五、戒結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，組合生硬 拉郎配

由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)不同，表達(dá)方式迥異，硬性翻譯不僅讀起來別扭，而且會(huì)鬧出笑話。這就要求譯者在翻譯時(shí)靈活使用整合的技巧，將句子整合，凸顯漢語中所隱含的層次，補(bǔ)充所缺失的成分。有時(shí)要將簡單句譯成并列句，有時(shí)將并列句譯成主從句。

在紀(jì)念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚會(huì)時(shí)，我忽然問起原來的班主任：我個(gè)子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？

At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?"

一個(gè)高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴，禿頭老板親自蹲下來給她效勞。

When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.

黑體字部分，正是契合了英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

六、戒愚忠，不諳增減之道

我們耳熟能詳?shù)臇|西外國人可能會(huì)感到一頭霧水，譯者需要增加必要的說明和補(bǔ)充或者減譯。否則，外國人會(huì)不知所云。畢竟，漢譯英最終是給外國人看的。

例如：風(fēng)水

fengshuithe location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.

例如：（美國對臺(tái)）三不政策

會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小。

One day I shall climb

Clear to the summit,

See how small surrounding

Mountain tops appear as they lie below me

（新西蘭人路易·艾黎譯《杜甫·望岳》）

I can't open my eyes to watch you jumping into the fiery pit, for I will shut my eyes at the time.

我不會(huì)眼睜睜看著你往火坑里跳，到時(shí)候我會(huì)閉上的。

不要嫌我黑，兩眼放光輝；不要嫌我瘦，一身好精肉。

Do not Cold-shoulder me for my swarthy(黝黑的) face, but I have a pair of bright piercing(敏銳的) eyes;

Do not Cold-shoulder me for my slight figure, but I’m lean and healthy.

文中the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.

on support for Taiwan independence, no support for a two-China policy, and on support for Taiwan membership in international organizations on the basis of statehood.

七、戒語句重復(fù)

漢語多重復(fù)，以強(qiáng)化語氣；英語則要盡量避免重復(fù)。

先生曰：狼負(fù)我，狼負(fù)我！狼曰：吾非固欲負(fù)汝。天生汝輩，固需吾輩食也。

"You are an ungrateful beast," complained the man.

"Not at all," retorted the wolf, "it is not that I’m ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour."

（顏惠慶譯《馬中錫·中山狼傳》）

王曰：此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。

"The bird may not have flown yet", replied the King,"Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone."

?。顟椧孀g《史記·滑稽列傳》

阿凡提借了財(cái)主一錠金子，還他時(shí)給了他兩錠。

Afanty borrowed a small ingot of gold from a moneybags, but repaid him two ones.

（選自艾臨《幽默新大陸》）

又斗爭，又團(tuán)結(jié)，以斗爭的手段，達(dá)團(tuán)結(jié)之目的。

Unity, struggle, unity through struggle.

中國人也好，外國人也好，死人也好，活人也好，對的就是對的，不對的就是不對的。

What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.

八、戒另起爐灶，走失精氣神，淪為法國作家梅納日所批評的 不忠的美人即語言優(yōu)美但不忠于原文。（參見2005年08月26日《濟(jì)南日報(bào)》： 艾臨文章《不忠的美人與忠實(shí)的美人寫在〈每天幽它一默〉出版后》）嚴(yán)復(fù)在翻譯《天演論》時(shí)偶 有為雅而不信 （見陳廷佑《英文漢譯技巧》）。譯文要力求其信，盡可能契合漢語原來渥擁鈉?、情绪和结构?

例如，元朝人王實(shí)甫寫下了《西廂記》，張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯

掏出張生那封信，回頭環(huán)視見梳妝臺(tái)上的梳妝盒，眼睛一轉(zhuǎn)，心里說有了，將信放了進(jìn)去，合上蓋時(shí)故意壓了一角露在外面。

Rose took out Zhang’s letter, she thought, It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself. So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed.

不難看出，譯文與原文相去甚遠(yuǎn)，互不吻合，成了兩張皮。

我們不希望這件事影響中美關(guān)系。

China hates to see Sino-US relations damaged by this incident.

用China hates to比We don’t hope貼切。

吾十五有志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲不愈矩。

At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning truth; at thirty, my words deeds were appropriate; at forty, I perceived truth and doubts ceased; at fifty, I understood what heaven had mandated for mankind; at sixty, I could comply with the appointments of heaven; at seventy, I could do as my heart desired, and never swerved from the path of right.

?。ń鹋媪刈g《論語》）

你已經(jīng)死在過深的怨憤里了嗎？

死？不，不，我還活著

請給我以火，給我以火！

Have you perished in this deep rancor and bitterness?

Death? No, no. I’m still alive.

Please give me a light, give me a light!