Writer and actor Larry David is behind some of America's most popular television shows, including Seinfeldand Curb Your Enthusiasm. The shows often discuss the details of everyday life in a funny way.

　　One time on Curb Your Enthusiasm, David criticized the use of emojis -- symbols often used in text messages and internet exchanges.

　　作家兼演員拉里·戴維(Larry David)是美國一些最受歡迎的電視節(jié)目的幕后主持人，其中包括《森菲爾德》和《遏制你的熱情》。 這些節(jié)目經(jīng)常以有趣的方式討論日常生活的細節(jié)。

　　大衛(wèi)在《遏制熱情》一書中批評了表情符號的使用-表情符號是短信和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交流中經(jīng)常使用的符號。

　　She texted me.

　　She texted you. How adorable.

　　Yeah... smiley face at the end.

　　Oh! Smiley face, see I hate that.

　　她發(fā)短信給我。

　　她發(fā)短信給你。 多可愛。

　　是的...最后是笑臉。

　　哦! 笑臉，看到我討厭。

　　I told her about the smiley faces, I can't stand it! And everybody uses them!

　　On today's report, we will discuss grammar and digital communication. We will talk about emojis and the kinds of words they replace. We will also talk about the different ways people around the world use emojis.

　　我告訴她笑臉，我受不了! 每個人都在使用它們!

　　在今天的報告中，我們將討論語法和數(shù)字通信。 我們將討論表情符號及其替換的詞種。 我們還將討論世界各地人們使用表情符號的不同方式。

　　Increased use of emojis

　　Emojis have their roots in Japan. Their name comes from the Japanese words for "picture" and "characters." They have been common for years in Japanese electronic messages and Web pages. Over time, people in other countries came to adopt them, too. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the "face with tears of joy" emoji as the word of the year.

　　表情符號起源于日本。它們的名稱來自日語單詞“圖片”和“字符”。多年來，它們在日語電子消息和網(wǎng)頁中很常見。隨著時間的流逝，其他國家的人們也開始采用它們。 2015年，牛津詞典將“充滿喜悅的眼淚的面孔”表情符號命名為年度最佳詞匯。

　　You might be asking yourself about the link between emojis and grammar. The first key point is this: Sometimes emojis act as a kind of language to communicate important information about emotions or attitudes. These emotions or attitudes might be difficult to express in writing, yet they are part of the idea the writer wants to send. For example, when people speak to each other, they often use their faces and voices to give a lot of information.

　　您可能會問自己關(guān)于表情符號和語法之間的聯(lián)系。第一個關(guān)鍵點是：有時表情符號可以作為一種語言來傳達有關(guān)情緒或態(tài)度的重要信息。這些情感或態(tài)度可能很難用書面表達，但它們卻是作者想要傳達的想法的一部分。例如，當(dāng)人們彼此交談時，他們經(jīng)常使用自己的臉和聲音來提供很多信息。

　　The website emojitrackerfollows all emojis used on Twitter. It lists the most popular emojis on the social media platform. You might not be surprised to learn that some of the most popular emojis have a face.

　　The most popular emoji is still "the face with tears of joy." The second most popular emoji, according to emojitracker, is the "grinning face with the smiling eyes."

　　網(wǎng)站emojitracker跟蹤Twitter上使用的所有表情符號。它列出了社交媒體平臺上最受歡迎的表情符號。得知某些最受歡迎的表情符號有表情，您可能會不會感到驚訝。

　　最受歡迎的表情符號仍然是“充滿喜悅的眼淚的臉”。根據(jù)emojitracker的說法，第二個最受歡迎的表情符號是“笑臉咧著嘴笑”。

　　The limits of emoji and grammar

　　Our second key point is this: Emojis fit into English grammar in certain kinds of ways. And experts think there are limits on how complex emoji grammar can become.

　　A 2019 studyby researchers in the Netherlands found that emojis were more likely to replace nouns and adjectives. They were less likely to replace verbs and adverbs.

　　我們的第二個關(guān)鍵點是：表情符號以某種方式適合英語語法。 而且專家認為，復(fù)雜的表情符號語法如何變得存在局限性。

　　荷蘭研究人員在2019年進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，表情符號更有可能取代名詞和形容詞。 他們不太可能替換動詞和副詞。

　　The researchers noted, "No prepositions or determiners were substituted" by emojis.

　　Prepositions refer to words such as "in," "on," or "at." These words often show the location of nouns.

　　研究人員指出，“沒有介詞或限定詞被表情符號代替”。

　　介詞是指諸如“在...中”，“在...上”或“在...處”之類的詞。 這些詞經(jīng)常顯示名詞的位置。

　　Determiners are words such as "the" or "these." They give information about a noun.

　　The study pointed out that emoji-only communication was very simple.

　　限定詞是諸如“ the”或“ these”之類的詞。 他們提供有關(guān)名詞的信息。

　　研究指出，僅表情符號交流非常簡單。

　　One of the reasons is that users cannot change how they present the emojis. Also, vocabulary depends on existing emojis. Expressing feelings or attitudes outside the available choices is difficult.

　　原因之一是用戶無法更改其顯示表情符號的方式。 另外，詞匯量取決于現(xiàn)有的表情符號。 在可用選擇之外表達想法或態(tài)度很困難。

　　Emojis and other languages

　　A 2016 reportnoted differences in how people around the world use emojis. The researchers found that "users from France are more likely to use emojis."

　　The researchers also found that users in France were "more likely to use emojis related to hearts, while users from other countries prefer emojis related to faces."

　　2016年的一份報告指出了全世界人們使用表情符號的方式的差異。 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，“來自法國的用戶更可能使用表情符號。”

　　研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，法國的用戶“更可能使用與心臟相關(guān)的表情符號，而其他國家的用戶則更喜歡與面部相關(guān)的表情符號”。

　　While how much these trends may have changed over the past few years is unclear, we bring up this point to get you thinking about how emojis are used in your native language.

　　How do you feel about emojis? Do you give them a frowning mouth with scrunched eyebrows, like Larry David? Or a grinning face with smiling eyes?

　　雖然這些趨勢在過去幾年中可能發(fā)生了多少變化尚不清楚，但我們提出這一點是為了讓您考慮一下表情符號在您的母語中的使用方式。

　　您對表情符號有什么感覺? 您像拉里·戴維(Larry David)那樣皺著眉頭，皺著眉頭嗎? 還是笑嘻嘻的笑臉?

　　Write to us in the comments section.

　　在評論部分給我們寫信。

　　重點詞匯：

　　Words in This Story：

　　adorable – adj.very appealing or attractive; very lovable

　　digital – adj.using or characterized by computer technology

　　trend– n.a general direction of change : a way of behaving, proceeding, etc., that is developing and becoming more common

　　character – n.a symbol (such as a letter or number) that is used in writing or printing

　　attitude – n.the way you think and feel about someone or something

　　grin– v.to smile widely

　　scrunched– adj.with tightened the muscles.