Uniform Apportionment of Tort Responsibility Act

　　(Rule section Last Revised or Amended in 2003)

　　美國統(tǒng)一侵權(quán)責(zé)任分擔(dān)法(2003年最后修訂版)

　　Copyright ©2003 by NCCUSL(National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws)

　　美國統(tǒng)一州法委員會

　　SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 第1條簡稱

　　This [act] may be cited as the Uniform Apportionment of Tort Responsibility Act.

　　本法被引用時應(yīng)被稱為《統(tǒng)一侵權(quán)責(zé)任分擔(dān)法》

　　SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS. 第2條定義

　　In this [act]: 在本法中：

　　(1) Contributory fault includes contributory negligence, misuse of a product, unreasonable failure to avoid or mitigate harm, and assumption of risk unless the risk is expressly assumed in a legally enforceable release or similar agreement.

　　助成過錯包括助成過失、產(chǎn)品誤用、不合理的未能避免或者減輕損害，以及自擔(dān)風(fēng)險除非該風(fēng)險已經(jīng)在某一具有法律強(qiáng)制力的免除或者類似協(xié)議中被明示。

　　(2)"Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.

　　人是指一個自然人、法人、企業(yè)聯(lián)合、遺產(chǎn)、信托、合伙、有限責(zé)任公司、協(xié)會、合資企業(yè)、公眾公司、政府，或者政府部門、代理以及所屬分支機(jī)構(gòu)，或者其他任何法律或商業(yè)實體。

　　(3)Released person means a person that would be liable for damages to a claimant for personal injury or harm to property if the person had not been discharged from liability under Section 8 [or 9].

　　被免責(zé)人是指如果未因第8條(或第9條)被免除責(zé)任則要對請求權(quán)人關(guān)于人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失的賠償金負(fù)責(zé)的人

　　(4)Responsibility, with respect to a claim for damages for personal injury or harm to property, means the legal consequences of an act or omission that is the basis for liability or a defense in whole or in part.

　　責(zé)任，就關(guān)于人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失的賠償金而言，是指作為責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)或者全部或部分抗辯的作為或者不作為的法律后果。

　　Legislative Note: If Section 9 of this Act is adopted as part of this Act, the brackets in the definition of released person in paragraph (3) should be deleted. If it is not adopted as part of this Act but is adopted as an amendment to the workers’ compensation statutes, the brackets and words within should be deleted and replaced with a cross reference to the amended section of the workers’ compensation statute. If Section 9 is not adopted at all, both the brackets and words within should be deleted.

　　立法指南：如果本法第9條被采納作為本法的一部分，第3款對被免責(zé)人定義中的括號就應(yīng)該被去掉。如果未被采納作為本法的一部分，但作為工人賠償法律的修正案，那么括號及其中的文字就應(yīng)該被刪除并替換為參見工人賠償法律修正條文的參照條款。如果第9條完全未被采納，括號及其中的文字應(yīng)該被刪除。

　　SECTION 3. EFFECT OF CONTRIBUTORY FAULT.第3條助成過錯的效力

　　(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), in an action seeking damages for personal injury or harm to property based on negligence or on any other claim for which the claimant may be subject to a defense in whole or part based on contributory fault, any contributory fault chargeable to the claimant diminishes the amount that the claimant otherwise would be entitled to recover as compensatory damages for the injury or harm by the percentage of responsibility assigned to the claimant pursuant to Section 4.

　　除本條(b)款規(guī)定的情形，在一場要求人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失的賠償金的訴訟中，如果基于的是過失或者其他請求權(quán)人可能面臨基于助成過錯的全部或者部分抗辯的請求，任何可歸因于請求權(quán)人的助成過錯按照基于第4條分配給他的責(zé)任百分比相應(yīng)的減少請求權(quán)人本來可以被判決獲得的恢復(fù)人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失的損害賠償金的數(shù)量。

　　(b) If the claimant’s contributory fault is [equal to or] greater than the combined responsibility of all other parties and released persons whose responsibility is determined to have caused personal injury to or harm to property of the claimant, the claimant may not recover any damages.

　　如果請求權(quán)人的助成過錯(等同于或者)超過其他各方和造成請求權(quán)人人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失責(zé)任已被確定的被免責(zé)人的責(zé)任總和，該請求權(quán)人不能獲得任何賠償。

　　(c) In a jury trial, the court shall instruct the jury regarding the legal effect of its answers to interrogatories, made pursuant to Section 4, on a claimant’s right to recover damages under subsection (b).

　　在陪審團(tuán)審理中，法院應(yīng)該指示陪審團(tuán)注意其對質(zhì)詢書的回答將產(chǎn)生的法律效力，按照本法第4條，關(guān)涉請求權(quán)人基于本條(b)款獲得損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利。

　　Legislative Note: The significance of the brackets in subsection (b) is explained in the comments. Basically, the legislature is given a choice. It may choose one of three types of comparative fault plans. The comments explain how each choice may be implemented.

　　立法指南：本條(b)款括號的重要性在本條評論中有說明?；旧希⒎ㄊ墙o出一種選擇?？赡苓x擇三種比較過錯的方案中的一種。本條評論對每種選擇如何施行進(jìn)行了說明。

　　SECTION 4. FINDING DAMAGES ATTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITY.

　　第4條確定賠償金;歸責(zé)

　　(a) In an action to recover damages for personal injury or harm to property involving the responsibility of more than one party or a released person, the court shall instruct the jury to answer special interrogatories or, if there is no jury, make findings:

　　在一場要求人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失的賠償金的訴訟中，涉及了超過一方或一個被免責(zé)人的責(zé)任時，法院應(yīng)該指示陪審團(tuán)對質(zhì)詢書進(jìn)行回答，或者如果并無陪審團(tuán)，作出裁決：

　　(1) stating the amount of damages that a claimant would be entitled to recover if any contributory fault were disregarded;

　　述明如果不考慮任何助成過錯時，請求權(quán)人可能被判決獲得的賠償金數(shù)目。

　　(2) stating, as to each claim, the percentage of the total responsibility of all the parties and released persons attributed to each claimant, defendant, and released person that caused the injury or harm;

　　針對每一請求述明，歸屬于每一造成了損害或者傷害的請求權(quán)人、被告和被免責(zé)人的所有責(zé)任方和被免責(zé)人的總責(zé)任百分比

　　(3) regarding whether any of the parties or released persons acted in concert or with an intent to cause personal injury or harm to property; and

　　考慮是否任何方或者被免責(zé)人的共同行為或者故意行為導(dǎo)致人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失;并且

　　(4) regarding any other issue of fact fairly raised by the evidence which is necessary to make a determination under Section 5 or enter judgment under Section 6.

　　考慮其他有證據(jù)清楚證明的事實有必要基于第5條作出決定或者基于第6條進(jìn)行判決登記。

　　(b) In determining percentages of responsibility, the trier of fact shall consider:

　　在決定責(zé)任比例時，事實調(diào)查者應(yīng)該考慮 ：

　　(1) the nature of the conduct of each party and released person determined to be responsible;and

　　各方和被確定應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的免責(zé)人的行為性質(zhì);和

　　(2) the extent of the causal relation between the conduct and the damages claimed.

　　行為和請求的賠償金之間的因果關(guān)系范圍。

　　(c) The court shall determine the extent to which the responsibility of one party, which is based on the act or omission of another party, warrants that the parties be treated as a single party for the purpose of submitting interrogatories to the jury or making findings under subsection (a).

　　法院應(yīng)該對基于另一方的作為或者不作為的某方責(zé)任范圍作出決定，保證為向陪審團(tuán)提交質(zhì)詢書或者基于本條(a)款作出裁決時各方被共同視為單獨一方。

　　SECTION5.DETERMINING DAMAGE AWARD;REALLOCATION OF UNCOLLECTIBLE SHARE.

　　第5條決定損害判決;重新分配無法受償?shù)姆蓊~

　　(a) After the trier of fact has answered interrogatories or made findings pursuant to Section 4, the court shall determine, in accordance with the percentages of responsibility found, the monetary amount of any award of damages to a claimant, the amount of the several share for which each party found liable is responsible, and any amount attributable to a released person.

　　根據(jù)第4條事實調(diào)查者回答了質(zhì)詢書或者作出裁定后，法院應(yīng)該作出與確定的責(zé)任百分比一致的決定，包括任何判決給請求權(quán)人的金錢數(shù)量，被確定有責(zé)任的每一方應(yīng)該單獨負(fù)責(zé)的責(zé)任份額的數(shù)量，和應(yīng)該歸屬于被免責(zé)人的數(shù)量。

　　(b) After the court has made its determinations pursuant to subsection (a), a claimant, no later than [the time permitted for filing a motion for new trial] [90 days after the entry of judgment for the plaintiff], may move the court to determine whether all or part of the amount of the several share for which a party is liable will not be reasonably collectible and request reallocation. If the court based on a preponderance of the evidence determines that the party’s share will not be reasonably collectible, the court shall make findings reallocating the uncollectible share severally to the other parties, including the claimant, and any released person. Reallocation must be made in the proportion that each party’s and released person’s respective percentage of responsibility bears to the total of the percentages of responsibility attributed to the parties, including the claimant, and any released person but not including the percentage being reallocated.

　　在法院根據(jù)本條(a)款作出決定后，請求權(quán)人，不遲于(提交申請?zhí)崞鹦略V訟的時間允許范圍內(nèi))(原告判決登記后90天)，可以向法院提出確定是否所有或者部分責(zé)任方應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的單獨份額不能合理受償并要求重新分配。如果法院基于優(yōu)勢證據(jù)決定某方的份額不能合理受償，法院應(yīng)該作出裁決重新將不能受償?shù)姆蓊~分別分配給其他各方，包括請求權(quán)人，和任何被免責(zé)人。重新分配必須根據(jù)各方和被免責(zé)人各自的責(zé)任份額在整個責(zé)任百分比中可歸屬于各方的比例進(jìn)行，包括請求權(quán)人，和任何被免責(zé)人，但不包括被重新分配的百分比。

　　(c) A party whose liability is reallocated remains liable to a claimant for any additional share of responsibility allocated to the claimant. A party that discharges an additional share of responsibility allocated to it pursuant to subsection (b) has a right of reimbursement from the party from which the share was reallocated. Upon motion, the court in the judgment entered under Section 6 shall declare the rights and obligations resulting from the reallocation, including any rights and obligations with regard to subrogation or a secured position. If any party to whom reallocation has been made holds a secured position with regard to the share reallocated, each party to whom reallocation has been made has a proportionate share in the secured position. Any amount recovered under this subsection from a party whose liability has been reallocated must be distributed to each of the parties to whom the reallocation was made in the same proportion as the original reallocation.

　　責(zé)任被重新分配的一方，仍然對請求權(quán)人被重新分配給他的新增責(zé)任份額負(fù)責(zé)。清償了基于本條(b)款分配的新增責(zé)任份額的一方，獲得了從被重新分配份額的一方退還的權(quán)利。根據(jù)申請，判決中的法院根據(jù)第6條進(jìn)行登記時，應(yīng)該宣布源于重新分配產(chǎn)生的新權(quán)利和義務(wù)，包括任何關(guān)于代位權(quán)或者被擔(dān)保地位的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。如果任何被重新分配的一方在被重新分配的份額上具有被擔(dān)保地位，任何被重新分配的其他方具有相應(yīng)比例的被擔(dān)保地位。任何基于本款從被重新分配份額的一方獲得的清償均應(yīng)該按照原重新分配的比例分配給被重新分配份額的各方。

　　(d)Reallocation does not make a released person liable for any reallocated share of responsibility unless the release or other agreement so provides.

　　重新分配并不導(dǎo)致被免責(zé)人對任何被重新分配責(zé)任份額負(fù)責(zé)，除非免責(zé)或者其他協(xié)議有規(guī)定。

　　(e) If a motion for reallocation is made, any party may conduct discovery regarding any issue relevant to the motion.

　　如果重新分配的申請得到執(zhí)行，任何一方均可以進(jìn)行任何與該申請相關(guān)的證據(jù)開示程序。

　　SECTION 6. ENTERING AND MODIFYING JUDGMENT.

　　第6條登記和修改判決

　　(a) After determining an award of damages to a claimant and the amount of the several share, including any reallocated share, for which each party found liable is responsible, the court shall enter judgment severally against each party adjudged liable, except in the following situations:

　　在決定了判給請求權(quán)人賠償金和每一被確定的有責(zé)方應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)單獨份額的數(shù)量，包括任何重新分配的份額，法院應(yīng)該分別對每一被判決有責(zé)方登記責(zé)任，除非以下情形：

　　(1) If two or more parties adjudged liable acted in concert or with an intent to cause personal injury to, or harm to property of, the claimant, the court shall enter judgment jointly and severally against the parties for their joint share.

　　如果兩個或者更多的被判決有責(zé)方的共同行為或者故意行為導(dǎo)致了請求權(quán)人的人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失，法院應(yīng)該對這幾方的共同份額登記為連帶責(zé)任。

　　(2) If a party is adjudged liable for failing to prevent another party from intentionally causing personal injury to, or harm to property of, the claimant, the court shall enter judgment jointly and severally against the parties for their combined shares of responsibility.

　　如果某一被判決為有責(zé)方未能阻止他方故意造成請求權(quán)人的人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失，法院應(yīng)該對這幾方的合并責(zé)任份額登記為連帶責(zé)任。

　　(3) If a party is adjudged liable for the act or omission of another party under Section 4(c), the court shall enter judgment jointly and severally against the parties for their joint share.

　　如果一方被判決有責(zé)是因為基于本法第4條(c)款規(guī)定的另一方的作為或者不作為，法院應(yīng)該對這幾方的共同份額登記為連帶責(zé)任。

　　(4) If a statute of this state, other than this [act], so requires, the court shall enter judgment jointly and severally or otherwise conform the judgment to the statute.

　　如果除本法之外的本州任何法律要求法院應(yīng)該記錄判決為連帶責(zé)任或相反的，應(yīng)該使判決與法律一致。

　　(b) If a court grants a motion for reallocation pursuant to Section 5 after judgment is entered, the court shall modify the judgment to declare the rights and obligations resulting from the reallocation, including any rights and obligations with regard to subrogation or a secured position.

　　如果法院在判決記錄后同意了基于本法第5條重新分配的申請，法院應(yīng)該修改記錄以便宣布源于重新分配產(chǎn)生的新權(quán)利和義務(wù)，包括任何關(guān)于代位權(quán)或者被擔(dān)保地位的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

　　SECTION 7. RIGHT OF CONTRIBUTION AND INDEMNITY;THIRD-PARTY ACTION.

　　第7條分擔(dān)與補(bǔ)償?shù)臋?quán)利;第三人訴訟

　　(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a party that is jointly and severally liable with one or more other parties under this [act] has a right of contribution from another party jointly liable for any amount the party pays in excess of the several amount for which the party is responsible. A party against which contribution is sought is not liable for more than the monetary amount of the party’s several share of responsibility determined pursuant to Section 5.

　　除非本條(b)款另有規(guī)定，根據(jù)本法對一方或者多方承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的一方，有權(quán)從另一連帶責(zé)任方獲得超過該方本應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的單獨責(zé)任數(shù)額之外的超額分擔(dān)。被尋求分擔(dān)的一方并不對超過基于本法第5條決定的該方應(yīng)該單獨承擔(dān)的金錢數(shù)量負(fù)責(zé)。

　　(b) A party that is adjudged liable for the act or omission of another party under Section 6(3)has a right of indemnification from the other party.

　　一方基于本法第6條(a)款第(3)項因他方的作為或者不作為被判決有責(zé)的，有向該方尋求補(bǔ)償?shù)臋?quán)利。

　　(c) A party that is subject to liability for injury to, or harm to property of, a claimant under this [act] has a right:

　　一方基于本法面臨對請求權(quán)人的人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失負(fù)責(zé)時候，有以下權(quán)利：

　　(1) to join a person that is also subject to liability to the claimant for all or part of the same injury or harm if the claimant has not sued the person; and

　　將請求權(quán)人為起訴但可能面臨對請求權(quán)人的人身損害或者財產(chǎn)損失負(fù)責(zé)的人加入到訴訟中來;以及

　　(2) to seek contribution or indemnity, whichever is appropriate, from another person whose liability is not determined in the proceeding in which the party is adjudged liable if the other person is responsible for all or part of the claimant’s injury or harm.

　　無論是否適當(dāng)，從在該方被判決有責(zé)任的程序中未被確定責(zé)任但應(yīng)該為請求權(quán)人的部分或者全部損害或者損失負(fù)責(zé)的他方尋求分擔(dān)或者補(bǔ)償。

　　(d) A claim for contribution or indemnity may be asserted in the original action or in a separate action.

　　分擔(dān)或者補(bǔ)償?shù)恼埱罂梢栽谠V訟或者獨立訴訟中主張。

　　SECTION 8. EFFECT OF RELEASE.第8條免責(zé)的效力

　　(a) A release, covenant not to sue, covenant not to execute a judgment, or similar agreement by a claimant and person subject to liability discharges the person from liability to the claimant to the extent provided in the agreement and from liability for contribution to any other person subject to liability to the claimant for the same injury or harm. The agreement does not discharge any other person subject to liability upon the same claim unless the agreement so provides.

　　一份免責(zé)(協(xié)議)，約定不起訴，或約定不執(zhí)行判決，或請求權(quán)人與面臨承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人之間的類似協(xié)議，免除了該人在協(xié)議涉及范圍內(nèi)對請求權(quán)人的責(zé)任和面臨來自任何其他對同一損害或者損失請求權(quán)人承擔(dān)責(zé)任人的責(zé)任分擔(dān)。該協(xié)議并不同時免除任何其他面臨對同一請求承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人，除非該協(xié)議有規(guī)定。

　　(b) The amount of the claim of the releasing person under subsection (a) against other persons jointly and severally liable for the same injury or harm for which the released person would have been liable is reduced by the percentage of responsibility attributed to the released person pursuant to Section 4.

　　根據(jù)本條(a)款免除責(zé)任者的本應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)并與他人因同一損害或者損失承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的被請求數(shù)額，應(yīng)該根據(jù)基于本法第4條歸屬于被免責(zé)人的責(zé)任百分比而相應(yīng)減少。

　　(c) A release, covenant not to sue, covenant not to execute a judgment, or similar agreement extinguishes any claim for contribution or indemnity that the released person would have had against another person that would have been jointly and severally liable with the released person.

　　一份免責(zé)(協(xié)議)，約定不起訴，或約定不執(zhí)行判決，或類似協(xié)議，將消滅被免責(zé)人向本來應(yīng)該與其承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任的任何他人的分擔(dān)或者補(bǔ)償請求權(quán)。

　　SECTION 9. REDUCTION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION LIEN AND SUBROGATION RIGHT;NOTICE AND INTERVENTION.

　　第9條勞動賠償優(yōu)先權(quán)的減少與代位權(quán);通知和介入)

　　(a) If an employer or workers’ compensation insurer asserts a lien or right of subrogation under [insert citation to workers’ compensation statute that provides for an employer’s or workers’compensation insurer’s lien or right of subrogation for compensation benefits paid or payable to an employee when the employee has a tort action for personal injury against a third party], the employer or insurer is deemed to have had its obligation to the employee for the compensation benefits paid or payable discharged under Section 8 as if the employer or insurer had received a release, covenant not to sue, or covenant not to execute a judgment from, or entered a similar agreement with, the employee. In such a case, any percentage of responsibility that the employer would have had for the employee’s injury, were the employer not immune under the workers’ compensation law, must be determined as that of a released person pursuant to Section 4 and the lien or right of subrogation is reduced by the monetary amount of the employer’s percentage of responsibility, if any, in the employee’s action against the third party.

　　如果雇主或者工人的賠償保險人基于(插入對規(guī)定雇主或者工人賠償保險人對雇員處于因第三方造成的人身損害侵權(quán)訴訟中已經(jīng)支付或可支付給雇員的賠償利益的保險人優(yōu)先權(quán)或者代位權(quán)的勞動賠償法律的引用)主張優(yōu)先權(quán)或者代位權(quán)，雇主或者保險人便被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)根據(jù)本法第8條被免除了對雇員的已經(jīng)支付或可支付賠償利益的義務(wù)，就好像雇主或者保險人獲得了一項免責(zé)，約定不起訴，或約定不執(zhí)行判決，或者與雇員達(dá)成了一項類似協(xié)議。在這樣的情況下，雇主本應(yīng)為雇員的損害負(fù)責(zé)的責(zé)任百分比，如果雇主沒有因為工人賠償法而免責(zé)，必須如同基于本法第4條被免責(zé)的人一樣被確定，同時在雇員對第三人的訴訟中如果存在的優(yōu)先權(quán)或者代位權(quán)，也會按照雇主的責(zé)任百分比的金錢數(shù)量減少。

　　(b) A party asserting that an employer’s or workers’ compensation insurer’s lien or right of subrogation should be reduced under subsection (a) because of the employer’s fault shall give notice to the employer or workers’ compensation insurer. In that case, the employer or insurer may intervene in the employee’s action for personal injury.

　　Legislative Note: If this section is not enacted as part of this Act but is enacted as an amendment to the workers’ compensation statutes, the cross references to Section 8 and to Section 4 in subsection (a) need to be reworded to accurately refer to the respective sections of this Act.]

　　一方主張因為雇主的過錯而導(dǎo)致雇主或者勞動賠償保險人的優(yōu)先權(quán)或者代位權(quán)應(yīng)該基于本條(a)款減少，必須通知對雇主或者工人賠償保險人。在這樣的情況下，雇主或者保險人可能介入雇員的人身損害訴訟。

　　立法指南：如果本條沒有作為本法的一部分被頒布或者作為工人賠償法的修正案頒布，本條(a)款參見本法第8條和本法第4條的規(guī)定就應(yīng)該被改寫為對本法各條文的正確參見條文。

　　SECTION 10. UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.

　　第10條適用與解釋的統(tǒng)一

　　In applying and construing this Uniform Act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.

　　在適用和解釋本統(tǒng)一法時，必須對促進(jìn)在頒布本法的州關(guān)于本法主旨的法律統(tǒng)一予以考慮。

　　SECTION 11. SEVERABILITY CLAUSE.第11條可分性條款

　　If any provision of this [act] or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this [act] which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this [act] are severable.

　　如果本法的任何條款或者本法對任何人或者特定時間的適用被認(rèn)為無效，該無效性并不影響其他條款或在除去無效條款或適用情形的本法適用，本法的各條款始終是可分的。

　　SECTION 12. APPLICABILITY.第12條適用性

　　This [act] applies to actions originally filed on or after its effective date.

　　本法在最初頒布或者生效日期后可適用于訴訟。

　　SECTION 13. EFFECTIVE DATE.第13條生效日期

　　This [act] takes effect on ....本法自××年×月×日起生效。

　　SECTION 14. REPEALS.第14條廢止

　　The following acts and parts of acts are repealed: 以下法律和法律部分條文被廢止：