FOREIGN TRADE DEFINITIONS

　　美國對外貿(mào)易定義(1941年修訂本)

　　《美國對外貿(mào)易定義》是由美國幾個商業(yè)團(tuán)體制定的。它最早于1919年在紐約制定，原稱為《美國出口報價及其縮寫條例》，后來于1941年在美國第27屆全國對外貿(mào)易會議上對該條例作了修訂，命名為《1941年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修訂本》。

　　《美國對外貿(mào)易定義》中所解釋的貿(mào)易術(shù)語共有六種，分別為：

　　1.Ex(Point of Origin，產(chǎn)地交貨);

　　2.FOB(Free on Board，在運輸工具上交貨);

　　3.FAS(Free Along Side，在運輸工具旁邊交貨);

　　4.C&F(Cost and Freight，成本加運費);

　　5. CIF(Cost，Insurance and Freight，成本加保險費、運費);

　　6.Ex Dock(Named Port of Importation，目的港碼頭交貨)。

　　然而，由于國際商會制定 的《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》在國際上的影響越來越大，絕大多數(shù) 國際貿(mào)易從業(yè)人員都接受了《通則》的解釋，美國制定《定義》的團(tuán)體已同意不再繼續(xù)使用該項定義。

　　The following definitions of the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., are reproduced for information purposes only. They are NOT to be construed as part of the National Oilseed Processors Association trading rules. They are reprinted through the courtesy of National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, and the National Council of American Importers, Inc.

　　Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941, Adopted July 30, 1941, by a Joint Committee representing the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, the National Council of American Importers, Inc., and the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc.

　　(頒布日期：1941年7月30日 實施日期:1941年7月30日 時效性:有效)

　　FOREWORD序 言

　　Since the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919. many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the Twenty-Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions.

　　一九一九年《美國對外貿(mào)易定義》的出版曾在澄清與簡化對外貿(mào)易實務(wù)方面起過不少作用，并得到世界各國買賣雙方的廣泛承認(rèn)和使用。但自該定義出版以后，貿(mào)易習(xí)慣已有很多變化，因而在一九四○年舉行的第二十七屆全國對外貿(mào)易會議上強(qiáng)烈要求對它作進(jìn)一步的修訂與澄清，認(rèn)為這對幫助對外貿(mào)易商處理業(yè)務(wù)是必要的。

　　The following Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions1941 are recommended for general use by both exporters and importers. These revised definitions have no status at law unless there is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence, it is suggested that sellers and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale. These revised definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.

　　茲推薦《美國對外貿(mào)易定義一九四一年修正本》供進(jìn)口和出口商人共同使用。此項修正本并無法律效力，除非有專門的立法規(guī)定或為法院判決所認(rèn)可。因此，為使其對各有關(guān)當(dāng)事人產(chǎn)生法律上的約束力，建議買方與賣方接受此定義作為買賣合同的一個組成部分。

　　In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1919, certain new responsibilities for sellers and buyers are included in these revised definitions. Also, in many instances, the old responsibilities are more clearly defined than in the 1919 Definitions, and the changes should be beneficial both to sellers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding

　　鑒于一九一九年以來貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和手續(xù)的演變，這次修正的定義中包括了賣方和 買方的一些新的責(zé)任，并且在許多方面，對原有責(zé)任的解釋也比一九一九年定義的解釋清楚一些，這些修改對賣方和買方都是有益的。廣泛接受這次修訂的定義，將 導(dǎo)致對外貿(mào)易手續(xù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，并避免許多誤解。

　　Adoption by exporters and importers of these revised terms will impress on all parties concerned their respective responsibilities and rights.

　　賣方和買方采用此修正的定義，將使各有關(guān)當(dāng)事人對其責(zé)任和權(quán)利更加明確。

　　General Notes of Caution注意要點

　　1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world, and as the courts of countries have interpreted these definitions in different ways, it is important that sellers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revised American Foreign Definitions1941 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.

　　由于世界各地有很多機(jī)構(gòu)都分別提出了對外貿(mào)易定義，而很多國家的法院 對這些定義各有不同的解釋，所以由賣方和買方一致同意他們所訂的合同以《美國 對外貿(mào)易定義一九四一年修正本》為準(zhǔn)，并接受《定義》所列各點，這是很有必要的。

　　2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times used, such as Free Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed), and others. None of these should be used unless there has first been a definite understanding as to the exact meaning thereof. It is unwise toattempt to interpret other terms in the light of the terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be used.

　　除下列對外貿(mào)易的術(shù)語外，還有一些有時使用的術(shù)語，如港口交貨(Free Harbor)，成本加保險費、運費、傭金(C.I.F.&C.)，成本加保險費、運費、利息(C.I.F.C.&I.)，成本加保險費、運費、傭金、利 息(C.I.F.C.&I.)，成本加保險費、運費并卸到岸上(C.I.F. Landed)，以及其他。除非事先已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)確地理解它們的確切含義，這些術(shù)語都不宜使用。想借用本《定義》所列術(shù)語的解釋去闡述其他術(shù)語是不明智的， 因此，只要有可能，就應(yīng)援用已經(jīng)在這里下了定義的術(shù)語。

　　3. It is unwise to use abbreviations in quotations or in contracts which might be subject to misunderstanding.

　　在報價或合同中，使用容易被誤解的縮寫是不明智的。

　　4. When making quotations, the familiar terms hundredweight or ton should be avoided. A hundredweight can be 100 pounds of the short ton, or 112 pounds of the long ton. A ton can be a short ton of 2,000 pounds, or a metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds, or a long ton of 2,240 pounds. Hence, the type of hundredweight or ton should be clearly stated in quotations and in sales confirmations. Also, all terms referring to quantity, weight, volume, length, or surface should be clearly defined and agreed upon.

　　在報價中，應(yīng)避免使用常見的英擔(dān)( hundredweight) 或噸( ton)。因為一英擔(dān)可以是短噸的100磅或長噸的112磅，一噸可以是2,000磅的短噸或2,204.6磅的公噸，也可以是2,204.6磅的 長噸，所以在報價和售貨確認(rèn)書中，對英擔(dān)或噸要明確表示它所代表的實際重量，同樣，關(guān)于數(shù)量、重量、體積、長度或面積等單位也應(yīng)該經(jīng)雙方一致同意 作出明確的說明。

　　5. If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether the cost thereof is for account of seller or buyer.

　　如貨物需經(jīng)檢驗或需要檢驗證書，則雙方事先應(yīng)協(xié)議明確該費用由賣方或 由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　6. Unless otherwise agreed upon, all expenses are for the account of seller up to the point at which the buyer must handle the subsequent movement of goods.

　　除另有協(xié)議外，賣方應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)一切費用，直至貨物到達(dá)買方必須負(fù)責(zé)隨后運 送事宜的地點為止。

　　7. There are a number of elements in a contract that do not fall within the scope of these foreign trade definitions. Hence, no mention of these is made herein. Seller and buyer should agree to these separately when negotiating contracts. This particularly applies to so-called customary practices.

　　合同中還有很多組成部分不屬于對外貿(mào)易定義的范圍，因此，在本《定義 》中未予述及。對此，雙方應(yīng)在磋商合同時另行議定，對于所謂慣常的做法尤 應(yīng)如此。

　　DEFINITIONS OF QUOTATIONS價格術(shù)語定義

　　(I) EX (Point of Origin)

　　EX FACTORY, EX MILL, EX MINE,

　　EX PLANTATION, EX WAREHOUSE, etc. (named point of origin)

　　Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin, and the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed.

　　產(chǎn)地交貨EX(Point of Origin)制造廠交貨， 礦山交貨，農(nóng)場交貨，倉庫交貨等(指定產(chǎn)地)EX FACTORY， EX MILL， EX MINE， EX PLANTATION， EX WAREHOUSE，etc..(named point of origin) 按此術(shù)語，所報價格僅適用于原產(chǎn)地交貨，賣方同意在規(guī)定日期或期限內(nèi)在雙 方商定地點將貨物置于買方控制之下。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) bear all costs and risks of the goods until such time as the buyer is obliged to take delivery thereof;

　　承擔(dān)貨物的一切費用和風(fēng)險，直至買方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)提貨時為止。

　　(2) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，協(xié)助買方取得原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運 地國家簽發(fā)的為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn)口所需的各種證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) take delivery of the goods as soon as they have been placed at his disposal at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) bear all costs and risks of the goods from the time when he is obligated to take delivery thereof;

　　(1)在貨物按規(guī)定日期或期限內(nèi)送抵約定地點并置于買方控制下時，應(yīng)立即 受領(lǐng)。

　　(2)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)從買方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)受領(lǐng)貨物之時起，承擔(dān)貨物的一切費用和風(fēng)險。

　　(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　支付因領(lǐng)取原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的，為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn) 口所需的各種證件的全部費用。

　　(II) F.O.B. (Free on Board)

　　NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the Comments on All F.O.B. Terms given at end of this section (p. A-4) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under the several classes of F.O.B. terms.

　　注：為充分了解在各種F.O.B.價格術(shù)語下相應(yīng)的責(zé)任和權(quán)利，買賣雙方 不僅應(yīng)考慮本定義，還須明了本節(jié)附錄的有關(guān)各種F.O.B.價格術(shù)語的注解 。

　　(Il-A) F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)1

　　Under this term, the price quoted applies only at inland shipping point, and the seller arranges for loading of the goods on, or in, railway cars, trucks, lighters, barges, aircraft, or other conveyance furnished for transportation.

　　在內(nèi)陸指定發(fā)貨地點的指定內(nèi)陸運輸工具上交貨 F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)按此術(shù)語，所報的價格僅適用于：在內(nèi)陸裝運地點，由賣方安排并將貨物裝于 火車、卡車、駁船、拖船、飛機(jī)或其他供運輸用的載運工具之上。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading;

　　(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight collect;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed in, or on, conveyance at loading point, and clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt has been furnished by carrier;

　　(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation or of importation at destination.

　　(1)將貨物裝在載運工具上，或提交內(nèi)陸承運人裝運。

　　(2)提供清潔提單或其他運輸收據(jù)，注明運費到付。

　　(3)承擔(dān)貨物的任何滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任，直至貨物在裝運地被裝上載運 工具，并取得承運人出具的清潔的提單或其他運輸收據(jù)為止。

　　(4)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，協(xié)助買方取得原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運 地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn)口所需的各種證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland point of loading, and pay all transportation costs;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after loading at named inland point of departure;

　　(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)負(fù)責(zé)貨物自內(nèi)陸裝貨地點裝運后的一切運送事宜，并支付全部運輸費用 。

　　(2)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)承擔(dān)在指定的內(nèi)陸起運地點裝運后所發(fā)生的任何滅失及或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　(4)支付因領(lǐng)取由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地 進(jìn)口所需各種證件的全部費用。

　　(Il-B) F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT PREPAID TO (name point of exportation) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation charges to the named point of exportation and prepays freight to named point of exportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.

　　在內(nèi)陸指定的發(fā)貨地點的指定內(nèi)陸運輸工具上交貨，運費預(yù)付到指定的出口地點 F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT PREPAID TO (name point of exportation) 按引術(shù)語，賣方所報價格包括把貨物運至指定出口地點的運輸費用，并預(yù)付至出口地點的運費。賣方在內(nèi)陸指定起運地點取得清潔提單或其他運輸 收據(jù)后，對貨物不再承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) assume the seller’s obligations as under Il-A, except that under (2) he must provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight prepaid to named point of exportation.

　　承擔(dān)(Ⅱ-A)項下規(guī)定的賣方責(zé)任，但其中第(2)點除外。賣方必須提供清潔的提單或其他運輸收據(jù)，并預(yù)付至指定出口地點的運費。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) assume the same buyer’s obligations as under Il-A, except that he does not pay freight from loading point to named point of exportation.

　　承擔(dān)(Ⅱ-A)項下規(guī)定的買方責(zé)任，但無須支付從裝貨地點至指定出口地點的運費。

　　(Il-C) F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT ALLOWED TO (named point) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation charges to the named point, shipping freight collect and deducting the cost of transportation without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.

　　在指定的內(nèi)陸發(fā)貨地點的指定內(nèi)陸運輸工具上交貨，減除至指定出口地點的運費 F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT ALLOWED TO (named point) 按此術(shù)語，賣方所報價格，包括貨物至指定地點的運輸費用，但注明運費到付 ，并將由賣方在價金內(nèi)減除。賣方在指定內(nèi)陸起運地點取得清潔的提單或其他運輸收據(jù)后，對貨物不再承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Under this quotation: Seller must: 在此報價下：賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) assume the same seller’s obligations as under Il-A, but deducts from his invoice the transportation cost to name point.

　　承擔(dān)(Ⅱ-A)項下規(guī)定的賣方責(zé)任，但運至指定地點的運輸費用應(yīng)在發(fā)票中減除。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) assume the same buyer’s obligations as under Il-A, including payment of freight from inland loading point to named point, for which seller has made deduction.

　　承擔(dān)(Ⅱ-A)項下規(guī)定的買方責(zé)任，但要負(fù)責(zé)支付賣方已減除的由內(nèi)陸裝運地點到指定地點的運費。

　　(Il-D) F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named point of exportation) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the costs of transportation of the goods to named point of exportation, bearing any loss or damage, or both, incurred up to that point.

　　在指定出口地點的指定內(nèi)陸運輸工具上交貨 F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named point of exportation)　按此術(shù)語，賣方所報的價格，包括將貨物運至指定出口地點的運輸費用，并承擔(dān)直至上述地點的任何滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading;

　　(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, paying all transportation costs from loading point to named point of exportation;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation;

　　(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)將貨物裝在載運工具上，或交給內(nèi)陸承運人裝運。

　　(2)提供清潔的提單或其他運輸收據(jù)，并支付由裝運地點至指定出口地點的 一切運輸費用。

　　(3)承擔(dān)貨物的一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任，直至裝于內(nèi)陸載運工具上的貨物 抵達(dá)指定出口地點為止。

　　(4)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，協(xié)助買方取得原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運 地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn)口所需的各種證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland conveyance at named point of exportation;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation;

　　(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)承擔(dān)貨物在出口地點內(nèi)陸載運工具上時起的全部運轉(zhuǎn)責(zé)任。

　　(2)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)承擔(dān)從裝于內(nèi)陸載運工具上的貨物抵達(dá)指定出口地點時起的一切滅失及 /或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　(4)支付因領(lǐng)取由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地 進(jìn)口所需各種證件所發(fā)生的一切費用。

　　(Il-E) F.O.B. VESSEL (named port of shipment) Under this term, the seller quotes a price covering all expenses up to, and including, delivery of the goods upon the overseas vessel provided by, or for, the buyer at the named port of shipment.

　　(Ⅱ-E)指定裝運港船上交貨 F.O.B. VESSEL (named port of shipment) 按此術(shù)語，賣方所報價格包括在指定裝運港將貨物交到由買方提供或為買方提供的海洋輪船上的全部費用。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) pay all charges incurred in placing goods actually on board the vessel designated and provided by, or for, the buyer on the date or within the period fixed;

　　(2) provide clean ship’s receipt or on-board bill of lading;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed on board the vessel on the date or within the period fixed;

　　(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)支付在規(guī)定日期或期限內(nèi)，將貨物實際裝載于買方提供的或為買方提供 的輪船上而發(fā)生的全部費用。

　　(2)提供清潔的輪船收據(jù)或已裝船提單。

　　(3)承擔(dān)貨物一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任，直至在規(guī)定日期或期限內(nèi)，已將貨 物裝載于輪船上為止。

　　(4)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，協(xié)助買方取得由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝 運地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn)口所需的各種證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel;

　　(2) bear the additional costs incurred and all risks of the goods from the time when the seller has placed them at his disposal if the vessel named by him fails to arrive or to load within the designated time;

　　(3) handle all subsequent movement of the goods to destination:

　　(a) provide and pay for insurance;

　　(b) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation;

　　(4) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, after goods have been loaded on board the vessel;

　　(6) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean ship’s receipt or bill of lading, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)將船名、開航日期、裝船泊位及交貨時間明確地通知賣方。

　　(2)當(dāng)賣方已將貨物交由買方控制，但由于買方指定輪船未能在規(guī)定時間內(nèi) 到達(dá)或不能裝貨而發(fā)生的額外費用及全部風(fēng)險，由買方承擔(dān)。

　　(3)辦理有關(guān)貨物隨后運至目的地的一切運轉(zhuǎn)事宜：

　　a辦理保險并支付其費用;

　　b提供船舶或其他運輸工具并支付其費用。

　　(4)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(5)承擔(dān)貨物裝上船后的一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任。

　　(6)支付因領(lǐng)取由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的、為貨物出口或在目的地 進(jìn)口所需的各種證件(但清潔的輪船收據(jù)或提單除外)而發(fā)生的一切費用。

　　(Il-F) F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the merchandise and all costs of transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation.

　　進(jìn)口國指定內(nèi)陸地點交貨 F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation)　按此術(shù)語，賣方所報價格包括貨價及運至進(jìn)口國指定內(nèi)陸地點的全部運輸費用。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) provide and pay for all transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;

　　(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the seller and buyer;

　　(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until arrival of goods on conveyance at the named inland point in the country of importation;

　　(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country;

　　(1)負(fù)責(zé)安排貨物運至進(jìn)口國指定地點的全部運輸事宜，并支付其費用。

　　(2)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)辦理海洋運輸保險并支付其費用。

　　(4)除買賣雙方另有約定外，投保戰(zhàn)爭險并支付其費用。

　　(5)承擔(dān)貨物的一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任，直至裝在載運工具上的貨物抵達(dá) 進(jìn)口國的指定內(nèi)陸地點為止。

　　(6)支付因取得產(chǎn)地證、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票或其他由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的 為貨物在目的地進(jìn)口及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的各種證件的費用。

　　(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes, if any;

　　(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation;

　　(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation.

　　(7)支付全部的各項起岸的費用，包括碼頭捐、起岸費及稅捐等。

　　(8)支付在進(jìn)口國的一切報關(guān)費用。

　　(9)支付進(jìn)口國的關(guān)稅和一切適用于進(jìn)口的稅捐等。

　　NOTE: The seller under this quotation must realize that he is accepting important responsibilities, costs, and risks, and should therefore be certain to obtain adequate insurance. On the other hand, the importer or buyer may desire such quotations to relieve him of the risks of the voyage and to assure him of his landed costs at inland point in country of importation. When competition is keen, or the buyer is accustomed to such quotations from other sellers, seller may quote such terms, being careful to protect himself in an appropriate manner.

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) take prompt delivery of goods from conveyance upon arrival at destination;

　　(2) bear any costs and be responsible for all loss or damage, or both, after arrival at destination.

　　(1)載運工具抵達(dá)目的地時，應(yīng)立即受領(lǐng)貨物。

　　(2)負(fù)擔(dān)貨物到達(dá)目的地后的一切費用和滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　Comments On All F.O.B. Terms　　有關(guān)各種F.O.B.價格術(shù)語的注解

　　In connection with F.O.B. terms, the following points of caution are recommended:

　　關(guān)于各種F.O.B.價格術(shù)語，請注意下列各點：

　　1. The method of inland transportation such as trucks, railroad cars, lighters, barges, or aircraft should be specified.

　　2. If any switching charges are involved during the inland transportation, it should be agreed, in advance, whether these charges are for account of the seller or the buyer.

　　3. The term F.O.B. (named port), without designating the exact point at which the liability of the seller terminates and the liability of the buyer begins, should be avoided. The use of this term gives rise to disputes as to the liability of the seller or the buyer in the event of loss or damage arising while the goods are in port, and before delivery to or on board the ocean carrier. Misunderstandings may be avoided by naming the specific point of delivery.

　　4. If lighterage or trucking is required in the transfer of goods from the inland conveyance to ship’s side, and there is a cost therefor, it should be understood, in advance, whether this cost is for account of the seller or the buyer.

　　5. The seller should be certain to notify the buyer of the minimum quantity required to obtain a carload, a truckload, or a barge-load freight rate.

　　(1)內(nèi)陸運輸?shù)姆椒ǎ纾嚎ㄜ?、火車、駁船、拖船或飛機(jī)，應(yīng)予注明。

　　(2)如在內(nèi)陸運輸途中發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)換運輸工具的費用，雙方應(yīng)在事先商定此項費 用由賣方或是由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　(3)應(yīng)避免在使用F.O.B.(named port)價格術(shù)語時 ，而不指明賣方責(zé)任終止和買方責(zé)任開始的確切地點。因為如使用此價格術(shù)語，一 旦貨物在港內(nèi)交付或裝上海洋輪船以前發(fā)生滅失或損壞時，就會引起究應(yīng)由賣方還是買方承擔(dān)責(zé)任問題的爭議。指明特定的交貨地點，可避免上述誤解。

　　(4)貨物從內(nèi)陸載運工具上用駁船或卡車運至船邊，其費用由賣方還是由買 方負(fù)擔(dān)，應(yīng)事先商定。

　　(5)賣方務(wù)必將適用于整列車、整卡車或整駁船運費率的最低數(shù)量通知買方 。

　　6. Under F.O.B. terms, excepting F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation), the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer. Hence, seller and buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.

　　7. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.

　　(6)除進(jìn)口國指定內(nèi)陸地點交貨 F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation),外 ，各種F.O.B.價格術(shù)語的洽訂海洋運輸艙位、投保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險的責(zé)任應(yīng)屬于買方。盡管這是買方的責(zé)任，但在很多交易中，賣方可代買方辦理訂艙、 投保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險，并準(zhǔn)備裝船事宜。因此，有關(guān)訂艙、投保海洋運輸險和 戰(zhàn)爭險，究竟是作為買方自身的義務(wù)，由其自行辦理，或是由賣方同意代買方辦理，買賣雙方應(yīng)事先取得一致意見。

　　(7)為保障賣方的利益，賣方應(yīng)在買賣合同中訂明由買方投保的海洋運輸險 中包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的倉至倉條款。

　　(III) F.A.S. (Free Along Side) 船邊交貨

　　NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the Comments given at end of this section (p. A-7) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under F.A.S. terms.

　　注：為充分了解在船邊交貨價格術(shù)語下相應(yīng)的責(zé)任和權(quán)利;買賣雙方不僅應(yīng)考慮本定義，還須明了本節(jié)附錄的注解。

　　F.A.S. VESSEL (named port of shipment) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including delivery of the goods alongside overseas vessel and within reach of its loading tackle.

　　船邊交貨(指定裝運港)F.A.S. VESSEL (named port of shipment) 按此術(shù)語，賣方所報價格包括將貨物交到海洋輪船船邊，船的裝貨吊鉤可及之處。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) place goods alongside vessel or on dock designated and provided by, or for, buyer on the date or within the period fixed; pay any heavy lift charges, where necessary, up to this point;

　　(2) provide clean dock or ship’s receipt;

　　(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been delivered alongside the vessel or on the dock;

　　(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(1)在規(guī)定日期或期限之內(nèi)，將貨物交至船邊或交至由買方或為買方指定或 提供的碼頭。支付為搬運重件至上述船邊或碼頭而引起的任何費用。

　　(2)提供清潔的碼頭收據(jù)或輪船收據(jù)。

　　(3)承擔(dān)貨物的一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任，直至將貨物交到船邊或碼頭為止 。

　　(4)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，協(xié)助買方取得原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運 地國家簽發(fā)的為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn)口所需的各種證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel;

　　(2) handle all subsequent movement of the goods from alongside the vessel:

　　(a) arrange and pay for demurrage or storage charges, or both, in warehouse or on wharf, where necessary;

　　(b) provide and pay for insurance;

　　(c) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation;

　　(1)將船名、開航日期、裝船泊位及交貨時間明確地通知賣方。

　　(2)辦理從貨物到達(dá)船邊以后的一切運轉(zhuǎn)事宜：

　?、偃缬斜匾?，將貨物安放在倉庫或碼頭并支付滯期費及/或倉儲費用;

　?、谵k理保險并支付其費用;

　?、坜k理海洋運輸及其他運輸并支付其費用。

　　(3) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(4) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, while the goods are on a lighter or other conveyance alongside vessel within reach of its loading tackle, or on the dock awaiting loading, or until actually loaded on board the vessel, and subsequent thereto;

　　(5) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean dock or ship’s receipt, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.

　　(3)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(4)承擔(dān)貨物在以下情況時所發(fā)生的任何滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任：裝載于停 靠船邊、船上吊鉤可及之處的駁船或其他載運工具上;或放置于碼頭等待裝船; 或 實際已裝船和裝船以后。

　　(5)支付因領(lǐng)取由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的為貨物出口或在目的地進(jìn) 口所需的各種證件(但清潔的碼頭收據(jù)或輪船收據(jù)除外)而發(fā)生的一切費用。

　　F.A.S. Comments　　有關(guān)船邊交貨價格術(shù)語的注解

　　1. Under F.A.S. terms, the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer. In others, the buyer notifies the seller to make delivery alongside a vessel designated by the buyer and the buyer provides his own marine and war risk insurance. Hence, seller and buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.

　　2. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.

　　(1)按照船邊交貨價格術(shù)語，取得海洋運輸艙位和投保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險 的責(zé)任屬于買方，盡管這是買方的責(zé)任，但在很多交易中，賣方可代買方辦理訂艙、投保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險，并準(zhǔn)備裝船事宜;

　　也可由買方通知賣方將貨物送到買 方指定輪船的船邊，并由買方自行投保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險。因此，有關(guān)訂艙、投 保海洋運輸險和戰(zhàn)爭險，究竟是作為買方自身的義務(wù)，由其自行辦理，或是由賣方同意代買方辦理，買賣雙方應(yīng)事先取得一致意見。

　　(2)為保障賣方的利益，賣方應(yīng)在買賣合同中訂明由買方投保的海洋運輸險 中包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的倉至倉條款。

　　(IV) C. & F. (Cost and Freight) 成本加運費

　　NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the Comments (p. A-6) at end of this section in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under C. & F. terms. Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of transportation to the named point of destination.

　　成本加運費(指定目的地) C. & F. (named point of destination) 按此術(shù)語，賣方報價包括將貨物運到指定目的地的運輸費用在內(nèi)。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination;

　　(4) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier;

　　(1)負(fù)責(zé)安排貨物運至指定目的地的運輸事宜，并支付其費用。

　　(2)支付出口稅或因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)取得運往指定目的地的清潔提單，并迅速送交買方或其代理。

　　(4)在向買方提供備運提單的情況下，對于貨物的滅失及/或損壞，須負(fù)責(zé)到貨物已送交海運承運人保管時為止。

　　(5) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel;

　　(6) provide, at the buyer’s request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.

　　(5)在向買方提供已裝船提單的情況下，對于貨物的滅失及/或損壞， 須負(fù)責(zé)到貨物已裝到船上為止。

　　(6)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，提供產(chǎn)地證明書、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票或由 原產(chǎn)國及/或裝運國所簽發(fā)的、為買方在目的地國家進(jìn)口此項貨物及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的各項證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) accept the documents when presented;

　　(2) receive goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms; pay all costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination;

　　(3) provide and pay for insurance;

　　(1)接受提交的各項單證。

　　(2)在船到達(dá)時受領(lǐng)貨物并負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的隨后一切運轉(zhuǎn)，并支付其費用， 其中包括按照提單條款的規(guī)定從船上提貨，支付起岸的一切費用，包括一切稅捐和在指定目的地點所需支付的其他費用。

　　(3)辦理保險并支付其費用。

　　(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller’s obligations under (4) or (5) above have ceased;

　　(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.

　　(4)承擔(dān)根據(jù)上述第(4)或第(5)項所規(guī)定的賣方責(zé)任終止的時間和地 點以后貨物的滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　(5)支付產(chǎn)地證明書、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票或其他由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的、 為貨物在目的地國家進(jìn)口及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的任何其他證件的費用。

　　C. & F. Comments有關(guān)成本加運費的注解

　　1. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.

　　2. The comments listed under the following C.I.F. terms in many cases apply to C.&F. terms as well, and should be read and understood by the C.&F. seller and buyer.

　　(1)為保障賣方的利益，賣方應(yīng)在買賣合同中訂明由買方投保的海洋運輸險 中包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的倉至倉條款。

　　(2)在以下C.I.F.(成本加保險費、運費)術(shù)語的注解中，有很多場 合可以應(yīng)用于C.&F.(成本加運費)術(shù)語。C.&F.的賣方和買方應(yīng)加以理解。

　　(V) C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance, Freight) 成本加保險費、運費

　　NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the C.&F. Comments (p. A-6) and the C.&F. and C.I.F. Comments (pp. A-6, A-7) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under C.I.F. terms.

　　C.I.F. (named point of destination) Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the goods, the marine insurance, and all transportation charges to the named point of destination.

　　成本加保險費、運費(指定目的地)C.I.F. (named point of destination) 按此術(shù)語，賣方報價包括貨物的成本、海洋運輸保險費和將貨物運到指定目的 地的一切運輸費用在內(nèi)。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;

　　(4) provide war risk insurance as obtainable in seller’s market at time of shipment at buyer’s expense, unless seller has agreed that buyer provide for war risk coverage (See Comment 10(c), p. 99);

　　(1)負(fù)責(zé)安排貨物運至指定目的地的運輸事宜，并支付其費用。

　　(2)支付出口稅，或因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)辦理貨物的海洋運輸保險并支付其費用。

　　(4)投保在貨物裝船時賣方市場所能得到的戰(zhàn)爭保險其費用由買方負(fù)擔(dān); 但 經(jīng)賣方同意，由買方投保戰(zhàn)爭保險的，不在此列?！惨姳竟?jié)注解之(10C)

　　(5) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination, and also insurance policy or negotiable insurance certificate;

　　(6) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier;

　　(7) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel;

　　(8) provide, at the buyer’s request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.

　　(5)取得運往指定目的地的清潔提單及保險單或可轉(zhuǎn)讓的保險憑證，并立即 送交給買方或其代理。

　　(6)在向買方提供備運提單的情況下，對于貨物的滅失及/或損壞，須負(fù)責(zé)到貨物已送交海運承運人保管時為止。

　　(7)在向買方提供已裝船提單的情況下，對于貨物的滅失及/或損壞， 須負(fù)責(zé)到貨物已裝到船上為止。

　　(8)在買方請求并由其負(fù)擔(dān)費用的情況下，提供產(chǎn)地證明書、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票或由 原產(chǎn)國及/或裝運國所簽發(fā)的、為買方在目的地國家進(jìn)口此項貨物及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的各項證件。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) accept the documents when presented;

　　(2) receive the goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms; pay all costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination;

　　(3) pay for war risk insurance provided by seller;

　　(1)接受提交的各項單證。

　　(2)在船到達(dá)時受領(lǐng)貨物并負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的隨后一切運轉(zhuǎn)，并支付其費用， 其中包括按照提單條款的規(guī)定從船上提貨，支付起岸的一切費用，包括一切稅捐和在指定目的地點所需支付的其他費用。

　　(3)支付由賣方投保的戰(zhàn)爭險所需費用。

　　(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller’s obligations under (6) or (7) above have ceased;

　　(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which may be required for the importation of the goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.

　　(4)承擔(dān)根據(jù)上述第(6)或(7)項所規(guī)定的賣方責(zé)任終止的時間和地點 以后貨物的滅失及/或損壞的責(zé)任。

　　(5)支付產(chǎn)地證明書、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票或其他由原產(chǎn)地及/或裝運地國家簽發(fā)的、 為貨物在目的地國家進(jìn)口及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的任何其他證件的費用。

　　C.&F. and C.I.F. Comments　　有關(guān)成本加運費及成本加保險費、運費的注解

　　Under C.&F. and C.I.F. contracts there are the following points on which the seller and the buyer should be in complete agreement at the time that the contract is concluded:

　　在C.&F.與C.I.F.合同下，買方與賣方應(yīng)在簽訂合同時就下列各點 取得完全協(xié)議：

　　1. It should be agreed upon, in advance, who is to pay for miscellaneous expenses, such as weighing or inspection charges.

　　2. The quantity to be shipped on any one vessel should be agreed upon, in advance, with a view to the buyer’s capacity to take delivery upon arrival and discharge of the vessel, within the free time allowed at the port of importation.

　　3. Although the terms C.&F. and C.I.F. are generally interpreted to provide that charges for consular invoices and certificates of origin are for the account of the buyer, and are charged separately, in many trades these charges are included by the seller in his price. Hence, seller and buyer should agree, in advance, whether these charges are part of the selling price, or will be invoiced separately.

　　(1)應(yīng)在事先洽定由何方支付各項雜費，如過磅費和檢驗費等。

　　(2)為了使買方有能力在船舶抵達(dá)時，在進(jìn)口港所允許的卸貨時間內(nèi)提取貨 物，雙方應(yīng)事先洽定每一條船所應(yīng)裝載的貨物數(shù)量。

　　(3)雖然C.&F.和C.I.F.術(shù)語通常被理解為由買方負(fù)擔(dān)有關(guān)領(lǐng)事 發(fā)票費與產(chǎn)地證明書的費用，并另行分別計付。但在許多交易中，這些費用是包括在賣方售價之內(nèi)的。因此，賣方與買方應(yīng)事先商定這些費用是否為售價的一部分， 或者分別計算。

　　4. The point of final destination should be definitely known in the event the vessel discharges at a port other than the actual destination of the goods.

　　5. When ocean freight space is difficult to obtain, or forward freight contracts cannot be made at firm rates, it is advisable that sales contracts, as an exception to regular C.&F. or C.I.F. terms, should provide that shipment within the contract period be subject to ocean freight space being available to the seller, and should also provide that changes in the cost of ocean transportation between the time of sale and the time of shipment be for account of the buyer.

　　6. Normally, the seller is obligated to prepay the ocean freight. In some instances, shipments are made freight collect, and the amount of the freight is deducted from the invoice rendered by the seller. It is necessary to be in agreement on this, in advance, in order to avoid misunderstanding which arises from foreign exchange fluctuations which might affect the actual cost of transportation, and from interest charges which might accrue under letter of credit financing. Hence, the seller should always prepay the ocean freight unless he has a specific agreement with the buyer, in advance, that goods can be shipped freight collect.

　　7. T(4)萬一船只在貨物實際目的地以外的其它港口卸貨，應(yīng)把這個最終目的地 明確通知有關(guān)方。

　　(5)當(dāng)海洋運輸艙位難于獲得，或無法按照穩(wěn)定的費率簽訂遠(yuǎn)期運輸合同， 則作為對通常的C.&F.和C.I.F.術(shù)語的一個例外，在買賣合同中訂明，在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)裝運貨物應(yīng)以賣方取得海洋運輸艙位為準(zhǔn)，同時還可訂明在訂 立合同與實際裝運這段時間內(nèi)海洋運輸費用的變動，應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　(6)在通常情況下，賣方有責(zé)任預(yù)付海洋運費。在有些情況下，運費是貨到 以后支付，運費總額從賣方提供的發(fā)票中扣除。對此應(yīng)該事先取得協(xié)議，以免由于外匯波動影響實際運輸費用而產(chǎn)生誤解，或由于信用證支付方式下利息費用的增加 所產(chǎn)生的誤解。因此，海洋運費總是應(yīng)由賣方預(yù)付，除非事先與買方訂有貨物運到 后支付運費的特別協(xié)議。

　　7. The buyer should recognize that he does not have the right to insist on inspection of goods prior to accepting the documents. The buyer should not refuse to take delivery of goods on account of delay in the receipt of documents, provided the seller has used due diligence in their dispatch through the regular channels.

　　8. Seller and buyers are advised against including in a C.I.F. contract any indefinite clause at variance with the obligations of a C.I.F. contract as specified in these Definitions. There have been numerous court decisions in the United States and other countries invalidating C.I.F. contracts because of the inclusion of indefinite clauses.

　　9. Interest charges should be included in cost computations and should not be charged as a separate item in C.I.F. contracts, unless otherwise agreed upon, in advance, between the seller and buyer, in which case, however, the term C.I.F. and I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Interest) should be used.

　　(7)買方應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，他無權(quán)堅持在接受單據(jù)以前檢驗貨物。如果賣方在通 過正常途徑寄送單據(jù)方面已作了適當(dāng)努力，即使買方延遲收到單據(jù)，也不應(yīng)為此而拒絕受領(lǐng)貨物。

　　(8)賣方與買方不要把與本定義所規(guī)定的C.I.F.合同義務(wù)不符的任何 不肯定的條款包括在C.I.F.合同之內(nèi)。在美國和其他國家法院的許多判例中，都曾因在C.I.F.合同包含了不肯定的條款，因而宣布該合同無效。

　　(9)除非賣方與買方之間事先另有約定，在C.I.F.合同中的利息費用 應(yīng)包括在成本之內(nèi)，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)作為單獨項目計算，否則，可采用C.I.F.&I.(成本加保險費、運費、利息)術(shù)語。

　　10. In connection with insurance under C.I.F. sales, it is necessary that seller and buyer be definitely in accord upon the following points:

　　(a) The character of the marine insurance should be agreed upon insofar as being W.A. (With Average) or F.P.A. (Free of Particular Average), as well as any other special risks that are covered in specific trades, or against which the buyer may wish individual protection. Among the special risks that should be considered and agreed upon between seller and buyer are theft, pliferage, leakage, breakage, sweat, contact with other cargoes, and others peculiar to any particular trade. It is important that contingent or collect freight and customs duty should be insured to cover Particular Average losses, as well as total loss after arrival and entry but before delivery.

　　(b) The seller is obligated to exercise ordinary care and diligence in selecting an underwriter that is in good financial standing. However, the risk of obtaining settlement of insurance claims rests with the buyer.

　　(c) War risk insurance under this term is to be obtained by the seller at the expense and risk of the buyer. It is important that the seller be in definite accord with the buyer on this point, particularly as to the cost. It is desirable that the goods be insured against both marine and war risk with the same underwriter, so that there can be no difficulty arising from the determination of the cause of the loss.

　　(d) Seller should make certain that in his marine or war risk insurance, there be included the standard protection against strikes, riots and civil commotions.

　　(e) Seller and buyer should be in accord as to the insured valuation, bearing in mind that merchandise contributes in General Average on certain bases of valuation which differ in various trades. It is desirable that a competent insurance broker be consulted, in order that full value be covered and trouble avoided.

　　關(guān)于C.I.F.交易中的保險問題，賣方與買方應(yīng)該肯定地就下列 各點取得協(xié)議：

　　a.對于保險險別，雙方應(yīng)共同明確是投保水漬險或平安險以及其他屬于特定 行業(yè)應(yīng)保的其他險別，或是買方需要獲得單獨保障的險別。賣方與買方應(yīng)考慮并取得協(xié)議的特殊險別有：偷盜、扒竊、滲漏、破碎、受潮、被其他貨物污染，以及對 一些特定行業(yè)專門投保的險別。重要的是，對應(yīng)急費用或到付運費和關(guān)稅應(yīng)投保單 獨海損和在貨物抵達(dá)與報關(guān)之后、交貨之前的全損。

　　b.賣方有責(zé)任關(guān)心并謹(jǐn)慎地選擇一家資信較佳的保險公司。雖然如此，解決 保險索賠的風(fēng)險，仍屬買方。

　　c.在此術(shù)語下，戰(zhàn)爭險是由買方負(fù)擔(dān)風(fēng)險及費用，由賣方代為投保。重要的 是，賣方必須對此與買方取是完全一致的意見，特別是關(guān)于費用問題。貨物海洋運輸險與戰(zhàn)爭險最好向同一家保險公司投保，這樣，在確定造成損失的原因時，就不 致發(fā)生困難。

　　d.賣方應(yīng)該核實，在投保海洋運輸險或戰(zhàn)爭險中，應(yīng)包括對罷工、暴動與民 變所引起的一般保護(hù)。

　　e.鑒于不同行業(yè)的商品，其在共同海損分?jǐn)傊械墓纼r的基礎(chǔ)不同，賣方與買 方對貨物投保價值，應(yīng)取得一致意見。最好請有經(jīng)驗的保險經(jīng)紀(jì)人資詢，以便保足貨物價值，以避免糾紛。

　　(Vl) Ex Dock目的港碼頭交貨

　　NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the Ex Dock Comments at end of this section (p. A-8) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under Ex Dock terms.

　　注：為充分了解在目的港碼頭交貨價格術(shù)語下相應(yīng)的責(zé)任和權(quán)利，買賣雙方不僅應(yīng)考慮到本定義，還需明了本節(jié)有關(guān)的注解。

　　EX DOCK (named port of importation) Under this term, seller quotes a price including the cost of the goods and all additional costs necessary to place the goods on the dock at the named port of importation, duty paid, if any.

　　EX DOCK (named port of importation) 按此術(shù)語，賣方報價包括貨物的成本和將貨物運到指定進(jìn)口港的碼頭所需的全 部附加費用，并交納進(jìn)口稅。

　　Under this quotation: 在此報價下：

　　Seller must: 賣方責(zé)任：

　　(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of importation;

　　(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;

　　(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;

　　(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the buyer and seller;

　　(1)負(fù)責(zé)安排貨物運至指定進(jìn)口港的運輸事宜并支付其費用。

　　(2)支付出口稅及因出口而征收的其他稅捐費用。

　　(3)辦理海洋運輸保險并支付其費用。

　　(4)除買賣雙方另有約定外，投保戰(zhàn)爭險并支付其費用。

　　(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the expiration of the free time allowed on the dock at the named port of importation;

　　(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, legalization of bill of lading, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.

　　(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes if any;

　　(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation;

　　(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation, unless otherwise agreed upon.

　　(5)承擔(dān)貨物的一切滅失及/或損壞責(zé)任，直至在指定的進(jìn)口港碼頭允許貨 物停留的期限屆滿時為止。

　　(6)支付為取得產(chǎn)地證明書、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票、提單簽證的費用，或由原產(chǎn)地及/ 或裝運地國家所簽發(fā)的、為貨物在目的地進(jìn)口及必要時經(jīng)由第三國過境運輸所需要的各種證件的費用。

　　(7)支付一切起岸費用，包括碼頭捐、卸貨費及稅捐等。

　　(8)支付在進(jìn)口國的一切報關(guān)費用。

　　(9)除非另有約定，支付進(jìn)口國的關(guān)稅和一切適用于進(jìn)口的稅捐等。

　　Buyer must: 買方責(zé)任：

　　(1) take delivery of the goods on the dock at the named port of importation within the free time allowed;

　　(2) bear the cost and risk of the goods if delivery is not taken within the free time allowed.

　　(1)在碼頭規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)，從指定進(jìn)口港碼頭上受領(lǐng)貨物。

　　(2)如不在碼頭的規(guī)定期限內(nèi)受領(lǐng)貨物，承擔(dān)貨物的費用與風(fēng)險。

　　Ex Dock Comments有關(guān)目的港碼頭交貨的注解

　　This term is used principally in United States import trade. It has various modifications, such as Ex Quay, Ex Pier, etc., but it is seldom, if ever, used in American export practice. Its use in quotations for export is not recommended.

　　這種術(shù)語主要應(yīng)用在美國的進(jìn)口貿(mào)易方面。它有多種式樣如Ex Quay, Ex Pier, 等等。但是很少用在美國的出口貿(mào)易上。