leaders in the country with regard to economic efficiency indicators. The system and mechanism facilitating the private economy was perfected that accelerated and strengthened the growth of private economy. Great efforts were taken in implementing the walking out strategy that further optimized exports mix. Regional economic cooperation was boosted through active involvement in collaborations in infrastructure, energy, economy & trade, tourism and labor service in the Pan-Pearl River Delta to further enlarge the economic hinterland.
Fifth, leading living standard throughout the country. With high-speed economic development, the living quality of residents was improved and consumption activated. In 2006, Shenzhen ranked the no. 1 in top cities of high living quality, Registered unemployment rate of the City was restricted to as low as 2.31%; per capita GDP achieved 69,450 RMB, which was the highest among all large and medium-sized cities; per capita disposable income went up by 5% to 22,567 RMB; the total retail sales of consumer goods amounted to 167.1 billion RMB, up by 16.2%; and the residents’ investment and consumption weighed more and more heavy in the economic and social development.
Part II Current Development Status of the Financial Industry in Shenzhen 深圳市金融業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
Shenzhen, one of the key financial centers in south China, is leading the country in the open-up of financial market and product innovation, taking many no. 1 places ranked by indicators. Major domestic and foreign financial institutions have located their head offices or regional head offices in Shenzhen. Playing significantly supporting and driving roles in the economic and social development, finance is one of the three mainstay industries in Shenzhen.
First, high quality and benefit of growth of finance. Shenzhen’s finance stood in leading positions among large and medium-sized cities in China by major indicators with 6 breakthroughs made in 2006, which are: 1) deposits exceeded 1 trillion RMB to 1.06 trillion RMB; 2) trading volume in the capital market broke 3.5 trillion RMB to set a new record; 3) total volume of cash flow rallied above 30 trillion RMB and accounted for one tenth of the nation in total; 4) profits of the finance sector went beyond 20 billion RMB to 24.8 billion RMB recognized profits before tax; 5) total financial assets surpassed 1.5 trillion to 1.61 trillion RMB, ranking the fourth in the country; 6) added value in finance sector accounted for more than 10% of GDP, which indicate sound quality and benefit in the development of this sector.
Second, established modern financial organizational system with a rational structure and comprehensive functions. Diversification of the financial organizational system, the financial market system, the financial macro-control system and the financial regulatory system has been shaped in Shenzhen. So far, there are over 150 financial institutions of all sorts, including 60 banks and non-bank financial institutions, 17 securities companies, 17 fund management companies, 11 futures brokers, 43 insurance companies. And there are 135 insurance intermediary institutions as well as 193 guaranty companies. The 203 venture capitals take about 1/3 of the total in the country to rank Shenzhen one of the areas with the strongest convergence of the most active domestic venture capitals.
Third, energetic innovation and reform of finance. The construction of Shenzhen Financial Center District, the financial industry park and the back office of Hong Kong’s finance are advancing steadily. Positive outcomes were achieved in the building of the National Pilot Area for Insurance Innovation Development. The All-in-one Card of China Merchants Bank and Bi-weekly Repayment of personal loans of Shenzhen Development Bank both become the most influential new products in the sector. Individual financial NPD centers of ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) and CCB (China Construction Bank) have been launched in Shenzhen. Ping An Insurance continues to expand to be an active explorer for mixed operation in China’s financial sector.
Fourth, availability of policy environment suitable for financial development. Focuses are put on building Shenzhen into the A series of policies in support to the financial development were launched one after another over the years to create a positive policy environment and mechanism for the development of the finance sector, which include: Several Opinions of Shenzhen Municipality on Supporting Financial Development and its details regulations, Opinions concerning the Enhancement of Capital Market Development, Measures of Shenzhen Municipality of Selecting Winners of Financial Innovation Awards, and supporting development in the bank card sector, reform and innovative development in the financial sector, pilot areas for speeding up innovative development in the insurance sector, to name a few. The annual Financial Innovation Award as the first award in China co-sponsored by the Finance Office of a municipal government and the People’s Bank celebrated its tenth birthday.
Part III Research on Small Loan Market 小額貸款市場調(diào)研
The banks and companies that are now operating in small loan services include Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Ping An Bank, Xin An Easy Money and Zhong An Credit, etc.
I. Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank 深圳農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行
Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank (SRCB), founded on December 9, 2005 on the basis of the former Shenzhen Rural Credit Cooperative, now has 1,796 employees and 193 business offices. As at the end of 2005, SRCB owned 44 billion RMB total assets and 2.331 billion RMB net assets, and made 455 million RMB net profit, with 12.19% capital adequacy. As at Dec. 2006, SRCB’s nonperforming loan ratio was reduced to 7.51% while its adequacy rate of loan loss provision was 100%, and its principal financial indicators were at the leading levels amongst domestic commercial banks.
SRBC has been rooting itself in townships and villages in Shenzhen. Since 2000, it has positioned itself as a retail bank in the market to be committed to the building of Community Convenience Financial Station targeting mostly community members, community businesses and other SMEs. It is a major rival of the community bank of Postal Savings. As at Sept. 30, 2006, SME loans accounted for 89% of its corporate loans, and 60% of total loans. At present, SRBC’s SME loans are categorized into personal entrepreneurial loans and credit service for private enterprises, where the personal entrepreneurial loans are divided into three types by means of guaranty, i.e. loan on guarantee, loan on pledge and loan on mortgage. The basic information about the loan on guarantee which is similar to the small loan products launched by Postal Savings Bank is as follows:
1. The Applicant and Conditions
The applicant shall be a natural person with full civil capacity and registered residence in Shenzhen; the applicant must have registered residence and fixed domicile in Shenzhen; the applicant’s age plus the term of loan shall not exceed 65; the applicant has a stable source of income and capacity to repay principal and pay interest; the sum of the applicant’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge and non-mortgage loans with SRBC shall not exceed 500,000 RMB; the sum of the applicant’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge & non-mortgage loans and balance of external guarantee responsibility with all financial institutions shall not exceed 800,000 RMB; the applicant has no bad credit history; the application of a married applicant shall be made jointly by both the husband and the wife for a personal loan on guarantee of 100,000 RMB or above.
2. Conditions for the Guarantor
The guarantor must have registered residence and fixed domicile in Shenzhen; the guarantor shall have stable source of income and capacity of performing the debt payment for the applicant; the guarantor’s age plus the term of guarantee shall not exceed 65; the sum of the guarantor’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge & non-mortgage loans and balance of external guarantee responsibility with all financial institutions shall not exceed 800,000 RMB; the guarantor has no bad credit history.
3. Required Number of Guarantors
Two guarantors are required for application for a loan of 300,000 RMB or above by a customer in one of the Five Categories; At least one guarantor is required for application for a loan of below 300,000 RMB by a customer in one of the Five Categories; At least two guarantors are required for application for a loan of 100,000 RMB or above by a customer not in the Five Categories; at least one guarantor is required for application for a loan of below 100,000 RMB by a customer not in the Five Categories. (the Five Categories are original habitants, public servants, staff of non-profit organizations, staff of financial institutions, staff in monopoly industries and some technical professionals)
4. Line of Credit
The amount of personal loans on guarantee applied for by the same borrower shall not exceed 500,000 RMB.
5. Term of Loan
The term of revolving operating loan shall not exceed 2 years; the term of loan on fixed asset investment shall not exceed 5 years.
6. Repayment Methods
Monthly interest only (only applicable for less-than-one-year loans), average monthly capital plus interest, average monthly capital starting from the second year, average quarterly capital starting from the second year, etc.
7. Lending Rate
Fluctuating on the basis of base interest rate given by the People’s Bank of China (the tolerance is based on personal credit standing).
Currently, SRCB has completely suspended the entrepreneurial loan granting service and only personal loan for public servant is available at the base interest rate given by the People’s Bank of China.
II. Shenzhen Ping An Bank 深圳平安銀行
Shenzhen Ping An Bank (Ping An Bank) grew out of Shenzhen Commercial Bank and now is an important part of Ping An Group. Ping An Bank relies on the comprehensive financial service platform of Ping An Group to focus on individuals and SMEs. It is an active responder to the government’s call for helping SMEs overcome fund-raising problems.
Ping An Bank introduced a product line called Ying Dong Li last year to especially address funding problems encountered by SMEs. The required conditions for applying for Small Credit Loan, one of these products include: stable operation for 2 years or above, the term of no more than 1 year, the line of no more than 500,000 RMB, no pledge (mortgage), no corporate guarantee given by the third party, 13% interest rate plus 1% handling fee at that time, which is, some 14%.
The release process is similar to that of the Postal Savings Bank. However, the product is now suspended. According to some related staff of the bank, the product will be re-developed and promoted in the second half of this year.
III. Xin An Easy Money 信安易貸
Shenzhen Xin An Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (Xin An Easy Money) operates in agency services and undertakes marketing and recommendation to customers of personal consumer credit services as the sole agent of Pin An Trust Investment Co., Ltd. It started the trial of non-guarantee and non-mortgage small loans in Dec. 2005. Now it has 12 business offices (including the head office), of which 5 are in Bao’an and Longgang Districts and the rest in Shenzhen Special Zone.
Existing products are focused on proprietors and the working class:
1. Line of credit: no more than 5 times of monthly personal income, no more than 500,000 RMB for small businesses (very few customers are granted the line of 500,000 RMB). The first grant of credit to a new customer is no more than 40,000 RMB.
2. Lending rate: nominal monthly interest rate is 2.3%, but the actual annual interest rate gets to 47.5% as the repaid principal decreased by and by. Additionally, 2% handling fee is charged in a lump sum.
3. Release time: 3-5 days.
4. Investigation fee: 300-500 RMB per visit (which means the charge for visits paid by a customer manager for investigation at the expense of the customer)
5. Term of loan: 12-18 months
6. Means of guarantee: no guarantee, no mortgage
IV. Zhong An Credit 中安信業(yè)
Zhong An Credit is a financial service provider operating in small loan business for individuals, proprietors of small private businesses. Founded in 1993, it is originated from a former division of Pin An Insurance to carry out pawn broking and then try non-mortgage, non-guarantee small credit loan starting from 2004. It has 19 business offices, of which 4 in Baoan and Longgang, and 15 in the Special Zone. Each office is staffed with 6-25 persons dependent on its scale to assume four positions, i.e. business operator, reviewer, branch manager and teller. Now it has 350 employees.
Exiting products are designed for individuals, and micro proprietors to some extent who are restricted by the line of credit. In particular,
1. The line of credit to customers is 100,000-150,000 RMB in maximum, with average 20,000 RMB per loan.
2. Monthly rate is 1.3% and annual rate, 15.6%, with additional 2% risk management fee charged starting from the next month after the money is leased. A penalty will be imposed for early repayment with 2.5% monthly rate of the balance of outstanding part.
3. Term of loan: 12-18 months
4. Overdue rate: 6-8% for 1-30 days overdue，2-3% for 30-90 days overdue, over 90 days overdue is regarded as losses， of which the rate is less than 2%.
5. Means of guarantee: no guarantee, no mortgage
Shenzhen has been in a leading position in the reform and open-up of China as well as the economic development among others across the country. Its GDP in 2006 reached 568.4 billion RMB, up by 15%. Over the recent years, with the efforts of the municipal government of Shenzhen in boosting the building of a harmonious and efficient Shenzhen, Shenzhen experiences further improvements in the quality and benefits of economic development, which are of such features as follows:
First, continued optimization of industry structure. During the past few years, a number of high-end projects were introduced in high and new technology sectors such as integrated circuit, flat panel display, compound semiconductor. New developments were made in electromechanical integration industry. The planning and construction of the national biological industry base, software export base and Baguang Fine Chemistry Park were progressing orderly. Competitiveness in traditional sectors with advantages such as top grade furniture, apparel, gold and jewelry were prominently improved. The building of industry convergence bases was pacing up and the industry chains were continually streaming up. 629.4 billion? RMB turnover was made from high and new technology products in 2006, with their mix under continuous optimization.
Second, a stable leading position in the country in innovation capability. Shenzhen is one of the most innovative cities in China. In 2006, the total investment in all sectors accounted for 3.4% of GDP. Patents applications numbered 29,728, up by 42%, which ranked the second place nationwide. Among them, the number of invention patent applications rose by 75.3%, ranking no. 1 all over the country and the number of PCT international patent applications took the first place as well. 58 products were awarded the title of famous brands of China, 21 trademarks awarded famous trademarks of China, and the PBXs made by Huawei and ZTE were selected as the Chinese products with world famous brands.
Third, complete supporting facilities to general infrastructure. Energetic efforts were taken in Shenzhen to drive the construction of major projects of general transportation and energy guarantee and growth of logistics, finance, conventions and exhibition, telecom and culture sectors. Advancements were made in the building of 114 key hub, functional and public infrastructures, e.g. Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKong special line for passenger carriage, Xiamen-Shenzhen railway, Longhua passenger transport center, etc. Shenzhen port stood firmly in the fourth place in term of container throughput in the world; Yantian Bonded Logistics Park was launched to better secure resources and energies and substantive progresses were made in its strategic cooperation with CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corp.) and CGNPG (China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group). All of them contributed to the construction of a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Shenzhen.
Fourth, continually rising dynamics of economic and social development. Operation mechanism transformation and reforms of personnel and distribution systems in state-owned enterprises were driven actively in Shenzhen. The state enterprises were leaders in the country with regard to economic efficiency indicators. The system and mechanism facilitating the private economy was perfected that accelerated and strengthened the growth of private economy. Great efforts were taken in implementing the walking out strategy that further optimized exports mix. Regional economic cooperation was boosted through active involvement in collaborations in infrastructure, energy, economy & trade, tourism and labor service in the Pan-Pearl River Delta to further enlarge the economic hinterland.
Fifth, leading living standard throughout the country. With high-speed economic development, the living quality of residents was improved and consumption activated. In 2006, Shenzhen ranked the no. 1 in top cities of high living quality, Registered unemployment rate of the City was restricted to as low as 2.31%; per capita GDP achieved 69,450 RMB, which was the highest among all large and medium-sized cities; per capita disposable income went up by 5% to 22,567 RMB; the total retail sales of consumer goods amounted to 167.1 billion RMB, up by 16.2%; and the residents’ investment and consumption weighed more and more heavy in the economic and social development.
Part II Current Development Status of the Financial Industry in Shenzhen 深圳市金融業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
Shenzhen, one of the key financial centers in south China, is leading the country in the open-up of financial market and product innovation, taking many no. 1 places ranked by indicators. Major domestic and foreign financial institutions have located their head offices or regional head offices in Shenzhen. Playing significantly supporting and driving roles in the economic and social development, finance is one of the three mainstay industries in Shenzhen.
First, high quality and benefit of growth of finance. Shenzhen’s finance stood in leading positions among large and medium-sized cities in China by major indicators with 6 breakthroughs made in 2006, which are: 1) deposits exceeded 1 trillion RMB to 1.06 trillion RMB; 2) trading volume in the capital market broke 3.5 trillion RMB to set a new record; 3) total volume of cash flow rallied above 30 trillion RMB and accounted for one tenth of the nation in total; 4) profits of the finance sector went beyond 20 billion RMB to 24.8 billion RMB recognized profits before tax; 5) total financial assets surpassed 1.5 trillion to 1.61 trillion RMB, ranking the fourth in the country; 6) added value in finance sector accounted for more than 10% of GDP, which indicate sound quality and benefit in the development of this sector.
Second, established modern financial organizational system with a rational structure and comprehensive functions. Diversification of the financial organizational system, the financial market system, the financial macro-control system and the financial regulatory system has been shaped in Shenzhen. So far, there are over 150 financial institutions of all sorts, including 60 banks and non-bank financial institutions, 17 securities companies, 17 fund management companies, 11 futures brokers, 43 insurance companies. And there are 135 insurance intermediary institutions as well as 193 guaranty companies. The 203 venture capitals take about 1/3 of the total in the country to rank Shenzhen one of the areas with the strongest convergence of the most active domestic venture capitals.
Third, energetic innovation and reform of finance. The construction of Shenzhen Financial Center District, the financial industry park and the back office of Hong Kong’s finance are advancing steadily. Positive outcomes were achieved in the building of the National Pilot Area for Insurance Innovation Development. The All-in-one Card of China Merchants Bank and Bi-weekly Repayment of personal loans of Shenzhen Development Bank both become the most influential new products in the sector. Individual financial NPD centers of ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) and CCB (China Construction Bank) have been launched in Shenzhen. Ping An Insurance continues to expand to be an active explorer for mixed operation in China’s financial sector.
Fourth, availability of policy environment suitable for financial development. Focuses are put on building Shenzhen into the A series of policies in support to the financial development were launched one after another over the years to create a positive policy environment and mechanism for the development of the finance sector, which include: Several Opinions of Shenzhen Municipality on Supporting Financial Development and its details regulations, Opinions concerning the Enhancement of Capital Market Development, Measures of Shenzhen Municipality of Selecting Winners of Financial Innovation Awards, and supporting development in the bank card sector, reform and innovative development in the financial sector, pilot areas for speeding up innovative development in the insurance sector, to name a few. The annual Financial Innovation Award as the first award in China co-sponsored by the Finance Office of a municipal government and the People’s Bank celebrated its tenth birthday.
Part III Research on Small Loan Market 小額貸款市場調(diào)研
The banks and companies that are now operating in small loan services include Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Ping An Bank, Xin An Easy Money and Zhong An Credit, etc.
I. Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank 深圳農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行
Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank (SRCB), founded on December 9, 2005 on the basis of the former Shenzhen Rural Credit Cooperative, now has 1,796 employees and 193 business offices. As at the end of 2005, SRCB owned 44 billion RMB total assets and 2.331 billion RMB net assets, and made 455 million RMB net profit, with 12.19% capital adequacy. As at Dec. 2006, SRCB’s nonperforming loan ratio was reduced to 7.51% while its adequacy rate of loan loss provision was 100%, and its principal financial indicators were at the leading levels amongst domestic commercial banks.
SRBC has been rooting itself in townships and villages in Shenzhen. Since 2000, it has positioned itself as a retail bank in the market to be committed to the building of Community Convenience Financial Station targeting mostly community members, community businesses and other SMEs. It is a major rival of the community bank of Postal Savings. As at Sept. 30, 2006, SME loans accounted for 89% of its corporate loans, and 60% of total loans. At present, SRBC’s SME loans are categorized into personal entrepreneurial loans and credit service for private enterprises, where the personal entrepreneurial loans are divided into three types by means of guaranty, i.e. loan on guarantee, loan on pledge and loan on mortgage. The basic information about the loan on guarantee which is similar to the small loan products launched by Postal Savings Bank is as follows:
1. The Applicant and Conditions
The applicant shall be a natural person with full civil capacity and registered residence in Shenzhen; the applicant must have registered residence and fixed domicile in Shenzhen; the applicant’s age plus the term of loan shall not exceed 65; the applicant has a stable source of income and capacity to repay principal and pay interest; the sum of the applicant’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge and non-mortgage loans with SRBC shall not exceed 500,000 RMB; the sum of the applicant’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge & non-mortgage loans and balance of external guarantee responsibility with all financial institutions shall not exceed 800,000 RMB; the applicant has no bad credit history; the application of a married applicant shall be made jointly by both the husband and the wife for a personal loan on guarantee of 100,000 RMB or above.
2. Conditions for the Guarantor
The guarantor must have registered residence and fixed domicile in Shenzhen; the guarantor shall have stable source of income and capacity of performing the debt payment for the applicant; the guarantor’s age plus the term of guarantee shall not exceed 65; the sum of the guarantor’s existing credit, balance of loan on guarantee and credit line of non-pledge & non-mortgage loans and balance of external guarantee responsibility with all financial institutions shall not exceed 800,000 RMB; the guarantor has no bad credit history.
3. Required Number of Guarantors
Two guarantors are required for application for a loan of 300,000 RMB or above by a customer in one of the Five Categories; At least one guarantor is required for application for a loan of below 300,000 RMB by a customer in one of the Five Categories; At least two guarantors are required for application for a loan of 100,000 RMB or above by a customer not in the Five Categories; at least one guarantor is required for application for a loan of below 100,000 RMB by a customer not in the Five Categories. (the Five Categories are original habitants, public servants, staff of non-profit organizations, staff of financial institutions, staff in monopoly industries and some technical professionals)
4. Line of Credit
The amount of personal loans on guarantee applied for by the same borrower shall not exceed 500,000 RMB.
5. Term of Loan
The term of revolving operating loan shall not exceed 2 years; the term of loan on fixed asset investment shall not exceed 5 years.
6. Repayment Methods
Monthly interest only (only applicable for less-than-one-year loans), average monthly capital plus interest, average monthly capital starting from the second year, average quarterly capital starting from the second year, etc.
7. Lending Rate
Fluctuating on the basis of base interest rate given by the People’s Bank of China (the tolerance is based on personal credit standing).
Currently, SRCB has completely suspended the entrepreneurial loan granting service and only personal loan for public servant is available at the base interest rate given by the People’s Bank of China.
II. Shenzhen Ping An Bank 深圳平安銀行
Shenzhen Ping An Bank (Ping An Bank) grew out of Shenzhen Commercial Bank and now is an important part of Ping An Group. Ping An Bank relies on the comprehensive financial service platform of Ping An Group to focus on individuals and SMEs. It is an active responder to the government’s call for helping SMEs overcome fund-raising problems.
Ping An Bank introduced a product line called Ying Dong Li last year to especially address funding problems encountered by SMEs. The required conditions for applying for Small Credit Loan, one of these products include: stable operation for 2 years or above, the term of no more than 1 year, the line of no more than 500,000 RMB, no pledge (mortgage), no corporate guarantee given by the third party, 13% interest rate plus 1% handling fee at that time, which is, some 14%.
The release process is similar to that of the Postal Savings Bank. However, the product is now suspended. According to some related staff of the bank, the product will be re-developed and promoted in the second half of this year.
III. Xin An Easy Money 信安易貸
Shenzhen Xin An Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (Xin An Easy Money) operates in agency services and undertakes marketing and recommendation to customers of personal consumer credit services as the sole agent of Pin An Trust Investment Co., Ltd. It started the trial of non-guarantee and non-mortgage small loans in Dec. 2005. Now it has 12 business offices (including the head office), of which 5 are in Bao’an and Longgang Districts and the rest in Shenzhen Special Zone.
Existing products are focused on proprietors and the working class:
1. Line of credit: no more than 5 times of monthly personal income, no more than 500,000 RMB for small businesses (very few customers are granted the line of 500,000 RMB). The first grant of credit to a new customer is no more than 40,000 RMB.
2. Lending rate: nominal monthly interest rate is 2.3%, but the actual annual interest rate gets to 47.5% as the repaid principal decreased by and by. Additionally, 2% handling fee is charged in a lump sum.
3. Release time: 3-5 days.
4. Investigation fee: 300-500 RMB per visit (which means the charge for visits paid by a customer manager for investigation at the expense of the customer)
5. Term of loan: 12-18 months
6. Means of guarantee: no guarantee, no mortgage
IV. Zhong An Credit 中安信業(yè)
Zhong An Credit is a financial service provider operating in small loan business for individuals, proprietors of small private businesses. Founded in 1993, it is originated from a former division of Pin An Insurance to carry out pawn broking and then try non-mortgage, non-guarantee small credit loan starting from 2004. It has 19 business offices, of which 4 in Baoan and Longgang, and 15 in the Special Zone. Each office is staffed with 6-25 persons dependent on its scale to assume four positions, i.e. business operator, reviewer, branch manager and teller. Now it has 350 employees.
Exiting products are designed for individuals, and micro proprietors to some extent who are restricted by the line of credit. In particular,
1. The line of credit to customers is 100,000-150,000 RMB in maximum, with average 20,000 RMB per loan.
2. Monthly rate is 1.3% and annual rate, 15.6%, with additional 2% risk management fee charged starting from the next month after the money is leased. A penalty will be imposed for early repayment with 2.5% monthly rate of the balance of outstanding part.
3. Term of loan: 12-18 months
4. Overdue rate: 6-8% for 1-30 days overdue，2-3% for 30-90 days overdue, over 90 days overdue is regarded as losses， of which the rate is less than 2%.
5. Means of guarantee: no guarantee, no mortgage
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問：請問貴司的筆譯范圍？
答：筆譯翻譯又稱人工筆頭翻譯, 既通過文字形式的翻譯轉(zhuǎn)換, 把源語言翻譯成目標(biāo)語言, 是當(dāng)今全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展, 政治文化交流的主要方式, 筆譯通過文字展現(xiàn)方式, 使全世界上千種語言能夠互通有無, 每天都有數(shù)以億計(jì)的文字被翻譯或轉(zhuǎn)譯, 筆譯肩負(fù)著世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展的重任, 是各國各民族的文化大使, 我們的筆譯領(lǐng)域涉及十大類專業(yè)領(lǐng)域和五百多種不同的分領(lǐng)域。
問：是否可以請高校教師、學(xué)者或?qū)W生翻譯？
答：絕對不能，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自負(fù)。許多公司在尋找譯者時(shí)，首先想到的是當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)?；虼髮W(xué)的外語院系。有時(shí)，這種做法對于供內(nèi)部使用的翻譯可能有效，即，您只想了解文件大意，但對于正式的公司宣傳材料、手冊或者合同文檔而言，這樣做卻風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大。外語教學(xué)需要有特殊的技能，但這些技能卻與翻譯一篇流利、優(yōu)美的文章所需的技能完全不同。讓學(xué)生來做翻譯看起來經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高，因?yàn)樗麄兒翢o實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，翻譯出來的文件基本無法使用。
問：翻譯交稿時(shí)間周期為多長?
答：翻譯交稿時(shí)間與您的文件大小以及復(fù)雜程度有關(guān)。每個(gè)專業(yè)譯者的正常翻譯速度為3000-4000中文字/天，對于加急的大型項(xiàng)目，我們將安排多名譯員進(jìn)行翻譯，由項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理將文件拆分成若干文件，分配給不同的譯員進(jìn)行翻譯，翻譯后由項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理進(jìn)行文件的合并，并經(jīng)統(tǒng)一術(shù)語、審校、質(zhì)控、排版等翻譯流程，最終交付給客戶。
問：提供一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的網(wǎng)址，能夠給出翻譯報(bào)價(jià)嗎?
答：對于網(wǎng)站翻譯，如果您能提供網(wǎng)站的FTP，或您從后臺(tái)將整個(gè)網(wǎng)站下載打包給我們，我們可在10分鐘內(nèi)給出精確報(bào)價(jià)。同時(shí)，只要您提供原始網(wǎng)頁文件，我們會(huì)提供給您格式與原網(wǎng)頁完全一致的目標(biāo)語言版本，可以直接上線使用，省卻您的改版時(shí)間。
問：為什么標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號也要算翻譯字?jǐn)?shù)？
答：①根據(jù)中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T 19363.1-2003 對翻譯行業(yè)服務(wù)規(guī)范的要求，中文字?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)是以不計(jì)空格字符數(shù)為計(jì)算單位的。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號算翻譯字?jǐn)?shù)是統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
②標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在不同的語種中，有不同的表達(dá)方式，例如中文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號大多是全角的，英文的無特殊設(shè)置都是半角的，而且如果一句話或一段內(nèi)容夾雜兩種不同的語言，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的規(guī)則就相對復(fù)雜，對于翻譯文件來說，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的部分也是很費(fèi)時(shí)。
③另外，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在句子中對句子語境等的限制因素，使得標(biāo)點(diǎn)對句子、對譯員翻譯判斷等起到一定的要求。所以，該部分也要計(jì)算在內(nèi)。
④可能我們平時(shí)不是很注重標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，其實(shí)在文字表達(dá)中，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的重要不亞于單字單詞，一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號可以改變?nèi)湓挼囊馑?，而我們的工作也是做到了這一點(diǎn)，保證每個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的準(zhǔn)確，保證譯文表達(dá)的意思和原文一樣。
問：需要與你們公司什么人接洽翻譯業(yè)務(wù)呢？
答：我們公司采取專屬客服服務(wù)模式。為企業(yè)客戶配備專屬客服，一對一溝通具體翻譯需求，組建專屬譯員團(tuán)隊(duì)。
問：為何每家翻譯公司的報(bào)價(jià)不一樣?
答：大家都知道一分價(jià)格一分貨，在翻譯行業(yè)里更為突出，譯員的水平是劃分等級的。新開的翻譯公司或不具備翻譯資質(zhì)的公司為了搶占市場，惡意攪亂，以次充好，低價(jià)吸引客戶。
問：為什么數(shù)字、字母也要算翻譯字?jǐn)?shù)？
答：根據(jù)中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T 19363.1-2003 對翻譯行業(yè)服務(wù)規(guī)范的要求，中文字?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)是以不計(jì)空格字符數(shù)為計(jì)算單位的。而數(shù)字、字母也是包含在其中。而對翻譯公司來說，數(shù)字和字母也要算翻譯字?jǐn)?shù)的原因還包括以下兩個(gè)方面：
首先，我們的收費(fèi)都是根據(jù)國家頒布的翻譯服務(wù)規(guī)范來收取翻譯費(fèi)用，對待收費(fèi)我們都是統(tǒng)一對待的，其次，數(shù)字和字母也是文章中的一部分，特別是在一些商務(wù)文件中，數(shù)字就是文件的主題，所以也是一樣要收費(fèi)的。
另外，純數(shù)字字母需要核對、錄入，比翻譯一個(gè)詞語更麻煩，翻譯是大腦里面概念形成的，而純數(shù)字字母是要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)暮藢?、錄入才能?shí)現(xiàn)的，這將會(huì)花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間，所以我們會(huì)把數(shù)字和字母也算成字?jǐn)?shù)。
但是有一種情況除外，如審計(jì)報(bào)告里面那種數(shù)據(jù)很多而且又不需要我們翻譯可以直接保留的，這部分我們可以不計(jì)算在內(nèi)。
問：請問貴司每天的翻譯量是多少？
答：我們公司最高翻譯記錄為一天翻譯50萬字。原則上我們會(huì)在約定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，但是時(shí)間和質(zhì)量是成正比的，慢工才能出細(xì)活，我們建議在時(shí)間允許的情況下，盡量給譯員充足的翻譯時(shí)間，以便交付優(yōu)質(zhì)的譯文。
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