排比有兩個(gè)字的,三個(gè)字的,四個(gè)的短語(yǔ),也有短語(yǔ),句子的排比,下面我就來(lái)談一下排比句翻譯的具體方法(本文文學(xué)翻譯的例子均出自<張培基英譯現(xiàn)代散文選>)

　　一,直譯法,

　　1,因?yàn)樗且环N“長(zhǎng)期抗戰(zhàn)”的力，有彈性，能屈能伸的力，有韌性，不達(dá)目的不止的力。

　　The rock is utterly helpless before this force — a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached.

　　2,愛(ài)逐臭爭(zhēng)利，錙銖必較的，請(qǐng)到長(zhǎng)街鬧市去;愛(ài)輕嘴薄舌的，爭(zhēng)是論非的，請(qǐng)到茶館酒樓去;愛(ài)鑼鼓鉦鏜，管弦嗷嘈的，請(qǐng)到歌臺(tái)劇院去;愛(ài)寧?kù)o淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在歡迎你。

　　Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!

　　3這里有美麗的山水，肥沃的田疇，同時(shí)又有黑暗的監(jiān)獄和刑場(chǎng)。在這里壞人得志、好人受苦，正義受到摧殘。在這里人們?yōu)榱藸?zhēng)取自由，不得不從事殘酷的斗爭(zhēng)。在這里人們?cè)诔运耐惖娜恕?mdash;—那許多的慘酷的景象，那許多的悲痛的回憶!

　　Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories!

　　以上三例,都出自<張培基英譯現(xiàn)代散文選>,屬于文學(xué)翻譯,三者的共同之處就在于都采取了平行結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯原文中的排比句,這樣做的好處是最大限度地保留了和原文的對(duì)等, 以基本保留原文的形式美和聲音美,而直譯法也是文學(xué)翻譯排比句的常用手法~

　　4, 不管國(guó)際風(fēng)云如何變幻，中國(guó)政府和人民都將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作旗幟??

　　Whatever changes take place in the international situation, the

　　Chinese government and people will always hold high the banner of

　　peace, development and cooperation.

　　5,過(guò)去十多年來(lái),中國(guó)一貫積極倡導(dǎo)和踐行互信,互利,平等,協(xié)作的新安全觀.

　　For more than a decade, China has been a strong champion of new security outlook, which has at its very core mutual trust ,mutual benefit ,equity and coordination.

　　“和平、發(fā)展、合作”和”互信,互利,平等,協(xié)作”都是最基本的二字格排比，所以字面直譯是最簡(jiǎn)單快捷的處理方法。直譯一般出現(xiàn)于二字格，三字格排比中，因?yàn)檫@兩種類型多屬于固定搭配，一般不存在太多的翻譯技巧處理。

　　二,合并或減譯

　　1, 我的生活曾經(jīng)是悲苦的、黑暗的。然而朋友們把多量的同情、多量的愛(ài)、多量的歡樂(lè)、多量的眼淚分了給我.這些東西都是生存所必需的。(巴金《朋友》)

　　There was a time when my hfe was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy，love joy and tears— things essential for existence.

　　譯文把“多量的同情、多量的愛(ài)、多量的歡樂(lè)、多量的眼淚”中的多量合并，只用了一個(gè)“large quantities”。

　　2,最近,中國(guó)組建了國(guó)家安全委員會(huì),提出了國(guó)家總體安全觀,即以人民安全為宗旨,以政治安全為根本,以經(jīng)濟(jì)安全為基礎(chǔ),以軍事,文化,社會(huì)安全為保障,以促進(jìn)國(guó)際安全為依托,走出一條中國(guó)特色國(guó)家安全道路.

　　Recently,China has launched a new National Security Comission and prosped a new holistic approach to national security .This new Chinese approach encompasses many aspects of security,including security of the people, of the political system,the economy ,defense ,culture, society and international environment.

　　本句中”為宗旨,為根本,為保障,為依托”并不是在強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的地位或作用,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)這些內(nèi)容都包含在”國(guó)家總體安全觀”中,因此進(jìn)行了合理的壓縮。

　　燕子去了，有再來(lái)的時(shí)候;楊柳枯了，有再青的時(shí)候;桃花謝了，有再開(kāi)的時(shí)候。(朱自清《匆匆》)

　　If SWalOWS go away，they will come back again.If willows wither，they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade，they wm flower gain.

　　增譯if 使得行文更加流暢

　　三,使用同義詞替換,

　　于是— — 洗手的時(shí)候，日子從水盆里過(guò)去;吃飯的時(shí)候，日子從飯碗里過(guò)去;默默時(shí)，便從凝然的雙眼前過(guò)去。(朱自清《匆匆》)

　　Thus the day flows away through the sink when 1 wash my hands;vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.

　　原文中三個(gè)分句都重復(fù)了“過(guò)去”，譯文則分別采 用“flows away”、“vanishes”、“passes away”三個(gè)同義詞組進(jìn)行一一對(duì)應(yīng)。這樣譯文中既構(gòu)成了和原文相似的、平行的句法結(jié)構(gòu).又避免了完全的重復(fù)。

　　四,語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換與重組(常見(jiàn)于政經(jīng)類文章)

　　向促改革要?jiǎng)恿?，向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力，向惠民生要潛力, 既擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)需求，又增加有效供給，努力做到結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。

　　We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

　　本句中三個(gè)”向…要”分別采用不同句式,避免了句式的重復(fù),另外,為了避免”一逗到底”情況,譯文三句一斷,保證譯文清晰流暢. 當(dāng)處理排比分句較多的情況時(shí)，必須以仔細(xì)分析原旬，理清各分句問(wèn)的關(guān)系為前提，分別或綜合使用不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)或者分詞結(jié)構(gòu)將原句重組，以體現(xiàn)出原文字里行間的邏輯,也符合英語(yǔ)的”樹(shù)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”.

　　綜上,我們可以看出,漢語(yǔ)排比句式在譯成英文時(shí)，不可以機(jī)械地照序直譯，而應(yīng)當(dāng)首先弄清組成詞組或句子之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，按照英語(yǔ)并列句式的組句特點(diǎn)來(lái)翻譯。在符合英語(yǔ)句子表達(dá)習(xí)慣的前提下追求排比句式上的對(duì)等。

　　而直譯法多用于字?jǐn)?shù)比較少的詞語(yǔ)的排比中,在四字格以及不限字?jǐn)?shù)排比上應(yīng)用較少，不同于二字格一般屬于詞組形式，多字格通常涉及短語(yǔ)及句子，在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上若是拘泥于字面直譯便容易造成死譯，導(dǎo)致譯文不夠通順。