否定代理關系或合伙關系條款翻譯模板
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這一類條款的目的是防止合同雙方的關系被理解為某種形式的代理關系或者合伙關系。對于代理關系而言,這一條款往往會限禁止合同的一方代表合同的另一方進行某項活動,從而防止代理關系被建立(這里需要注意:表見代理或默示代理(implied agency:implied from the their conduct by implied agreement (Garnac Grain )法院依當事人的行為和案件的事實,通過尋找默示合同關系,進而發(fā)現(xiàn)當事人之間的代理關系)抑或暗含的實際代理(implied actual agency。在這一種情況下,代理人必須有實際的代理權(quán)。然而一定的情況下,代理人可以超出被代理人授權(quán)范圍,取得某些未包含在代理協(xié)議中的代理權(quán)限。一般而言,該情況可能發(fā)生于附帶授權(quán)(incidental authority),通常授權(quán)(usual authority)以及習慣性授權(quán)(customary authority)))。這一條款仍然可以被用來建立代理關系。
而對于合作關系而言,這一條款的目的則是防止合作成為實質(zhì)上的合伙人關系,從而承擔合伙人責任。依據(jù)《合伙條例》第三條(also see Partnership ACT 1890 for UK‘s position),合伙是指為牟利而共同經(jīng)營業(yè)務的人之間所存在的關系。法院在審理這一類案件時會依據(jù)案件的實際情況,而不是合約來斷定是否存在合伙關系。所以這一條款雖然不能完全防止合同被解釋為合伙關系,但是可以作為一種防止的機制。
例子:
No Partnership:Nothing in this agreement shall be deemed to constitute a partnership between the parties
否認合伙關系:本協(xié)議任何規(guī)定不得解釋為構(gòu)成雙方之間的合伙關系。
No agency: Nothing in this agreement shall be deemed to constitute either Party the agent of agent of the other party. Neither Party shall have any authority to make any commitments on the other party’s behalf.
否認代理關系:本協(xié)議任何規(guī)定不得被視為任一方作為另一方的代理。任一方均無權(quán)代表對方做出任何承諾。
No Partnership, agency: This agreement shall not constitute or imply any partnership, joint venture, agency, fiduciary relationship or other relationship between the Parties other than the contractual relationship expressent that it has, any authority to make any commitments on the other Party’s behalf.
Assertion of agency relationship: Party A enters into this agreement [both as principal, and] as agent for Company X, and warrants and represents that it has been duly authorized by Company X to enter into this agreement on Company X’s behalf.
No disclosed principal: [Party A] warrants that it is not the nominee or agent of any undisclosed principal and that it will assume sole and complete responsibility for the performance of the obligations in this agreement expressed to be performed by [Party A].
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