地役權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款：

　　In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

　　(一) 當(dāng)事人的姓名或者名稱和住所; (1) name and domicile of the related parties;

　　(二) 供役地和需役地的位置; (2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

　　(三) 利用目的和方法; (3) purposes of use and methods;

　　(四) 利用期限; (4) use term;

　　(五) 費用及其支付方式; (5) fees and payment method; and

　　(六) 解決爭議的方法。 (6) dispute settlement method.

　　第一百五十八條 地役權(quán)自地役權(quán)合同生效時設(shè)立。當(dāng)事人要求登記的，可以向登記機構(gòu)申請地役權(quán)登記;未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

　　Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

　　第一百五十九條 供役地權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定，允許地役權(quán)人利用其土地，不得妨害地役權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。

　　Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

　　第一百六十條 地役權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，盡量減少對供役地權(quán)利人物權(quán)的限制。

　　Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

　　第一百六十一條 地役權(quán)的期限由當(dāng)事人約定，但不得超過土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等用益物權(quán)的剩余期限。

　　Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

　　第一百六十二條 土地所有權(quán)人享有地役權(quán)或者負(fù)擔(dān)地役權(quán)的，設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)時，該土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人、宅基地使用權(quán)人繼續(xù)享有或者負(fù)擔(dān)已設(shè)立的地役權(quán)。 Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

　　第一百六十三條 土地上已設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)等權(quán)利的，未經(jīng)用益物權(quán)人同意，土地所有權(quán)人不得設(shè)立地役權(quán)。

　　Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

　　第一百六十四條 地役權(quán)不得單獨轉(zhuǎn)讓。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等轉(zhuǎn)讓的，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓，但合同另有約定的除外。

　　Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

　　第一百六十五條 地役權(quán)不得單獨抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等抵押的，在實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。

　　Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

　　第一百六十六條 需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，受讓人同時享有地役權(quán)。

　　Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

　　第一百六十七條 供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，地役權(quán)對受讓人具有約束力。

　　Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

　　第一百六十八條 地役權(quán)人有下列情形之一的，供役地權(quán)利人有權(quán)解除地役權(quán)合同，地役權(quán)消滅：

　　Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

　　(一) 違反法律規(guī)定或者合同約定，濫用地役權(quán);

　　(1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

　　(二) 有償利用供役地，約定的付款期間屆滿后在合理期限內(nèi)經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費用。

　　(2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

　　第一百六十九條 已經(jīng)登記的地役權(quán)變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。

　　Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.

　　第三編 用益物權(quán) Part III Usufructuary Right

　　第十章 一般規(guī)定 Chapter X General Rules

　　第一百一十七條 用益物權(quán)人對他人所有的不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利。

　　Article 117 As regards the realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it in accordance with law.

　　第一百一十八條 國家所有或者國家所有由集體使用以及法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的自然資源，單位、個人依法可以占有、使用和收益。

　　Article 118 As regards the natural resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective as well as those that are owned by the collective as prescribed by law, an entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from them.

　　第一百一十九條 國家實行自然資源有償使用制度，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　　Article 119 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the state practices the system of paid use of natural resources.

　　第一百二十條 用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律有關(guān)保護和合理開發(fā)利用資源的規(guī)定。所有權(quán)人不得干涉用益物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。

　　Article 120 When exercising right, a usufructuary right holder shall comply with the provisions on protecting, reasonably exploring and utilizing resources as provided for in the laws. When the usufructuary right holder exercises rights, the owner may not intervene in.

　　第一百二十一條 因不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)被征收、征用致使用益物權(quán)消滅或者影響用益物權(quán)行使的，用益物權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條、第四十四條的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補償。

　　Article 121 Where the usufructuary right is terminated or its exercise is affected for reasons of expropriation or requisition, the usufructuary right holder has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Articles 42 and 44 of the present Law.

　　第一百二十二條 依法取得的海域使用權(quán)受法律保護。

　　Article 122 The lawfully obtained right to use sea areas shall be under the protection of law.

　　第一百二十三條 依法取得的探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)、取水權(quán)和使用水域、灘涂從事養(yǎng)殖、捕撈的權(quán)利受法律保護。

　　Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to use water areas or tidal flats for breeding or fishery shall be under the protection of law.

　　第十一章 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán) Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

　　第一百二十四條 農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟組織實行家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制。 Article 124 Such a dual operation system, under which centralized operation and decentralized operation are combined on the basis of household contracted management, shall be practiced by any rural economic organization.

　　農(nóng)民集體所有和國家所有由農(nóng)民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地，依法實行土地承包經(jīng)營制度。

　　As regards the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and other land for agricultural uses that are owned by farmers’ collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and used by farmers’collectives, the system of land contracted management shall be adopted.

　　第一百二十五條 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人依法對其承包經(jīng)營的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利，有權(quán)從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

　　Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right to possess, utilize and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under the contracted management thereof, and is entitled to such agricultural production activities as the planting, forestry, stockbreeding, etc.

　　第一百二十六條 耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年;特殊林木的林地承包期，經(jīng)國務(wù)院林業(yè)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)可以延長。 Article 126 The contractual term of cultivated land shall be 30 years. The contractual term of grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The contractual term of wood land shall be 30 up to 70 years. The contractual term of special forest land may, upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council, be extended.

　　前款規(guī)定的承包期屆滿，由土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定繼續(xù)承包。

　　After the contractual term as referred to in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the right to the contracted management of land may, according to the relevant provisions of the state, contract continuously.

　　第一百二十七條 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)自土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)合同生效時設(shè)立。

　　Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established since the contract thereon goes into effect.

　　縣級以上地方人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)向土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人發(fā)放土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)證、林權(quán)證、草原使用權(quán)證，并登記造冊，確認(rèn)土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)。

　　The local people’s government at the country level or above shall issue a certificate of the right to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right certificate to the holder, register it in the brochure so as to confirm such rights.

　　第一百二十八條 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人依照農(nóng)村土地承包法的規(guī)定，有權(quán)將土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)采取轉(zhuǎn)包、互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓等方式流轉(zhuǎn)。流轉(zhuǎn)的期限不得超過承包期的剩余期限。未經(jīng)依法批準(zhǔn)，不得將承包地用于非農(nóng)建設(shè)。

　　Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right, in accordance with the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land, to circulate his/her such right. The circulated term may not be more than the remnant term of the original contract. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural constructions without approval.

　　第一百二十九條 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人將土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)互換、轉(zhuǎn)讓，當(dāng)事人要求登記的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向縣級以上地方人民政府申請土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)變更登記;未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 129 In case the right to the contracted management of land is circulated by means of exchange or transfer, where the parties concerned require for the registration of such circulation, an application for the alteration registration thereof shall be filed to the local people’s government at the county level or above. Without such registration, neither party may challenge any third party with good faith.

　　第一百三十條 承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得調(diào)整承包地。

　　Article 130 The contract-letting party may not readjust the contracted land within the duration of a contract.

　　因自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重毀損承包地等特殊情形，需要適當(dāng)調(diào)整承包的耕地和草地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律規(guī)定辦理。

　　In case it is necessary to readjust the cultivated land or grassland as contracted by virtue of such especial events as natural calamities that have materially injured the contracted land, a readjustment may, in accordance with the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and other related laws, be carried out.

　　第一百三十一條 承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包人不得收回承包地。農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

　　Article 131 The contract-letting party may not take back the contracted land within the term of the contract. In case there exists any otherwise provision in the law on the contracting of rural land or any other law, such provision shall prevail.

　　第一百三十二條 承包地被征收的，土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人有權(quán)依照本法第四十二條第二款的規(guī)定獲得相應(yīng)補償。

　　Article 132 In case a contracted land is expropriated, the holder of the right to the contracted management of such land has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 42 in the present Law.

　　第一百三十三條 通過招標(biāo)、拍賣、公開協(xié)商等方式承包荒地等農(nóng)村土地，依照農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定，其土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)可以轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流轉(zhuǎn)。

　　Article 133 As regards the barren land or other rural land that is contracted through bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc, the right to the contracted management thereof may, according to the law on the contracting of rural land and other laws as well the related regulations of the State Council, be circulated by means of alienation, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.

　　第一百三十四條 國家所有的農(nóng)用地實行承包經(jīng)營的，參照本法的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

　　Article 134 In case the contracted management is conducted over any state-owned rural land, the related provisions in the present Law shall apply by analogy.

　　第十二章 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán) Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

　　第一百三十五條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人依法對國家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的權(quán)利，有權(quán)利用該土地建造建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施。

　　Article 135 The holder of the right to use construction land has the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and shall be entitled to the construction of buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities by making use of such land.

　　第一百三十六條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分別設(shè)立。新設(shè)立的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)，不得損害已設(shè)立的用益物權(quán)。

　　Article 136 The right to use construction land may be created separately on the surface of or above or under the land. The newly-established one may not injure the usufructuary right that has already been established.

　　第一百三十七條 設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)，可以采取出讓或者劃撥等方式。

　　Article 137 The right to use construction land may be created through transfer or allotment, etc.

　　工業(yè)、商業(yè)、旅游、娛樂和商品住宅等經(jīng)營性用地以及同一土地有兩個以上意向用地者的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取招標(biāo)、拍賣等公開競價的方式出讓。

　　As regards the land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling houses, etc. as well as the land with two or more intended users, the alienation thereof shall adopt such means as auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

　　嚴(yán)格限制以劃撥方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)。采取劃撥方式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)關(guān)于土地用途的規(guī)定。

　　It is severely restrained to create the right to use construction land through allotment. For adopting such means, the provisions on land uses in the laws and administrative regulations shall be observed.

　　第一百三十八條 采取招標(biāo)、拍賣、協(xié)議等出讓方式設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同。

　　Article 138 In case the right to use construction land is created through auction, bid invitation, or agreement, etc., the related parties shall conclude a written contract on the transfer of such right.

　　建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)出讓合同一般包括下列條款：

　　In general, a contract on transfer of the right to use construction land shall contain the items as follows:

　　(一) 當(dāng)事人的名稱和住所; (1) name and domicile of the parties concerned;

　　(二) 土地界址、面積等; (2) [] and acreage, etc. of the land;

　　(三) 建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用的空間;

　　(3) space to be covered by buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof;

　　(四) 土地用途; (4) use purposes;

　　(五) 使用期限; (5) use term;

　　(六) 出讓金等費用及其支付方式;

　　(6) payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

　　(七) 解決爭議的方法。 (7) dispute settlement method.

　　第一百三十九條 設(shè)立建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機構(gòu)申請建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)登記。建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)自登記時設(shè)立。登記機構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)向建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人發(fā)放建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。 Article 139 For establishing the right to use construction land, an application for registering such right shall be submitted to the registration organ. The right to use construction land shall be established as of the accomplishment of such registration. A certificate on the right to use construction land shall be issued by the registration organ to the holder of the right to use construction land.

　　第一百四十條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)合理利用土地，不得改變土地用途;需要改變土地用途的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法經(jīng)有關(guān)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。

　　Article 140 The holder of the right to use construction land shall reasonably use the land and may not alter the use purpose. In case the purpose of land use needs to be altered, the approval of the relevant administrative department shall be obtained.

　　第一百四十一條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定以及合同約定支付出讓金等費用。Article 141 The holder of the right to use construction land shall, according to the legal provisions and the contract, pay transfer fees and other fees.

　　第一百四十二條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人建造的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施的所有權(quán)屬于建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人，但有相反證據(jù)證明的除外。

　　Article 142 As regards the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the holder of the right to use construction land, the holder shall enjoy the ownership thereof, unless it is otherwise proved by any contrary evidence.

　　第一百四十三條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)人有權(quán)將建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　　Article 143 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the holder of the right to use construction land has the right to alienate, exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use construction land.

　　第一百四十四條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立相應(yīng)的合同。使用期限由當(dāng)事人約定，但不得超過建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的剩余期限。 Article 144 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the parties shall enter into a corresponding written contract. The parties concerned may make stipulations on the contractual term, but which may not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use construction land.

　　第一百四十五條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向登記機構(gòu)申請變更登記。

　　Article 145 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, an application for alteration registration shall be submitted to the registration organ.

　　第一百四十六條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，附著于該土地上的建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施一并處分。

　　Article 146 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof on such land shall be disposed of at the same time.

　　第一百四十七條 建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，該建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及其附屬設(shè)施占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并處分。

　　Article 147 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof, the right to use construction land covered by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof shall be disposed of at the same time.

　　第一百四十八條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿前，因公共利益需要提前收回該土地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法第四十二條的規(guī)定對該土地上的房屋及其他不動產(chǎn)給予補償，并退還相應(yīng)的出讓金。 Article 148 Before the term of the right to use construction land expires, where it is necessary to take back the land in advance by virtue of public interests, compensations shall, according to Article 42 of this Law, be given to the houses and other realties on such land, and corresponding land transfer fees shall be returned back.

　　第一百四十九條 住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿的，自動續(xù)期。

　　Article 149 When the term of the right to use construction land for dwelling houses expires, it shall be renewed automatically.

　　非住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)期間屆滿后的續(xù)期，依照法律規(guī)定辦理。該土地上的房屋及其他不動產(chǎn)的歸屬，有約定的，按照約定;沒有約定或者約定不明確的，依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理。

　　As regards the term of the right to use construction land not for dwelling houses, the renewing shall be subject to legal provisions. In case there exists any stipulation on the ownership of houses and other realties on the aforesaid land, such stipulation shall prevail; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, the ownership shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.

　　第一百五十條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)消滅的，出讓人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時辦理注銷登記。登記機構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)收回建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)證書。

　　Article 150 Where the right to use construction land is terminated, the transferor shall go through deregistration formalities in time, and the certificate on the right to use construction land shall be taken back by the registration organ.

　　第一百五十一條 集體所有的土地作為建設(shè)用地的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照土地管理法等法律規(guī)定辦理。Article 151 Where a piece of collectively-owned land is used as construction land, it shall be handled in accordance with the law on land administration and other related laws.

　　第十三章 宅基地使用權(quán) Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

　　第一百五十二條 宅基地使用權(quán)人依法對集體所有的土地享有占有和使用的權(quán)利，有權(quán)依法利用該土地建造住宅及其附屬設(shè)施。

　　Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites has the right to possess and use land owned by a collective, and to construct residential houses and affiliated facilities thereof by utilizing such land.

　　第一百五十三條 宅基地使用權(quán)的取得、行使和轉(zhuǎn)讓，適用土地管理法等法律和國家有關(guān)規(guī)定。

　　Article 153 For acquiring, exercising and alienating the right to use house sites, the law on land administration, other related laws and the related provisions of the state shall apply.

　　第一百五十四條 宅基地因自然災(zāi)害等原因滅失的，宅基地使用權(quán)消滅。對失去宅基地的村民，應(yīng)當(dāng)重新分配宅基地。

　　Article 154 The right to use house site shall be terminated where a house site is terminated by virtue of any natural disaster, etc.. A villager losing a house site shall be allotted a house site again.

　　第一百五十五條 已經(jīng)登記的宅基地使用權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。

　　Article 155 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in time in the case of the alienation or termination of a registered right to use house sites.

　　第十四章 地役權(quán) Chapter XIV Easement

　　第一百五十六條 地役權(quán)人有權(quán)按照合同約定，利用他人的不動產(chǎn)，以提高自己的不動產(chǎn)的效益。

　　Article 156 An easement holder shall, according to the contract, be entitled to utilize the realty of someone else so as to enhance the efficiency of his own realty.

　　前款所稱他人的不動產(chǎn)為供役地，自己的不動產(chǎn)為需役地。

　　The term “realty of someone else” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and “one’s own realty” shall be the dominant tenement.

　　第一百五十七條 設(shè)立地役權(quán)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立地役權(quán)合同。

　　Article 157 For establishing an easement, the parties concerned shall enter into an written easement contract.

　　地役權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款：

　　In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

　　(一) 當(dāng)事人的姓名或者名稱和住所; (1) name and domicile of the related parties;

　　(二) 供役地和需役地的位置; (2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

　　(三) 利用目的和方法; (3) purposes of use and methods;

　　(四) 利用期限; (4) use term;

　　(五) 費用及其支付方式; (5) fees and payment method; and

　　(六) 解決爭議的方法。 (6) dispute settlement method.

　　第一百五十八條 地役權(quán)自地役權(quán)合同生效時設(shè)立。當(dāng)事人要求登記的，可以向登記機構(gòu)申請地役權(quán)登記;未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

　　Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

　　第一百五十九條 供役地權(quán)利人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定，允許地役權(quán)人利用其土地，不得妨害地役權(quán)人行使權(quán)利。

　　Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

　　第一百六十條 地役權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，盡量減少對供役地權(quán)利人物權(quán)的限制。

　　Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

　　第一百六十一條 地役權(quán)的期限由當(dāng)事人約定，但不得超過土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等用益物權(quán)的剩余期限。

　　Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

　　第一百六十二條 土地所有權(quán)人享有地役權(quán)或者負(fù)擔(dān)地役權(quán)的，設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)時，該土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)人、宅基地使用權(quán)人繼續(xù)享有或者負(fù)擔(dān)已設(shè)立的地役權(quán)。 Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

　　第一百六十三條 土地上已設(shè)立土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)等權(quán)利的，未經(jīng)用益物權(quán)人同意，土地所有權(quán)人不得設(shè)立地役權(quán)。

　　Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

　　第一百六十四條 地役權(quán)不得單獨轉(zhuǎn)讓。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等轉(zhuǎn)讓的，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓，但合同另有約定的除外。

　　Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

　　第一百六十五條 地役權(quán)不得單獨抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)等抵押的，在實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時，地役權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓。

　　Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

　　第一百六十六條 需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，受讓人同時享有地役權(quán)。

　　Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

　　第一百六十七條 供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓時，轉(zhuǎn)讓部分涉及地役權(quán)的，地役權(quán)對受讓人具有約束力。

　　Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

　　第一百六十八條 地役權(quán)人有下列情形之一的，供役地權(quán)利人有權(quán)解除地役權(quán)合同，地役權(quán)消滅：

　　Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

　　(一) 違反法律規(guī)定或者合同約定，濫用地役權(quán);

　　(1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

　　(二) 有償利用供役地，約定的付款期間屆滿后在合理期限內(nèi)經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費用。

　　(2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

　　第一百六十九條 已經(jīng)登記的地役權(quán)變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時辦理變更登記或者注銷登記。

　　Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.

　　第四編 擔(dān)保物權(quán) Part IV Real Rights for Security

　　第十五章 一般規(guī)定 Chapter XV General Rules

　　第一百七十條 擔(dān)保物權(quán)人在債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的情形，依法享有就擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償?shù)臋?quán)利，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　　Article 170 Where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance for realizing real rights for security as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the holder of real rights for security shall enjoy preferred payments from the property for security, except that it is otherwise provided for by any law.

　　第一百七十一條 債權(quán)人在借貸、買賣等民事活動中，為保障實現(xiàn)其債權(quán)，需要擔(dān)保的，可以依照本法和其他法律的規(guī)定設(shè)立擔(dān)保物權(quán)。

　　Article 171 According to the present Law or any other law, an obligee may, in such civil activities as loans or sales, establish the real rights for security in case the security is required for ensuring the realization of its/his credits.

　　第三人為債務(wù)人向債權(quán)人提供擔(dān)保的，可以要求債務(wù)人提供反擔(dān)保。反擔(dān)保適用本法和其他法律的規(guī)定。

　　Where a third party provides security to the obligee for an obligor, countersecurity from the obligor may be required. The countersecurity shall be pursuant to the present Law and other related laws.

　　第一百七十二條 設(shè)立擔(dān)保物權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法和其他法律的規(guī)定訂立擔(dān)保合同。擔(dān)保合同是主債權(quán)債務(wù)合同的從合同。主債權(quán)債務(wù)合同無效，擔(dān)保合同無效，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。 Article 172 For establishing real rights for security, a security contract shall be entered into in accordance with the present Law and the other related laws. A security contract shall be a subordinate one to the principal contract. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the security contract shall be invalid when the principal contract is nullified.

　　擔(dān)保合同被確認(rèn)無效后，債務(wù)人、擔(dān)保人、債權(quán)人有過錯的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其過錯各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任。

　　After a security contract is confirmed to be nullified, the obligor, the security provider and the obligee that has faults shall, in light of their respective faults, undertake corresponding civil liabilities.

　　第一百七十三條 擔(dān)保物權(quán)的擔(dān)保范圍包括主債權(quán)及其利息、違約金、損害賠償金、保管擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)和實現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的費用。當(dāng)事人另有約定的，按照約定。

　　Article 173 The security range shall cover principal obligee’s rights and their interests, default fines, damages as well as expenses for keeping the property for security and for realizing the real rights for security. In case there are otherwise stipulations between the related parties, such stipulations shall prevail.

　　第一百七十四條 擔(dān)保期間，擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失或者被征收等，擔(dān)保物權(quán)人可以就獲得的保險金、賠償金或者補償金等優(yōu)先受償。被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的履行期未屆滿的，也可以提存該保險金、賠償金或者補償金等。

　　Article 174 In case, during the security term, the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated, the security holder may seek preferred payments from the insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred therefrom. If the term for performing the obligee’s rights as secured has not expired, such insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. may be submitted to a competent authority for keeping.

　　第一百七十五條 第三人提供擔(dān)保，未經(jīng)其書面同意，債權(quán)人允許債務(wù)人轉(zhuǎn)移全部或者部分債務(wù)的，擔(dān)保人不再承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保責(zé)任。

　　Article 175 As regards any security provided by a third party, where the obligee, without obtaining the written consent of the third party, allows the obligor to transfer all or part of its obligations, the security provider does not have to undertake corresponding security liabilities any more.

　　第一百七十六條 被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)既有物的擔(dān)保又有人的擔(dān)保的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)擔(dān)保物權(quán)的情形，債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定實現(xiàn)債權(quán);沒有約定或者約定不明確，債務(wù)人自己提供物的擔(dān)保的，債權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)先就該物的擔(dān)保實現(xiàn)債權(quán);第三人提供物的擔(dān)保的，債權(quán)人可以就物的擔(dān)保實現(xiàn)債權(quán)，也可以要求保證人承擔(dān)保證責(zé)任。提供擔(dān)保的第三人承擔(dān)擔(dān)保責(zé)任后，有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償。

　　Article 176 As regards a secured credit involving both physical and personal security, where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the property for security happens, the obligee shall realize the obligee’s rights as stipulated; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, and where the obligor provides his/its own property for the security, the obligee’s rights shall be realized firstly by the security in property; and if the security by property is provided by a third party, the obligee may, by the physical security or through requiring the guarantor to assume the guaranty liability, realize the obligee’s rights. The third party has the right,, after undertaking the security liability, to recover payments from the obligor.

　　第一百七十七條 有下列情形之一的，擔(dān)保物權(quán)消滅：

　　Article 177 Real rights for security may be terminated under any of the following circumstances:

　　(一) 主債權(quán)消滅; (1) The principal obligee’s rights are terminated;

　　(二) 擔(dān)保物權(quán)實現(xiàn); (2) The real rights for security have been realized;

　　(三) 債權(quán)人放棄擔(dān)保物權(quán); (3) The obligee waives the real rights for security; or

　　(四) 法律規(guī)定擔(dān)保物權(quán)消滅的其他情形。

　　(4) Any other circumstance under which the real rights for security will be terminated as provided for by any law.

　　第一百七十八條 擔(dān)保法與本法的規(guī)定不一致的，適用本法。

　　Article 178 Where any provision in the Security Law conflicts with that of the present Law, the latter shall prevail.

　　第十六章 抵押權(quán) Chapter XVI Mortgage Right

　　第一節(jié) 一般抵押權(quán) Section 1 General Mortgage Right

　　第一百七十九條 為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人不轉(zhuǎn)移財產(chǎn)的占有，將該財產(chǎn)抵押給債權(quán)人的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形，債權(quán)人有權(quán)就該財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 179 In order to ensure the payment of debts, an obligor or a third party mortgages his/its properties to the obligee without transferring the possession of such properties, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from such properties.

　　前款規(guī)定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為抵押人，債權(quán)人為抵押權(quán)人，提供擔(dān)保的財產(chǎn)為抵押財產(chǎn)。 The “obligor”or “third party” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor, the“obligee” shall be the mortgagee, while the “properties for security” shall be the mortgaged properties.

　　第一百八十條 債務(wù)人或者第三人有權(quán)處分的下列財產(chǎn)可以抵押：

　　Article 180 As regards the following properties that the obligor or the third party has the right to dispose of, mortgage may be established thereon :

　　(一) 建筑物和其他土地附著物; (1) buildings and other objects fixed to land;

　　(二) 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán); (2) the right to use construction land;

　　(三) 以招標(biāo)、拍賣、公開協(xié)商等方式取得的荒地等土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán);

　　(3) the right to contracted management of such land as barren land, etc. that is acquired through bid invitation, auction and public consultation, etc.;

　　(四) 生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品;

　　(4) manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products;

　　(五) 正在建造的建筑物、船舶、航空器; (5) buildings, vessels and aircraft under construction;

　　(六) 交通運輸工具; (6) means of communications and transportation; and

　　(七) 法律、行政法規(guī)未禁止抵押的其他財產(chǎn)。

　　(7) other properties not prohibited from being mortgaged by any law or administrative regulation.

　　抵押人可以將前款所列財產(chǎn)一并抵押。

　　All the properties listed in the previous paragraph may be mortgaged together by a mortgagor.

　　第一百八十一條 經(jīng)當(dāng)事人書面協(xié)議，企業(yè)、個體工商戶、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者可以將現(xiàn)有的以及將有的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品抵押，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形，債權(quán)人有權(quán)就實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時的動產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 181 An enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator may, upon the written agreement between the parties concerned, mortgage the existing manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products or those to be owned in future, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the chattels existing at the time of the realization of the right to mortgage.

　　第一百八十二條 以建筑物抵押的，該建筑物占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押。以建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)抵押的，該土地上的建筑物一并抵押。

　　Article 182 For mortgaging building, the right to use construction land within the area of this building shall be mortgaged together. When mortgaging the right to use construction land, all the buildings on such land shall be mortgaged together.

　　抵押人未依照前款規(guī)定一并抵押的，未抵押的財產(chǎn)視為一并抵押。

　　Where a mortgagor fails to mortgage the properties in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the properties not mortgaged shall be treated as having been mortgaged together.

　　第一百八十三條 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)不得單獨抵押。以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物抵押的，其占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押。

　　Article 183 As regards the right to use construction land of a township or village enterprise, mortgages may not be alone established thereon. Where the plant of a township and village enterprise is mortgaged, the right to use construction land within the area of such plant shall be mortgaged together.

　　第一百八十四條 下列財產(chǎn)不得抵押：

　　Article 184 Any of the following properties may not be mortgaged:

　　(一) 土地所有權(quán); (1) ownership of land;

　　(二) 耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集體所有的土地使用權(quán)，但法律規(guī)定可以抵押的除外;

　　(2) the right to use such collectively-owned land as cultivated land, house sites, land and hilly land allotted for private use, etc, except for those mortgagable as prescribed by any law;

　　(三) 學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫(yī)院等以公益為目的的事業(yè)單位、社會團體的教育設(shè)施、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生設(shè)施和其他社會公益設(shè)施;

　　(3) educational, medical, healthy and other public welfare facilities of such institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc;

　　(四) 所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)不明或者有爭議的財產(chǎn);

　　(4) properties with unclear or controversial ownership or use rights;

　　(五) 依法被查封、扣押、監(jiān)管的財產(chǎn);

　　(5) properties legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or

　　(六) 法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定不得抵押的其他財產(chǎn)。

　　(6) other properties that cannot be mortgaged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation.

　　第一百八十五條 設(shè)立抵押權(quán)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立抵押合同。

　　Article 185 For establishing a mortgage right, the parties concerned shall enter into a written mortgage contract.

　　抵押合同一般包括下列條款： In general, a mortgage contract shall contain the items as follows:

　　(一) 被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的種類和數(shù)額; (1) the variety and sum of the secured obligee’s rights;

　　(二) 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限; (2) the time limit to pay debts by the obligor;

　　(三) 抵押財產(chǎn)的名稱、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、狀況、所在地、所有權(quán)歸屬或者使用權(quán)歸屬;

　　(3) the name, amount, quality, situation, [], attribution of ownership or use right of the mortgaged property; and

　　(四) 擔(dān)保的范圍。 (4) the security scope.

　　第一百八十六條 抵押權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿前，不得與抵押人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時抵押財產(chǎn)歸債權(quán)人所有。

　　Article 186 The mortgagee and the mortgagor may, prior to the expiration of the time limit for paying debts, not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property will attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay its due debts.

　　第一百八十七條 以本法第一百八十條第一款第一項至第三項規(guī)定的財產(chǎn)或者第五項規(guī)定的正在建造的建筑物抵押的，應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理抵押登記。抵押權(quán)自登記時設(shè)立。

　　Article 187 In case properties as provided for in Items (1), (2) and (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 in the present Law or a building under construction in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage registration shall be gone through, and such mortgage right shall be established as of the date of registration.

　　第一百八十八條 以本法第一百八十條第一款第四項、第六項規(guī)定的財產(chǎn)或者第五項規(guī)定的正在建造的船舶、航空器抵押的，抵押權(quán)自抵押合同生效時設(shè)立;未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

　　Article 188 In case properties as provided for in Items (4) or (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or a vessel or aircraft under construction as provided for in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, the mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith.

　　第一百八十九條 企業(yè)、個體工商戶、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者以本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定的動產(chǎn)抵押的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向抵押人住所地的工商行政管理部門辦理登記。抵押權(quán)自抵押合同生效時設(shè)立;未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

　　Article 189 As regards the mortgage of the chattels prescribed in Article 181 of the present Law provided by an enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator, registration shall be handled by the administrative department for industry and commerce at the locality of the mortgagor. The mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, such mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith.

　　依照本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定抵押的，不得對抗正常經(jīng)營活動中已支付合理價款并取得抵押財產(chǎn)的買受人。

　　The mortgage as provided for in Article 181 of the present Law may not challenge the buyer which has paid a reasonable price and obtained the mortgaged property in normal business operations.

　　第一百九十條 訂立抵押合同前抵押財產(chǎn)已出租的，原租賃關(guān)系不受該抵押權(quán)的影響。抵押權(quán)設(shè)立后抵押財產(chǎn)出租的，該租賃關(guān)系不得對抗已登記的抵押權(quán)。

　　Article 190 Where the mortgaged property has been leased prior to the entering into of the mortgage contract, the original leasehold relations may not be impacted by the mortgage right. Where it is leased after the establishment of the mortgage right, the leasehold relation may be challenge the registered mortgage right.

　　第一百九十一條 抵押期間，抵押人經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人同意轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押財產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)將轉(zhuǎn)讓所得的價款向抵押權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。轉(zhuǎn)讓的價款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。

　　Article 191 Where a mortgagor alienates, upon consent of the mortgagee, the mortgaged property during the mortgage term, the money generated from such alienation shall be used to pay off debts to the mortgagee in advance or be submitted to a competent authority for keeping. The value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.

　　抵押期間，抵押人未經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人同意，不得轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押財產(chǎn)，但受讓人代為清償債務(wù)消滅抵押權(quán)的除外。

　　Without the mortgagee’s consent, a mortgagor may not alienate the mortgaged property during the mortgage term,, unless the transferee pays off the debts on behalf of the mortgagor so as to terminate the mortgage right.

　　第一百九十二條 抵押權(quán)不得與債權(quán)分離而單獨轉(zhuǎn)讓或者作為其他債權(quán)的擔(dān)保。債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的，擔(dān)保該債權(quán)的抵押權(quán)一并轉(zhuǎn)讓，但法律另有規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。

　　Article 192 The mortgage right may not be alienated alone, or be used as a security for other obligee’s rights by departing from the obligee’s rights. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, when the obligee’s rights are alienated, the mortgage right thereof shall be alienated concurrently.

　　第一百九十三條 抵押人的行為足以使抵押財產(chǎn)價值減少的，抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求抵押人停止其行為。抵押財產(chǎn)價值減少的，抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求恢復(fù)抵押財產(chǎn)的價值，或者提供與減少的價值相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保。抵押人不恢復(fù)抵押財產(chǎn)的價值也不提供擔(dān)保的，抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)要求債務(wù)人提前清償債務(wù)。

　　Article 193 Where any act of the mortgagor may sufficiently cause the reduction of the value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to cease such act. Where the value of the mortgaged property has been lowered, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to recover the value, or provide a security equal to the reduced value. Where the mortgagor neither recovers the value nor provides any security, the mortgagee has the right to require the obligor to pay off the debts in advance.

　　第一百九十四條 抵押權(quán)人可以放棄抵押權(quán)或者抵押權(quán)的順位。抵押權(quán)人與抵押人可以協(xié)議變更抵押權(quán)順位以及被擔(dān)保的債權(quán)數(shù)額等內(nèi)容，但抵押權(quán)的變更，未經(jīng)其他抵押權(quán)人書面同意，不得對其他抵押權(quán)人產(chǎn)生不利影響。

　　Article 194 A mortgagee may abandon the mortgage right or the sequence thereof. A mortgagee and a mortgagor may, through negotiations, alter the sequence of the mortgage right or the amount of secured obligee’s rights, etc., however, such alteration may not produce unfavorable influences on any other mortgagee without the written consent thereof.

　　債務(wù)人以自己的財產(chǎn)設(shè)定抵押，抵押權(quán)人放棄該抵押權(quán)、抵押權(quán)順位或者變更抵押權(quán)的，其他擔(dān)保人在抵押權(quán)人喪失優(yōu)先受償權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)免除擔(dān)保責(zé)任，但其他擔(dān)保人承諾仍然提供擔(dān)保的除外。

　　Where an obligor creates the mortgage by its/his own properties, and the mortgagee abandons the mortgage right or the sequence thereof or alter such mortgage right, other security providers shall, within the scope for which the said mortgagee has lost the right to seek preferred payments, be exempted from the security liability, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same.

　　第一百九十五條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形，抵押權(quán)人可以與抵押人協(xié)議以抵押財產(chǎn)折價或者以拍賣、變賣該抵押財產(chǎn)所得的價款優(yōu)先受償。協(xié)議損害其他債權(quán)人利益的，其他債權(quán)人可以在知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道撤銷事由之日起一年內(nèi)請求人民法院撤銷該協(xié)議。

　　Article 195 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the mortgagee may, upon negotiation with the mortgagor, convert the mortgaged property into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property. Where the said agreement has injured the interests of any other obligee, the obligee may, within one year after he/it has known or should know the cause for cancellation, require the people’s court to cancel such agreement.

　　抵押權(quán)人與抵押人未就抵押權(quán)實現(xiàn)方式達成協(xié)議的，抵押權(quán)人可以請求人民法院拍賣、變賣抵押財產(chǎn)。

　　Where no agreement on the means of realizing the mortgage right is achieved between the mortgagee and the mortgagor, the mortgagee may require the people’s court to auction or sell off the mortgaged property.

　　抵押財產(chǎn)折價或者變賣的，應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場價格。

　　When converting into money or selling off the mortgaged property, its marker price shall be referred to.

　　第一百九十六條 依照本法第一百八十一條規(guī)定設(shè)定抵押的，抵押財產(chǎn)自下列情形之一發(fā)生時確定：

　　Article 196 As regards the mortgage created in accordance with Article 181 of the present Law, the mortgaged property shall be determined when any of the following circumstances arises:

　　(一) 債務(wù)履行期屆滿，債權(quán)未實現(xiàn);

　　(1) Upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, the obligee’s rights have not been realized;

　　(二) 抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷;

　　(2) The mortgagor has been declared bankrupt or has been canceled;

　　(三) 當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形;

　　(3) Other circumstances as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs for realizing the mortgage right; or

　　(四) 嚴(yán)重影響債權(quán)實現(xiàn)的其他情形。

　　(4) Any other circumstance seriously impacting the realization of obligee’s rights.

　　第一百九十七條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形，致使抵押財產(chǎn)被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)收取該抵押財產(chǎn)的天然孳息或者法定孳息，但抵押權(quán)人未通知應(yīng)當(dāng)清償法定孳息的義務(wù)人的除外。

　　Article 197 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right arises, and the mortgaged property is thus seized by the people’s court in accordance with law, the mortgagee has the right to collect natural or statutory fruits of the mortgaged property as of the date of seizure, unless the mortgagee has failed to inform the subject liable to pay off statutory fruits.

　　前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費用。

　　As regards the “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph, they shall be firstly used for paying the collection expenses thereof.

　　第一百九十八條 抵押財產(chǎn)折價或者拍賣、變賣后，其價款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。

　　Article 198 The value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor, after the mortgaged property has been converted into money, auctioned or sold off.

　　第一百九十九條 同一財產(chǎn)向兩個以上債權(quán)人抵押的，拍賣、變賣抵押財產(chǎn)所得的價款依照下列規(guī)定清償：

　　Article 199 In case a same property is mortgaged to two or more obligees concurrently, the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for paying debts in light of the prescriptions as follows:

　　(一) 抵押權(quán)已登記的，按照登記的先后順序清償;順序相同的，按照債權(quán)比例清償;

　　(1) In case all the mortgage rights to have been registered, the payments shall be made according to the registration sequence; and where the sequence is the same, the payments shall be made on the basis of the proportion of obligee’s rights;

　　(二) 抵押權(quán)已登記的先于未登記的受償;

　　(2) The registered mortgage right shall be cleared off prior to the unregistered one; and

　　(三) 抵押權(quán)未登記的，按照債權(quán)比例清償。

　　(3) In case no mortgage right has been registered, the payments shall be made on basis of the proportion of obligee’s rights.

　　第二百條 建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)抵押后，該土地上新增的建筑物不屬于抵押財產(chǎn)。該建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)時，應(yīng)當(dāng)將該土地上新增的建筑物與建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并處分，但新增建筑物所得的價款，抵押權(quán)人無權(quán)優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 200 The buildings newly constructed on the land after the mortgage of the right to use construction land may not belong to the mortgaged properties. Such newly-constructed buildings can be disposed of together with the disposal of the aforesaid right to use construction land so as to realize the mortgage right, however, the mortgagee has no right to seek preferred payments from the money generated from the disposal of these newly-constructed buildings.

　　第二百零一條 依照本法第一百八十條第一款第三項規(guī)定的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押的，或者依照本法第一百八十三條規(guī)定以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村企業(yè)的廠房等建筑物占用范圍內(nèi)的建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)一并抵押的，實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)后，未經(jīng)法定程序，不得改變土地所有權(quán)的性質(zhì)和土地用途。

　　Article 201 As regards the mortgage of the right to the contracted management of land as provided for in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or the right to use construction land occupied by the plant or any other building of a township or village enterprise as prescribed in Article 183 of the present Law, after such mortgage right is realized, without completing the statutory procedures, the nature of land ownership or land use may not be altered.

　　第二百零二條 抵押權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)在主債權(quán)訴訟時效期間行使抵押權(quán);未行使的，人民法院不予保護。

　　Article 202 A mortgagee shall, within the limitation of action for the principal obligee’s rights, exercise the mortgage right, otherwise, such mortgage right will not be protected by the people’s court.

　　第二節(jié) 最高額抵押權(quán) Section 1I Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount

　　第二百零三條 為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人對一定期間內(nèi)將要連續(xù)發(fā)生的債權(quán)提供擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的情形，抵押權(quán)人有權(quán)在最高債權(quán)額限度內(nèi)就該擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 203 For ensuring the payment of debts, an obligor or third party may provide mortgage security to the obligee for the obligee’s rights that will continuously happen within a certain term, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the mortgagee has the right to seek preferred payments from the security properties within the maximum amount of obligee’s rights.

　　最高額抵押權(quán)設(shè)立前已經(jīng)存在的債權(quán)，經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意，可以轉(zhuǎn)入最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)范圍。 The obligee’s rights existing prior to the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount may, upon the consent of the parties concerned, be incorporated into the scope of obligee’s rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount.

　　第二百零四條 最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)確定前，部分債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的，最高額抵押權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)讓，但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外。

　　Article 204 Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, in case part of obligee’s rights are transferred prior to the establishment of the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgage right at maximum amount may not be transferred.

　　第二百零五條 最高額抵押擔(dān)保的債權(quán)確定前，抵押權(quán)人與抵押人可以通過協(xié)議變更債權(quán)確定的期間、債權(quán)范圍以及最高債權(quán)額，但變更的內(nèi)容不得對其他抵押權(quán)人產(chǎn)生不利影響。 Article 205 Prior to the determination of the obligee’s rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgagee and the mortgagor may, upon agreement, alter the term for the determination of the obligee’s rights, the scope of obligee’s rights or the maximum amount of obligee’s rights, however, such alteration may not cause any unfavorable influence to any other mortgagee.

　　第二百零六條 有下列情形之一的，抵押權(quán)人的債權(quán)確定：

　　Article 206 The mortgagee’s obligee’s rights shall be determined, if any of the following circumstances occurs,:

　　(一) 約定的債權(quán)確定期間屆滿;

　　(1) The stipulated term for the determination of the obligee’s rights expires;

　　(二) 沒有約定債權(quán)確定期間或者約定不明確，抵押權(quán)人或者抵押人自最高額抵押權(quán)設(shè)立之日起滿二年后請求確定債權(quán);

　　(2) In case there is no stipulation on such term or the related stipulations are not explicit, and where the mortgagee or the mortgagor requires determine the obligee’s rights after two years as of the date for the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount;

　　(三) 新的債權(quán)不可能發(fā)生; (3) no new obligee’s right may happen;

　　(四) 抵押財產(chǎn)被查封、扣押; (4) The mortgaged property is sealed up or seized;

　　(五) 債務(wù)人、抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷;

　　(5) The obligor or the mortgagor is declared bankrupt or is revoked; or

　　(六) 法律規(guī)定債權(quán)確定的其他情形。

　　(6) Any other circumstance as prescribed by any other law for determining the obligee’s rights arises.

　　第二百零七條 最高額抵押權(quán)除適用本節(jié)規(guī)定外，適用本章第一節(jié)一般抵押權(quán)的規(guī)定。Article 207 The mortgage right at maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the provisions in this Section, the provisions on general mortgage right as provided for in Section 1 of this Chapter.

　　第十七章 質(zhì)權(quán) Chapter XVII Pledge Right

　　第一節(jié) 動產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán) Section 1 Chattel Pledge

　　第二百零八條 為擔(dān)保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人將其動產(chǎn)出質(zhì)給債權(quán)人占有的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)質(zhì)權(quán)的情形，債權(quán)人有權(quán)就該動產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 208 For the security of the payment of debts，an obligor or a third party may pledge his (its) chattels to the obligee for occupation, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the pledged chattels.

　　前款規(guī)定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為出質(zhì)人，債權(quán)人為質(zhì)權(quán)人，交付的動產(chǎn)為質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。

　　The “debtor” or “third party” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledger, the “obligee” shall be the pledgee, and the “chattels” as delivered shall be the pledged property.

　　第二百零九條 法律、行政法規(guī)禁止轉(zhuǎn)讓的動產(chǎn)不得出質(zhì)。

　　Article 209 The chattels，which are forbidden from being pledged by any law or administrative regulation， may not be pledged.

　　第二百一十條 設(shè)立質(zhì)權(quán)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取書面形式訂立質(zhì)權(quán)合同。

　　Article 210 For establishing the pledge right, the parties concerned shall enter into a contract on pledge right in written form.

　　質(zhì)權(quán)合同一般包括下列條款：

　　In general， a contract on pledge right shall contain the following items:

　　(一) 被擔(dān)保債權(quán)的種類和數(shù)額; (1) the variety and amount of the principal obligee’s rights;

　　(二) 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限; (2) the time limit for the obligor to pay off debts;

　　(三) 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的名稱、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、狀況;

　　(3) the name, amount, quality and condition of the pledge;

　　(四) 擔(dān)保的范圍; (4) the scope of security; and

　　(五) 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)交付的時間。 (5) the time for the deliver of pledged properties.

　　第二百一十一條 質(zhì)權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿前，不得與出質(zhì)人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)歸債權(quán)人所有。

　　Article 211 The pledgee and the pledger may not, prior to the time limit for paying debts expires，stipulate that the ownership of pledged properties be attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay due debts.

　　第二百一十二條 質(zhì)權(quán)自出質(zhì)人交付質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)時設(shè)立。

　　Article 212 The pledge right shall be established after the pledgee has delivered the pledged properties.

　　第二百一十三條 質(zhì)權(quán)人有權(quán)收取質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的孳息，但合同另有約定的除外。

　　Article 213 Unless it is otherwise stipulated in the contract, a pledgee has the right to obtain the fruits of the pledged properties.

　　前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費用。

　　The “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for paying the expenses for collecting the fruits.

　　第二百一十四條 質(zhì)權(quán)人在質(zhì)權(quán)存續(xù)期間，未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意，擅自使用、處分質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)，給出質(zhì)人造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Article 214 Where a pledgee, without consent of the pledger, illegally uses or disposes of the pledged properties within the duration of the pledge right, and thus damages are caused to the pledger, he/it shall make compensations.

　　第二百一十五條 質(zhì)權(quán)人負(fù)有妥善保管質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的義務(wù);因保管不善致使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Article 215 A pledgee shall be obliged to properly keep pledged properties; and where pledged properties are damaged or lost by virtue of improper keeping, the pledgee shall make compensations.

　　質(zhì)權(quán)人的行為可能使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，出質(zhì)人可以要求質(zhì)權(quán)人將質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)提存，或者要求提前清償債務(wù)并返還質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。

　　Where pledged properties may be damaged or lost by act of the pledgee, the pledger may ask for the pledgee to submit them to a competent authority for keeping or require pay debts in advance and take back them.

　　第二百一十六條 因不能歸責(zé)于質(zhì)權(quán)人的事由可能使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損或者價值明顯減少，足以危害質(zhì)權(quán)人權(quán)利的，質(zhì)權(quán)人有權(quán)要求出質(zhì)人提供相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保;出質(zhì)人不提供的，質(zhì)權(quán)人可以拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)，并與出質(zhì)人通過協(xié)議將拍賣、變賣所得的價款提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 Article 216 Where any cause not attributable to t the pledge’ fault may result in the destruction of the pledged properties or an obvious decrease of the value of the pledge, and which is sufficient to damage the pledgee’s rights, the pledgee has the right to require the pledger to provide corresponding security. Where the pledger refuses to do so, the pledgee may auction or sell off the pledged properties, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments for the obligee’s rights in advance with the money generated from such auction or sell-off, or submit the said money to a competent authority for keeping.

　　第二百一十七條 質(zhì)權(quán)人在質(zhì)權(quán)存續(xù)期間，未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)，造成質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向出質(zhì)人承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Article 217 Where a pledgee transfers, without consent of the pledger, the pledge within the duration of the pledge right, and thus destroy or loss are caused to the pledged properties, he/it shall make compensations to the pledger.

　　第二百一十八條 質(zhì)權(quán)人可以放棄質(zhì)權(quán)。債務(wù)人以自己的財產(chǎn)出質(zhì)，質(zhì)權(quán)人放棄該質(zhì)權(quán)的，其他擔(dān)保人在質(zhì)權(quán)人喪失優(yōu)先受償權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)免除擔(dān)保責(zé)任，但其他擔(dān)保人承諾仍然提供擔(dān)保的除外。

　　Article 218 A pledgee may abandon the pledge right. Where an obligor provide the pledge right by his/its own properties, and the pledgee abandons the pledge right, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same, other security providers’ security liability will be exempted within the scope for which the pledgee has lost the right to seek preferred payments.

　　第二百一十九條 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)或者出質(zhì)人提前清償所擔(dān)保的債權(quán)的，質(zhì)權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)返還質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。

　　Article 219 Where the obligor has paid off the debts or the pledger has fulfilled the secured obligee’s rights in advance, the pledgee shall return the pledged properties.

　　債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當(dāng)事人約定的實現(xiàn)質(zhì)權(quán)的情形，質(zhì)權(quán)人可以與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議以質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價，也可以就拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)所得的價款優(yōu)先受償。

　　Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the pledgee may, by negotiating with the pledger, convert the pledge into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off of the pledged properties.

　　質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價或者變賣的，應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場價格。

　　When converting the pledged properties into money or selling off them, their market price shall be referred to.

　　第二百二十條 出質(zhì)人可以請求質(zhì)權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿后及時行使質(zhì)權(quán);質(zhì)權(quán)人不行使的，出質(zhì)人可以請求人民法院拍賣、變賣質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。

　　Article 220 A pledger may, upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, request the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner; if the pledgee fails to do so, the pledger may ask for the people’s court to auction or sell off the pledged properties.

　　出質(zhì)人請求質(zhì)權(quán)人及時行使質(zhì)權(quán)，因質(zhì)權(quán)人怠于行使權(quán)利造成損害的，由質(zhì)權(quán)人承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Where a pledger has requested the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner, but the pledgee is lazy to do so and thus damages are caused, the pledgee shall make compensations.

　　第二百二十一條 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價或者拍賣、變賣后，其價款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸出質(zhì)人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。

　　Article 221 After pledged properties are converted into money, auctioned or sold off, the value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the pledger, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.

　　第二百二十二條 出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人可以協(xié)議設(shè)立最高額質(zhì)權(quán)。

　　Article 222 The pledger and the pledgee may, upon negotiation, set up the pledge right of maximum amount.

　　最高額質(zhì)權(quán)除適用本節(jié)有關(guān)規(guī)定外，參照本法第十六章第二節(jié)最高額抵押權(quán)的規(guī)定。

　　The pledge right of maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the related provisions in this Section, the provisions on mortgage right at maximum amount prescribed in Section 1I of Chapter 16 of the present Law by reference.

　　第二節(jié) 權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán) Section 1I Right Pledge

　　第二百二十三條 債務(wù)人或者第三人有權(quán)處分的下列權(quán)利可以出質(zhì)：

　　Article 223 Pledge may be established on any of the following rights which an obligor or third party has the right to dispose of:

　　(一) 匯票、支票、本票; (1) money orders, checks, and cashier’s checks;

　　(二) 債券、存款單; (2) bonds and deposit receipts;

　　(三) 倉單、提單; (3) warehouse receipts and lading bills;

　　(四) 可以轉(zhuǎn)讓的基金份額、股權(quán); (4) transferable fund units and stock rights;

　　(五) 可以轉(zhuǎn)讓的注冊商標(biāo)專用權(quán)、專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)等知識產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財產(chǎn)權(quán);

　　(5) such transferable property rights in intellectual property as exclusive trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights, etc;

　　(六) 應(yīng)收賬款; (6) account receivables; or

　　(七) 法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定可以出質(zhì)的其他財產(chǎn)權(quán)利。

　　(7) other property rights that can be pledged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation.

　　第二百二十四條 以匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單出質(zhì)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自權(quán)利憑證交付質(zhì)權(quán)人時設(shè)立;沒有權(quán)利憑證的，質(zhì)權(quán)自有關(guān)部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時設(shè)立。

　　Article 224 The parties concerned shall conclude a written contract for the pledge of a money order, check, cashier’s check, securities, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading. The pledge right shall be established after the deliver of the title certificate of the pledge to the pledgee. In case there is no title certificate, the pledge right shall be established after the related department has handled the registration of the pledge.

　　第二百二十五條 匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單的兌現(xiàn)日期或者提貨日期先于主債權(quán)到期的，質(zhì)權(quán)人可以兌現(xiàn)或者提貨，并與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議將兌現(xiàn)的價款或者提取的貨物提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。

　　Article 225 The pledgee may make redemption or pick up the goods, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments in advance with the redeemed money or the picked up goods, or submit the said money or goods to a competent authority for keeping，in case the date of redemption or delivery of the money order, check, cashier’s check, bonds, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or lading bill of is prior to the deadline of principal obligee’s rights.

　　第二百二十六條 以基金份額、股權(quán)出質(zhì)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。以基金份額、證券登記結(jié)算機構(gòu)登記的股權(quán)出質(zhì)的，質(zhì)權(quán)自證券登記結(jié)算機構(gòu)辦理出質(zhì)登記時設(shè)立;以其他股權(quán)出質(zhì)的，質(zhì)權(quán)自工商行政管理部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時設(shè)立。

　　Article 226 The parties concerned shall enter into a written contract for the pledge of fund units or stock rights. As regards the pledge of fund units or the stock rights that are registered in the securities depository and clearing institution, the pledge right shall be established after the securities depository and clearing institution has handled the registration of the pledge. As regards the pledge of other stock rights, the pledge right shall be established after the administrations for industry and commerce has handled the registration of the pledge.

　　基金份額、股權(quán)出質(zhì)后，不得轉(zhuǎn)讓，但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓基金份額、股權(quán)所得的價款，應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。

　　After the fund units or stock rights have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， they may not be alienated. As regards the money incurred from the transfer of fund units or stock rights， the pledger shall fulfill the obligee’s rights to the pledgee in advance with it, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

　　第二百二十七條 以注冊商標(biāo)專用權(quán)、專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)等知識產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財產(chǎn)權(quán)出質(zhì)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自有關(guān)主管部門辦理出質(zhì)登記時設(shè)立。

　　Article 227 As regards the pledge such property rights in the intellectual property as registered trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights，etc, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related competent authority has handled the registration of the pledge.

　　知識產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財產(chǎn)權(quán)出質(zhì)后，出質(zhì)人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓或者許可他人使用，但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓或者許可他人使用出質(zhì)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)中的財產(chǎn)權(quán)所得的價款，應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。

　　After the property rights in the intellectual property have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to between the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledge or permit anyone else to use it. As regards the money incurred from the alienation of the pledged intellectual property or the permission of anyone else to use it， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee’s rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

　　第二百二十八條 以應(yīng)收賬款出質(zhì)的，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立書面合同。質(zhì)權(quán)自信貸征信機構(gòu)辦理出質(zhì)登記時設(shè)立。

　　Article 228 As regards the pledge of receivables, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related credit rating institution has handled the registration of the pledge.

　　應(yīng)收賬款出質(zhì)后，不得轉(zhuǎn)讓，但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權(quán)人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉(zhuǎn)讓應(yīng)收賬款所得的價款，應(yīng)當(dāng)向質(zhì)權(quán)人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。

　　After the receivables have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed on by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledged receivables. As regards money incurred form the alienation of accounts receivable， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee’s rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

　　第二百二十九條 權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)除適用本節(jié)規(guī)定外，適用本章第一節(jié)動產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)的規(guī)定。

　　Article 229 The pledge of rights shall be governed by， in addition to the provisions prescribed in this Section， the provisions in Section 1 of this Chapter on the pledge of chattels.

　　第十八章 留置權(quán) Chapter XVIII Lien

　　第二百三十條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)，債權(quán)人可以留置已經(jīng)合法占有的債務(wù)人的動產(chǎn)，并有權(quán)就該動產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 230 Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts, the obligee may take lien of the chattels that are owned by the obligor and lawfully occupied by the obligee, and has the right to seek preferred payments from such chattels.

　　前款規(guī)定的債權(quán)人為留置權(quán)人，占有的動產(chǎn)為留置財產(chǎn)。

　　The “obligee” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the lienor, and the occupied chattels shall be the property under lien.

　　第二百三十一條 債權(quán)人留置的動產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)與債權(quán)屬于同一法律關(guān)系，但企業(yè)之間留置的除外。

　　Article 231 The chattels taken as lien by the obligee and the obligee’s rights shall fall into a same legal relationship, except for the lien between enterprises.

　　第二百三十二條 法律規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定不得留置的動產(chǎn)，不得留置。

　　Article 232 As regards chattels of which no lien may be taken as prescribed by law or stipulated by the parties concerned, lien may not be taken of them.

　　第二百三十三條 留置財產(chǎn)為可分物的，留置財產(chǎn)的價值應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于債務(wù)的金額。

　　Article 233 Where a property under lien is a divisible object, its value shall be equal to the amount of debts.

　　第二百三十四條 留置權(quán)人負(fù)有妥善保管留置財產(chǎn)的義務(wù);因保管不善致使留置財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Article 234 A lienor shall assume the obligation to properly keep the property under lien, and shall make compensations in case the property under lien is damaged or lost by virtue of improper safekeeping.

　　第二百三十五條 留置權(quán)人有權(quán)收取留置財產(chǎn)的孳息。

　　Article 235 A lienor has the right to obtain the fruits generated from the property under lien.

　　前款規(guī)定的孳息應(yīng)當(dāng)先充抵收取孳息的費用。

　　The “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for the payments of the expenses for collecting the fruits.

　　第二百三十六條 留置權(quán)人與債務(wù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)約定留置財產(chǎn)后的債務(wù)履行期間;沒有約定或者約定不明確的，留置權(quán)人應(yīng)當(dāng)給債務(wù)人兩個月以上履行債務(wù)的期間，但鮮活易腐等不易保管的動產(chǎn)除外。債務(wù)人逾期未履行的，留置權(quán)人可以與債務(wù)人協(xié)議以留置財產(chǎn)折價，也可以就拍賣、變賣留置財產(chǎn)所得的價款優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 236 A lienor shall, after the property is taken as lien, stipulate with the obligor the term for the fulfillment of the obligee’s rights; and in caseof no or unclear stipulation, two months or more shall be given to the obligor for fulfilling the obligee’s rights, except for such chattels that are not easy to be kept as fresh goods, perishable goods, etc.. Where the obligor fails to fulfill within the time limit, the lienor may convert the property under lien into money by negotiating with the obligor, or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off the property under lien.

　　留置財產(chǎn)折價或者變賣的，應(yīng)當(dāng)參照市場價格。

　　When the property under lien is converted into money or sold off, its market price should be referred to.

　　第二百三十七條 債務(wù)人可以請求留置權(quán)人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿后行使留置權(quán);留置權(quán)人不行使的，債務(wù)人可以請求人民法院拍賣、變賣留置財產(chǎn)。

　　Article 237 An obligor may, upon expiration of the time limit for fulfilling the obligee’s rights, require the lienor to exercise the lien; and where the lienor fails to do so, the obligor may ask for the people’s court to auction or sell off the property under lien.

　　第二百三十八條 留置財產(chǎn)折價或者拍賣、變賣后，其價款超過債權(quán)數(shù)額的部分歸債務(wù)人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。

　　Article 238 The obligor shall after the property under lien is converted into money, auctioned or sold off, enjoy the ownership of the value exceeding the obligee’s rights or make up shall be attributed to the gap.

　　第二百三十九條 同一動產(chǎn)上已設(shè)立抵押權(quán)或者質(zhì)權(quán)，該動產(chǎn)又被留置的，留置權(quán)人優(yōu)先受償。

　　Article 239 The lienor has the right to seek preferred payments in case the right to mortgage or the right of pledge has been established on a chattel before it is taken as lien.

　　第二百四十條 留置權(quán)人對留置財產(chǎn)喪失占有或者留置權(quán)人接受債務(wù)人另行提供擔(dān)保的，留置權(quán)消滅。

　　Article 240 The lien shall perish in case a lienor losses the possession of the property under lien or accepts other security separately provided by the obligor.

　　第五編 占有 Part V Possession

　　第十九章 占有 Chapter XIX Possession

　　第二百四十一條 基于合同關(guān)系等產(chǎn)生的占有，有關(guān)不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)的使用、收益、違約責(zé)任等，按照合同約定;合同沒有約定或者約定不明確的，依照有關(guān)法律規(guī)定。

　　Article 241 In case the possession occurs on the basis of a contractual relationship, the related stipulations in the contract shall be apply to the use, proceedings and default liability of the realty or chattel concerned; and the relevant legal provisions shall apply if there is no such stipulation in the contract or the stipulations are not clear,.

　　第二百四十二條 占有人因使用占有的不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)，致使該不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)受到損害的，惡意占有人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　　Article 242 Where a possessor causes infringes to the realty or chattel under his (its) possession when using them, it/he shall make compensations if being malicious.

　　第二百四十三條 不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)被占有人占有的，權(quán)利人可以請求返還原物及其孳息，但應(yīng)當(dāng)支付善意占有人因維護該不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)支出的必要費用。

　　Article 243 Where a realty or chattel is possessed by a possessor, the holder may ask for the return of original object and fruits thereof, but necessary expenses for the maintenance of this realty or chattel paid by the bone fide possessor shall be paid possessor l.

　　第二百四十四條 占有的不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)毀損、滅失，該不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)的權(quán)利人請求賠償?shù)模加腥藨?yīng)當(dāng)將因毀損、滅失取得的保險金、賠償金或者補償金等返還給權(quán)利人;權(quán)利人的損害未得到足夠彌補的，惡意占有人還應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償損失。

　　Article 244 Where a realty or chattel under possession is damaged or lost, the possessor shall return the insurance money, damages or indemnities for the said destruction or loss to the holder if the holder requires compensations; and a malicious possessor shall make compensations in case the impairment to the holder has not been sufficiently made up.

　　第二百四十五條 占有的不動產(chǎn)或者動產(chǎn)被侵占的，占有人有權(quán)請求返還原物;對妨害占有的行為，占有人有權(quán)請求排除妨害或者消除危險;因侵占或者妨害造成損害的，占有人有權(quán)請求損害賠償。

　　Article 245 Where a realty or chattel under possession is encroached on, the possessor has the right to require the return of the original object; where any act impairs the possession, the possessor has the right to request the termination of impairment or danger; and where any damage is caused by virtue of encroachment or interference, the possessor has the right to require compensations.

　　占有人返還原物的請求權(quán)，自侵占發(fā)生之日起一年內(nèi)未行使的，該請求權(quán)消滅。

　　The claim of a possessor for returning the original object shall perish, if the possessor fails to exercise it within one year as of the date of encroachment.

　　附　則 Supplementary Rules

　　第二百四十六條 法律、行政法規(guī)對不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記的范圍、登記機構(gòu)和登記辦法作出規(guī)定前，地方性法規(guī)可以依照本法有關(guān)規(guī)定作出規(guī)定。

　　Article 246 A local regulation may, before any law or administrative regulation prescribes the scope, organ and measures for uniform registration of realties, provide for related matters in accordance with the related provisions in the present Law.

　　第二百四十七條 本法自2007年10月1日起施行。

　　Article 247 The present Law shall enter into force as of October 1, 2007.