INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS

　　公民權(quán)利和政治權(quán)利國際公約

　　Preamble 序 言

　　The States Parties to the present Covenant,

　　Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person, Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural rights, Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms, Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Agree upon the following articles:

　　本公約締約各國，

　　考慮到，按照聯(lián)合國憲章所宣布的原則，對人類家庭所有成員的固有尊嚴(yán)及其平等的和不移的權(quán)利的承認(rèn)，乃是世界自由、正義與和平的基礎(chǔ)，確認(rèn)這些權(quán)利是源于人身的固有尊嚴(yán)，

　　確認(rèn)，按照世界人權(quán)宣言，只有在創(chuàng)造了使人人可以享有其公民和政治權(quán)利，正如享有其經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化權(quán)利一樣的條件的情況下，才能實現(xiàn)自由人類享有公民及政治自由和免于恐懼和匱乏的自由的理想，考慮到各國根據(jù)聯(lián)合國憲章負(fù)有義務(wù)促進(jìn)對人的權(quán)利和自由的普遍尊重和遵行，認(rèn)識到個人對其他個人和對他所屬的社會負(fù)有義務(wù)，應(yīng)為促進(jìn)和遵行本公約所承認(rèn)的權(quán)利而努力，茲同意下述各條：

　　PART I 第一部分 Article 1 第一條

　　1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.

　　2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.

　　3. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.

　　一、所有人民都有自決權(quán)。他們憑這種權(quán)利自由決定他們的政治地位，并自由謀求他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和文化的發(fā)展。

　　二、所有人民得為他們自己的目的自由處置他們的天然財富和資源，而不損害根據(jù)基于互利原則的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和國際法而產(chǎn)生的任何義務(wù)。在任何情況下不得剝奪一個人民自己的生存手段。

　　三、本公約締約各國，包括那些負(fù)責(zé)管理非自治領(lǐng)土和托管領(lǐng)土的國家，應(yīng)在符合聯(lián)合國憲章規(guī)定的條件下，促進(jìn)自決權(quán)的實現(xiàn)，并尊重這種權(quán)利。

　　PART II 第二部分 Article 2 第二條

　　1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

　　2. Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant.

　　3. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:

　　(a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity;

　　(b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy;

　　(c) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.

　　一、本公約每一締約國承擔(dān)尊重和保證在其領(lǐng)土內(nèi)和受其管轄的一切個人享有本公約所承認(rèn)的權(quán)利，不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產(chǎn)、出生或其他身分等任何區(qū)別。

　　二、凡未經(jīng)現(xiàn)行立法或其他措施予以規(guī)定者，本公約每一締約國承擔(dān)按照其憲法程序和本公約的規(guī)定采取必要的步驟，以采納為實施本公約所承認(rèn)的權(quán)利所需的立法或其他措施。

　　三、本公約每一締約國承擔(dān)： (甲)保證任何一個被侵犯了本公約所承認(rèn)的權(quán)利或自由的人，能得到有效的補(bǔ)救，盡管此種侵犯是以官方資格行事的人所為;

　　(乙)保證任何要求此種補(bǔ)救的人能由合格的司法、行政或立法當(dāng)局或由國家法律制度規(guī)定的任何其他合格當(dāng)局?jǐn)喽ㄆ湓谶@方面的權(quán)利;并發(fā)展司法補(bǔ)救的可能性;

　　(丙)保證合格當(dāng)局在準(zhǔn)予此等補(bǔ)救時，確能付諸實施。

　　Article 3 第三條

　　The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in the present Covenant.

　　本公約締約各國承擔(dān)保證男子和婦女在享有本公約所載一切公民和政治權(quán)利方面有平等的權(quán)利。

　　Article 4 第四條

　　1. In time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed, the States Parties to the present Covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the present Covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligationsunder international law and do not involve discrimination solely on the ground of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin.

　　2. No derogation from articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18 may be made under this provision.

　　3. Any State Party to the present Covenant availing itself of the right of derogation shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the present Covenant, through the intermediary of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, of the provisions from which it has derogated and of the reasons by which it was actuated. A further communication shall be made, through the same intermediary, on the date on which it terminates such derogation.

　　一、在社會緊急狀態(tài)威脅到國家的生命并經(jīng)正式宣布時，本公約締約國得采取措施克減其在本公約下所承擔(dān)的義務(wù)，但克減的程度以緊急情勢所嚴(yán)格需要者為限，此等措施并不得與它根據(jù)國際法所負(fù)有的其他義務(wù)相矛盾，且不得包含純粹基于種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教或社會出身的理由的歧視。

　　二、不得根據(jù)本規(guī)定而克減第六條、第七條、第八條(第一款和第二款)、第十一條、第十五條、第十六條和第十八條。

　　三、任何援用克減權(quán)的本公約締約國應(yīng)立即經(jīng)由聯(lián)合國秘書長將它已克減的各項規(guī)定、實行克減的理由和終止這種克減的日期通知本公約的其他締約國家。

　　Article 5 第五條

　　1. Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms recognized herein or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant.

　　2. There shall be no restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental human rights recognized or existing in any State Party to the present Covenant pursuant to law, conventions, regulations or custom on the pretext that the present Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent.

　　一、本公約中任何部分不得解釋為隱示任何國家、團(tuán)體或個人有權(quán)利從事于任何旨在破壞本公約所承認(rèn)的任何權(quán)利和自由或?qū)λ鼈兗右暂^本公約所規(guī)定的范圍更廣的限制的活動或行為。

　　二、對于本公約的任何締約國中依據(jù)法律、慣例、條例或習(xí)慣而被承認(rèn)或存在的任何基本人權(quán)，不得借口本公約未予承認(rèn)或只在較小范圍上予以承認(rèn)而加以限制或克減。