美國(guó)憲法修正案翻譯——英漢對(duì)照

　　目前美國(guó)憲法共存在27個(gè)有效的修正案。其中，最初的10個(gè)修正案是一次性被通過的，因?yàn)槠渲饕?guī)定了人民的權(quán)利和對(duì)政府的限制，因此被統(tǒng)稱為權(quán)利法案。此后的17個(gè)修正案則是逐次獲得通過的。

　　First Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第一修正案

　　Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

　　國(guó)會(huì)不得制定關(guān)于下列事項(xiàng)的法律：確立國(guó)教或禁止信教自由;剝奪言論自由或出版自由;或剝奪人民和平集會(huì)和向政府請(qǐng)?jiān)干煸┑臋?quán)利。

　　Second Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二修正案

　　A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

　　管理良好的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，因此人民持有和攜帶武器的權(quán)利不得侵犯。

　　Third Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第三修正案

　　No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

　　任何兵士，在和平時(shí)期，未得屋主的許可，不得居住民房;在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，除非照法律規(guī)定行事，亦一概不得自行占住。

　　Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第四修正案

　　The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

　　任何公民的人身、住宅、文件和財(cái)產(chǎn)不受無理搜查和查封，沒有合理事實(shí)依據(jù)，不能簽發(fā)搜查令和逮捕令，搜查令必須具體描述清楚要搜查的地點(diǎn)、需要搜查和查封的具體文件和物品，逮捕令必須具體描述清楚要逮捕的人。

　　Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第五修正案

　　No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

　　無論何人，除非根據(jù)大陪審團(tuán)的報(bào)告或起訴書，不受死罪或其他重罪的審判，但發(fā)生在陸、海軍中或發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)或出現(xiàn)公共危險(xiǎn)時(shí)服役的民兵中的案件除外。任何人不得因同一犯罪行為而兩次遭受生命或身體的危害;不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自證其罪;不經(jīng)正當(dāng)法律程序，不得被剝奪生命、自由或財(cái)產(chǎn)。不給與公平賠償，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)不得充作公用。

　　Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第六修正案

　　In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

　　在一切刑事訴訟中，被告有權(quán)由犯罪行為發(fā)生地的州和地區(qū)的公正陪審團(tuán)予以迅速和公開的審判，該地區(qū)應(yīng)事先已由法律確定;得知控告的性質(zhì)和理由;同原告證人對(duì)質(zhì);以強(qiáng)制程序取得對(duì)其有利的證人;并取得律師幫助為其辯護(hù)。

　　Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第七修正案

　　In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

　　在普通法的訴訟中，其爭(zhēng)執(zhí)價(jià)額超過二十美元，由陪審團(tuán)審判的權(quán)利應(yīng)受到保護(hù)。由陪審團(tuán)裁決的事實(shí)，合眾國(guó)的任何法院除非按照普通法規(guī)則，不得重新審查。

　　Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第八修正案

　　Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

　　不得要求過多的保釋金，不得處以過重的罰金，不得是假殘酷和非常的懲罰。

　　Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第九修正案

　　The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

　　本憲法對(duì)某些權(quán)利的列舉，不得被解釋為否定或輕視由人民保留的其他權(quán)利。

　　Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十修正案

　　The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

　　憲法未授予合眾國(guó)、也未禁止各州行使的權(quán)力，由各州各自保留，或由人民保留。

　　以上十條憲法修正案統(tǒng)稱為《權(quán)利法案》，于1789年9月25日提出，1791年，12月15日批準(zhǔn)。

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　　Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十一修正案[1794年3月4日提出，1795年2月7日批準(zhǔn)]

　　The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

　　合眾國(guó)的司法權(quán)，不得被解釋為適用于由他州公民或任何外國(guó)公民或過敏對(duì)合眾國(guó)一州提出的或起訴的任何普通法或衡平法的訴訟。

　　Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十二修正案[1803年12月9日提出，1804年7月27日批準(zhǔn)]

　　The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate.

　　The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted.

　　The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.

　　The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

　　選舉人在各自州內(nèi)集會(huì)，投票選舉總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)，其中至少有一人不是選舉人本州的居民。選舉人須在選票上寫明被選為總統(tǒng)之人的姓名，并在另一選票上寫明校選為副總統(tǒng)之人的姓名。選舉人須將所有被選為總統(tǒng)之人和所有被選為副總統(tǒng)之人分別開列名單，寫明每人所得票數(shù);在該名單上簽名作證，將封印后的名單送合眾國(guó)政府所在地，交參議院議長(zhǎng)收。

　　參議院議長(zhǎng)在參議院和眾議院全體議員面前開拆所有證明書，然后計(jì)算票數(shù)。獲得總統(tǒng)選票最多的人，如所得票數(shù)超過所選派選舉人總數(shù)的半數(shù)，即為總統(tǒng)。如無人獲得這種過半數(shù)票，眾議院應(yīng)立即從被選為總統(tǒng)之人名單中得票最多的但不超過三人中間，投票選舉總統(tǒng)。但選舉總統(tǒng)時(shí)，以州為單位計(jì)票，每州代表有一票表決權(quán)。三分之二的州各有一名或多名眾議員出席，即構(gòu)成選舉總統(tǒng)的法定人數(shù)，選出總統(tǒng)需要所有州的過半數(shù)票。[當(dāng)選舉總統(tǒng)的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移到眾議院時(shí)，如該院在次年三月四日前尚未選出總統(tǒng)，則由副總統(tǒng)代理總統(tǒng)，如同總統(tǒng)死亡或憲法規(guī)定的其他喪失任職能力的情況一樣。]

　　得副總統(tǒng)選票最多的人，如所得票數(shù)超過所選派選舉人總數(shù)的半數(shù)，即為副總統(tǒng)。如無人得過半數(shù)票，參議院應(yīng)從名單上得票最多的兩人中選舉副總統(tǒng)。選舉副總統(tǒng)的法定人數(shù)由參議員總數(shù)的三分之二構(gòu)成，選出副總統(tǒng)需要參議員總數(shù)的過半數(shù)票。但依憲法無資格擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)的人，也無資格擔(dān)任合眾國(guó)副總統(tǒng)。

　　Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十三修正案[1865年1月31日提出，1865年12月6日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

　　Section 2. 第二款

　　Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　第一款 在合眾國(guó)境內(nèi)受合眾國(guó)管轄的任何地方，奴隸制和強(qiáng)制勞役都不得存在，但作為對(duì)于依法判罪的人的犯罪的懲罰除外。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十四修正案[1866年6月13日提出，1868年7月9日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

　　Section 2. 第二款

　　Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

　　Section 3.第三款

　　No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

　　Section 4.第四款

　　The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

　　Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

　　第一款 所有在合眾國(guó)出生或歸化合眾國(guó)并受其管轄的人，都是合眾國(guó)的和他們居住州的公民。任何一州，都不得制定或?qū)嵤┫拗坪媳妵?guó)公民的特權(quán)或豁免權(quán)的任何法律;不經(jīng)正當(dāng)法律程序，不得剝奪任何人的生命、自由或財(cái)產(chǎn);在州管轄范圍內(nèi)，也不得拒絕給予任何人以平等法律保護(hù)。

　　第二款 眾議員名額，應(yīng)按各州人口比例進(jìn)行分配，此人口數(shù)包括一州的全部人口數(shù)，但不包括未被征稅的印第安人。但在選舉合眾國(guó)總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)選舉人、國(guó)會(huì)眾議員、州行政和司法官員或州議會(huì)議員的任何選舉中，一州的[年滿二十一歲]并且是合眾國(guó)公民的任何男性居民，除因參加叛亂或其他犯罪外，如其選舉權(quán)道到拒絕或受到任何方式的限制，則該州代表權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)按以上男性公民的人數(shù)同該州年滿二十一歲男性公民總?cè)藬?shù)的比例予以削減。

　　第三款 無論何人，凡先前曾以國(guó)會(huì)議員、或合眾國(guó)官員、或任何州議會(huì)議員、或任何州行政或司法官員的身份宣誓維護(hù)合眾國(guó)憲法，以后又對(duì)合眾國(guó)作亂或反叛，或給予合眾國(guó)敵人幫助或鼓勵(lì)，都不得擔(dān)任國(guó)會(huì)參議員或眾議員、或總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)選舉人，或擔(dān)任合眾國(guó)或任何州屬下的任何文職或軍職官員。但國(guó)會(huì)得以兩院各三分之二的票數(shù)取消此種限制。

　　第四款 對(duì)于法律批準(zhǔn)的合眾國(guó)公共債務(wù)，包括因支付平定作亂或反叛有功人員的年金和獎(jiǎng)金而產(chǎn)生的債務(wù)，其效力不得有所懷疑。但無論合眾國(guó)或任何一州，都不得承擔(dān)或償付因援助對(duì)合眾國(guó)的作亂或反叛而產(chǎn)生的任何債務(wù)或義務(wù)，或因喪失或解放任何奴隸而提出的任何賠償要求;所有這類債務(wù)、義務(wù)和要求，都應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是非法和無效的。

　　第五款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條規(guī)定。

　　Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十五修正案[1869年2月26日提出，1870年2月3日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　第一款 合眾國(guó)公民的選舉權(quán)，不得因種族、膚色或以前是奴隸而被合眾國(guó)或任何一州加以拒絕或限制。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十六修正案[1909年7月12日提出，1913年2月3日批準(zhǔn)]

　　The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

　　國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)對(duì)任何來源的收入規(guī)定和征收所得稅，無須在各州按比例進(jìn)行分配，也無須考慮任何人口普查或人口統(tǒng)計(jì)。

　　Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十七修正案[1912年5月13日提出，1913年4月8日批準(zhǔn)]

　　The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

　　When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

　　This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

　　合眾國(guó)參議院由每州人民選舉的兩名參議員組成，任期六年;每名參議員有一票表決權(quán)。每個(gè)州的選舉人應(yīng)具備該州州議會(huì)人數(shù)最多一院選舉人所必需的資格。

　　任何一州在參議院的代表出現(xiàn)缺額時(shí)，該州行政當(dāng)局應(yīng)發(fā)布選舉令，以填補(bǔ)此項(xiàng)缺額。但任何一州的議會(huì)，在人民依該議會(huì)指示舉行選舉填補(bǔ)缺額以前，得授權(quán)本州行政長(zhǎng)官任命臨時(shí)參議員。

　　本條修正案不得作如此解釋，以致影響在本條修正案作為憲法的一部分生效以前當(dāng)選的任何參議員的選舉或任期。

　　Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十八修正案[1917年12月18日提出，1919年1月16日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　Section 3.第三款

　　This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

　　第一款 本條批準(zhǔn)一年后，禁止在合眾國(guó)及其管轄下的一切領(lǐng)土內(nèi)釀造、出售和運(yùn)送作為飲料的致醉酒類;禁止此類酒類輸入或輸出合眾國(guó)及其管轄下的一切領(lǐng)土。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)和各州都有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　第三款 本條除非在國(guó)會(huì)將其提交各州之日起七年以內(nèi)，由各州議會(huì)按本憲法規(guī)定批準(zhǔn)為憲法修正案，不得發(fā)生效力。

　　Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第十九修正案[1919年6月4日提出，1920年8月18日批準(zhǔn)]

　　The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

　　Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　合眾國(guó)公民的選舉權(quán)，不得因性別而校合眾國(guó)或任何一州加以拒絕或限制。

　　國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十修正案[1933年3月2日提出，1933年1月23日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

　　Section 3.第三款

　　If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

　　Section 4.第四款

　　The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

　　Section 5.第五款

　　Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

　　Section 6.第六款

　　This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

　　第一款 總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的任期應(yīng)在本條未獲批準(zhǔn)前原定任期屆滿之年的一月二十日正午結(jié)束，參議員和眾議員的任期在本條未獲批準(zhǔn)前原定任期屆滿之年的一月三日正午結(jié)束，他們繼任人的任期在同時(shí)開始。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)每年至少應(yīng)開會(huì)一次，除國(guó)會(huì)以法律另訂日期外，此會(huì)議在一月三日正午開始。

　　第三款 如當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)在規(guī)定總統(tǒng)任期開始的時(shí)間已經(jīng)死亡，當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)成為總統(tǒng)。如在規(guī)定總統(tǒng)任期開始的時(shí)間以前，總統(tǒng)尚未選出，或當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)不合乎資格，則當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)代理總統(tǒng)直到 一名總統(tǒng)已合乎資格時(shí)為止。在當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)和當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)都不合乎資格時(shí)，國(guó)會(huì)得以法律規(guī)定代理總統(tǒng)之人，或宣布選出代理總統(tǒng)的辦法。此人應(yīng)代理總統(tǒng)直到一名總統(tǒng)或副總統(tǒng)合乎資格時(shí)為止。

　　第四款 國(guó)會(huì)得以法律對(duì)以下情況作出規(guī)定：在選舉總統(tǒng)的權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)移到眾議院時(shí)，而可被該院選為總統(tǒng)的人中有人死亡;在選舉副總統(tǒng)的權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)移到參議院時(shí)，而可被該院選為副總統(tǒng)的人中有人死亡。

　　第五款 第一款和第二款應(yīng)在本條批準(zhǔn)以后的十月十五日生效。

　　第六款 本條除非在其提交各州之日起七年以內(nèi)，自四分之三州議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)為憲法修正案，不得發(fā)生效力。

　　Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十一修正案[1933年2月20日提出，1933年12月5日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

　　Section 3.第三款

　　This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

　　第一款 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)憲法修正案第十八條現(xiàn)予廢除。

　　第二款 在合眾國(guó)任何州、領(lǐng)地或?qū)俚貎?nèi)，凡違反當(dāng)?shù)胤蔀樵诋?dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)貨或使用而運(yùn)送或輸入致醉酒類，均予以禁止。

　　第三款 本條除非在國(guó)會(huì)將其提交各州之日起七年以內(nèi)，由各州制憲會(huì)議依本憲法規(guī)定批準(zhǔn)為憲法修正案，不得發(fā)生效力。

　　Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十二修正案[1947年3月24日提出，1951年2月27日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

　　第一款 無論何人，當(dāng)選擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)不得超過兩次;無論何人，在他人當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)或代理總統(tǒng)兩年以上，不得當(dāng)選擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)一次以上。但本條不適用于在國(guó)會(huì)提出本條時(shí)正在擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的任何人;也不妨礙本條在一屆總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)生效時(shí)正在擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)或代理總統(tǒng)的任何人，在此屆任期結(jié)束前繼續(xù)擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)職務(wù)或代理總統(tǒng)。

　　第二款 本條除非在國(guó)會(huì)將其提交各州之日起七年以內(nèi)，由四分之三州議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)為憲法修正案，不得發(fā)生效力。

　　Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十三修正案[1960年6月16日提出，1961年3月29日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:

　　A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　第一款 合眾國(guó)政府所在的特區(qū)，應(yīng)依國(guó)會(huì)規(guī)定方式選派：一定數(shù)目的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)選舉人，其人數(shù)如同特區(qū)是一個(gè)州一樣，等于它在國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)擁有的參議員和眾議員人數(shù)的總和，但不得超過人口最少之州的選舉人人數(shù)。他們是在各州所選派的舉人以外增添的人，但為了選舉總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的目的，應(yīng)被視為一個(gè)州選派的選舉人;他們?cè)谔貐^(qū)集會(huì)，履行第十二條修正案所規(guī)定的職責(zé)。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十四修正案[1962年8月27日提出，1964年1月23日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　第一款 合眾國(guó)公民在總統(tǒng)或副總統(tǒng)、總統(tǒng)或副總統(tǒng)選舉人、或國(guó)會(huì)參議員或眾議員的任何預(yù)選或其他選舉中的選舉權(quán)，不得因未交納任何人頭稅或其他稅而被合眾國(guó)或任何一州加以拒絕或限制。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十五修正案[1965年7月6日提出，1967年2月10日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

　　Section 3.第三款

　　Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

　　Section 4.第四款

　　Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

　　Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

　　第一款 如遇總統(tǒng)被免職、死亡或辭職，副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)成為總統(tǒng)。

　　第二款 凡當(dāng)副總統(tǒng)職位出缺時(shí)，總統(tǒng)應(yīng)提名一名副總統(tǒng)，經(jīng)國(guó)會(huì)兩院都以過半數(shù)票批準(zhǔn)后就職。

　　第三款 凡當(dāng)總統(tǒng)向參議院臨時(shí)議長(zhǎng)和眾議院議長(zhǎng)提交書面聲明，聲稱他不能夠履行其職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任，直至他向他們提交一份相反的聲明為止，其權(quán)力和責(zé)任應(yīng)由副總統(tǒng)作為代理總統(tǒng)履行。

　　第四款 凡當(dāng)副總統(tǒng)和行政各部長(zhǎng)官的多數(shù)或國(guó)會(huì)以法律設(shè)立的其他機(jī)構(gòu)成員的多數(shù)，向參議院臨時(shí)議長(zhǎng)和眾議院議長(zhǎng)提交書面聲明，聲稱總統(tǒng)不能夠履行總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任時(shí)，副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)立即作為代理總統(tǒng)承擔(dān)總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任。

　　此后，當(dāng)總統(tǒng)向參議院臨時(shí)議長(zhǎng)和眾議院議長(zhǎng)提交書面聲明，聲稱喪失能力的情況不存在時(shí)，他應(yīng)恢復(fù)總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任， 除非副總統(tǒng)和行政各部長(zhǎng)官的多數(shù)或國(guó)會(huì)以法律設(shè)立的其它機(jī)構(gòu)成員的多數(shù)在四天之內(nèi)向參議院臨時(shí)議長(zhǎng)和眾議院議長(zhǎng)提交書面聲明，聲稱總統(tǒng)不能夠履行總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任。在此種情況下，國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)決定這一問題，如在休會(huì)期間，應(yīng)為此目的在四十八小時(shí)以內(nèi)集會(huì)。如國(guó)會(huì)在收到后一書面聲明后的二十一天以內(nèi)，或如適逢休會(huì)期間，則在國(guó)會(huì)按照要求集會(huì)以后的二十一天以內(nèi)，以兩院的三分之二的票數(shù)決定總統(tǒng)不能夠履行總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任，副總統(tǒng)應(yīng)繼續(xù)作為代理總統(tǒng)履行總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任;否則總統(tǒng)應(yīng)恢復(fù)總統(tǒng)職務(wù)的權(quán)力和責(zé)任。

　　Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)憲法第二十六修正案[1971年3月23日提出，1971年7月1日批準(zhǔn)]

　　Section 1.第一款

　　The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

　　Section 2.第二款

　　The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

　　第一款 年滿十八歲和十八歲以上的合眾國(guó)公民的選舉權(quán)，不得因?yàn)槟挲g而被合眾國(guó)或任何一州加以拒絕或限制。

　　第二款 國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)以適當(dāng)立法實(shí)施本條。

　　Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

　　美國(guó)第二十七修正案[1989年9月25日提出，1992年5月7日批準(zhǔn)]

　　No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

　　改變參議員和眾議員服務(wù)報(bào)酬的法律，在眾議員選舉舉行之前不得生效。

　　編號(hào) 法案批準(zhǔn)日期 主要內(nèi)容

　　1 1791年12月15日 保護(hù)公民信仰、出版、集會(huì)、示威的自由

　　2 1791年12月15日 攜帶武器的自由

　　3 1791年12月15日 軍隊(duì)不得進(jìn)入民房

　　4 1791年12月15日 免于不合理的搜查與扣押

　　5 1791年12月15日 正當(dāng)法律程序、一罪不再理、無罪推定、征用私產(chǎn)需賠償

　　6 1791年12月15日 刑事案件接受陪審團(tuán)審判的權(quán)利

　　7 1791年12月15日 民事案件接受陪審團(tuán)審判的權(quán)利

　　8 1791年12月15日 禁止過度嚴(yán)厲的刑罰和罰款

　　9 1791年12月15日 憲法未列明的權(quán)利同樣受保護(hù)

　　10 1791年12月15日 憲法未賦予政府的權(quán)利都屬于各州和人民

　　11 1795年2月7日 限制聯(lián)邦法院對(duì)各州的管轄權(quán)

　　12 1804年6月15日 總統(tǒng)選舉辦法

　　13 1865年12月6日 廢除奴隸制度

　　14 1868年7月9日 國(guó)籍、處罰程序、眾議員選舉、叛國(guó)罪、國(guó)債，所有公民享有平等被保護(hù)權(quán)

　　15 1870年2月3日 所有公民不得由于膚色、種族的區(qū)別或曾被強(qiáng)制勞役(即曾身為奴隸)而受到選舉權(quán)的限制。(不包括性別)

　　16 1913年2月3日 國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)所得稅的征收權(quán)

　　17 1913年4月8日 代表各州的聯(lián)邦參議員必須直接選舉

　　18 1919年1月16日 禁止在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)制造、運(yùn)輸酒類(后被第21條廢止)

　　19 1920年8月18日 公民的選舉權(quán)不因性別而受限(即賦予女性選舉權(quán))

　　20 1933年1月23日 規(guī)定總統(tǒng)任期、國(guó)會(huì)議事程序

　　21 1933年12月5日 廢除第18條修正案

　　22 1951年2月27日 總統(tǒng)最多連任一次

　　23 1961年3月19日 首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)指派總統(tǒng)選舉人的辦法

　　24 1964年1月23日 選舉權(quán)不受稅收限制

　　25 1967年2月10日 總統(tǒng)與副總統(tǒng)的繼任規(guī)則

　　26 1971年7月1日 保護(hù)18歲以上公民選舉權(quán)

　　27 1992年5月7日 規(guī)定議員薪酬改動(dòng)后的生效時(shí)刻


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