謚號 Posthumous name (比如漢武帝的武、晉元帝的元)

　　廟號 Temple name(比如唐太宗的太宗、元世祖的世祖)

　　年號 Era name 或者 Reign name(比如貞觀、嘉靖、康熙)

　　尊號 Regnal name(比如武則天的則天)

　　姓 Surname 或者 Family name

　　氏(先秦)Secondary surname 或者 Clan name (比如孔子姓是子，氏是孔)

　　名 Given name

　　字 Courtesy name 或者 Style name

　　號 Art name

　　名諱 True name

　　乳名 Birth name

　　法號 Dharma name

　　訓(xùn)名 School name

　　避諱 Taboo of names

　　爵位 Nobility rank

　　太子 Crown Prince

　　九爵 Nine orders of nobility

　　親王 Prince

　　郡王 Prefecture/Commandery Prince

　　國公 Duke

　　郡公 Prefecture/Commandery Duke

　　縣公 County/District Duke

　　侯爵 Marquis

　　伯爵 Count

　　子爵 Viscount

　　男爵 Baron

　　世襲的 Hereditary

　　封建 to enfeoff

　　皇后 Empress

　　妃 Consort 或 highly-ranked imperial concubines

　　品秩 Grade/Rank in the Bureaucracy

　　正一品 First Rank Officials

　　從一品 Sub-First Rank Officials

　　正四品上 Upper Fourth Rank Official

　　正四品下 Lower Fourth Rank Official

　　從四品上 Upper Sub-Fourth Rank Official

　　從四品下 Lower Sub-Fourth Rank Official

　　另外官品還有一種簡記法，比如正一品是1a，從一品是1b，正四品上是4a，正四品下是4a’，從四品上是4b，從四品下是4b’

　　奉朝請 People who qualified for imperial audiences

　　千牛衛(wèi) Imperial personal guard

　　千牛備身 Swordsmen in the personal guard

　　食邑 Feudatory land

　　官 Bureaucrat

　　吏 Government staff

　　四民 Four occupations(士農(nóng)工商分別是gentry scholars，peasants，craftsmen以及merchants)

　　軍閥的派系 Clique of xxx

　　凌遲 Death by a thousand cuts 或者就叫 Lingchi 然后解釋是一種cruel execution

　　腰斬 Death by cutting the waist

　　絞刑 Death by hanging

　　車裂 Death by dismembering the body

　　廷杖 Tingzhang, a type of punishment that the guilty official would be spanked by wooden planks

　　流放 Be banished/exiled to + 地名

　　追封 Posthumous enfeoffment

　　欽差大臣 Imperial government inspector

　　監(jiān)正 Supervisor of xxx directorate

　　詔書 Edict

　　奏章 Memorial to the emperor

　　俸祿 Salary for imperial officials

　　中央集權(quán) Centralization of authority

　　龍袍 Panlong Robe 或者 Chinese Imperial Dragon Robe

　　衙門 Administrative Office

　　中書令 Secretariat Director

　　中書舍人 Secretariat Drafter

　　中書門下 Secretariat-Chancellery

　　同中書門下平章事 Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery

　　中散大夫 Grand Master of Palace Leisure

　　大理寺 Imperial Court of Justice

　　鴻盧寺 Office of Foreign Affairs

　　光祿寺 Office of Imperial Kitchen

　　著作局 Editorial office

　　轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)使 Transport Commissioner

　　處置使 Supervisory Commissioner, an official that arranges and disposes of matters

　　黜陟使 Personnel Evaluation Commissioner, an official that evaluates, promotes or demotes other officials

　　國子監(jiān) Directorate of Education

　　將作院 Imperial Manufactories Commission

　　御史臺 Censorate

　　法司 Judicial office

　　翰林院 Hanlin Academy, an organization in the central court with scholars who did drafting and editing works for the emperor

　　京兆尹 Metropolitan governor of capital city

　　教坊司 Imperial office of music

　　東宮 The House of Crown Prince 或者 The Eastern Palace for Crown Prince

　　諫議大夫 Supervisory officer

　　光祿大夫 Grand Master of the Palace 其中金紫光祿大夫在后面加with golden seal and purple ribbon，銀青光祿大夫在后面加with silver seal and blue ribbon

　　假節(jié)：一般說Jiajie，然后解釋，an official with a special warrant/permission to represent the emperor

　　主簿 Recorder 或者 assistant magistrate

　　主書 Assistant drafters

　　主事 Director/secretary of xxx section in xxx ministry

　　主司 Examiner 或者 recruiter，相當(dāng)于古代政府的HR

　　漕運(yùn)：一般來說就是Caoyun，然后解釋是 ground and water transportation operated/controlled by the government

　　茶馬交易 Tea-Horse Trade

　　羈縻制度 Jimi system (A special type of administrative system enforced by Tang and Song dynasties in remote areas where hereditary tribal rulers receive duties from the central court while keeping the high degree of autonomy)，和后來明朝的土司制度相似 Tusi system (土司本人有時翻譯成Chieftains或者Local headmen)

　　進(jìn)士 Nominees who passed the highest-level Imperial Examinations (court exams 殿試)，有地方直接說是Jnshi(復(fù)數(shù)Jinshies)并解釋是Imperial examination graduates，其中進(jìn)士及第是distinguished jinshies，進(jìn)士出身是xxx with jinshi background，同進(jìn)士出身是along with jinshi background

　　貢士 Nominees who passed the national-level Imperial Examinations

　　舉人 Recommendees/nominees who passed the local-level (provincial-level) Imperial Examinations

　　秀才/生員 Scholars/Educated people (qualified for local-level Imperial Examinations)

　　童生 Scholars haven’t qualified for the local-level Imperial Examinations

　　岡仁波齊 Mount Kailash

　　蔥嶺 Pamir Plateau

　　興都庫什山 Hindukush Mountains

　　燕然山 Khangai Mountains

　　華陽國志 Chronicles of Huayang

　　三字經(jīng) Three Character Classic

　　百家姓 Hundred Family Surnames

　　千字文 Thousand Character Classic