UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL BILLS

　　OF EXCHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL PROMISSORY NOTES

　　聯(lián)合國國際匯票和國際本票公約

　　(1988年12月9日訂于紐約，1990年6月30日以前開放簽字)

　　CHAPTER Ⅰ SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND FORM OF THE INSTRUMENT

　　第一章　適用范圍和票據(jù)格式

　　Article 1 　第一條

　　1.This Convention applies to an international bill of exchange when it contains the headingInternational bill of exchange (UNCITRAL Convention) and also contains in its text the wordsInternational bill of exchange (UNCITRAL Convention).

　　本公約適用于載有國際匯票(貿(mào)易法委會公約)標(biāo)題，并在文內(nèi)載有國際匯票(貿(mào)易法委會公約)等字樣的國際匯票。

　　2.This Convention applies to an international promissory note when it contains the headingInternational promissory note (UNCITRAL Convention) and also contains in its text the wordsInternational promissory note (UNCITRAL Convention).

　　本公約適用于載有國際本票(貿(mào)易法委會公約)標(biāo)題，并在文內(nèi)載有國際本票(貿(mào)易法委會公約)等字樣的國際本票。

　　3.This Convention does not apply to cheques.本公約不適用于支票。

　　Article 2 　第二條

　　1.An international bill of exchange is a bill of exchange which specifies at least two of the following places and indicates that any two so specified are situated in different States：

　　國際匯票是列明至少下列兩處地點并指出所列明的任何兩處地點位于不同國家的匯票：

　　(a)The place where the bill is drawn;匯票開出地點;

　　(b)The place indicated next to the signature of the drawer; 出票人簽名旁所示地點;

　　(c)The place indicated next to the name of the drawee; 受票人姓名旁所示地點;

　　(d)The place indicated next to the name of the payee;受款人姓名旁所示地點;

　　(e)The place of payment，付款地點。

　　provided that either the place where the bill is drawn or the place of payment is specified on the bill and that such place is situated in a Contracting State.

　　但須匯票上列明匯票開出地點或匯票付款地點，而且兩個地點均位于一個締約國境內(nèi)。

　　2.An international promissory note is a promissory note which specifies at least two of the following places and indicates that any two so specified are situated in different States：

　　國際本票是列明至少下列兩處地點并指出所列明的任何兩處地點位于不同國家的本票：

　　(a)The place where the note is made;本票簽立地點;

　　(b)The place indicated next to the signature of the maker;簽票人簽名旁所示地點;

　　(c)The place indicated next to the name of the payee;受款人姓名旁所示地點;

　　(d).The place of payment， 付款地點。

　　provided that the place of payment is specified on the note and that such place is situated in a Contracting State.

　　但須本票上列明付款地點，而且該地點位于一個締約國境內(nèi)。

　　3.This Convention does not deal with the question of sanctions that may be imposed under national law in cases where an incorrect or false statement has been made on an instrument in respect of a place referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 of this article.However，any such sanctions shall not affect the validity of the instrument or the application of this Convention.

　　本公約對一項票據(jù)所列本條第(1)或第(2)款所指地點有不正確的或虛假的情形，并未規(guī)定根據(jù)國內(nèi)法加以制裁的問題。但任何這種制裁均不應(yīng)影響票據(jù)的效力或本公約的適用。

　　Article 3 　第三條

　　1.A bill of exchange is a written instrument which：匯票是一種書面票據(jù)，其中：

　　(a)Contains an unconditional order whereby the drawer directs the drawee to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order;

　　載有出票人指示受票人向受款人或其指定之人支付一筆確定金額款項的無條件命令;

　　(b)Is payable on demand or at a definite time;載明憑票即付或在一確定日期付款;

　　(c)Is dated;載有出票日期;

　　(d)Is signed by the drawer. 載有出票人的簽字。

　　2.A promissory note is a written instrument which： 本票是一種書面票據(jù)，其中：

　　(a)Contains an unconditional promise whereby the maker undertakes to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order;

　　載有簽票人負(fù)責(zé)向受款人或其指定之人支付一筆確定金額款項的無條件承諾;

　　(b)Is payable on demand or at a definite time;載明憑票即付或在一確定日期付款;

　　(c)Is dated; 載有簽票日期;

　　(d)Is signed by the maker.載有簽票人的簽字。

　　CHAPTER Ⅱ INTERPRETATION 第二章　解釋

　　Section 1 General provisions 第一節(jié)　總則

　　Article 4 In the interpretation of this Convention，regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international transactions. 　　第四條　在解釋本公約時，應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到它的國際性質(zhì)，在適用上促進(jìn)其一致性的需要和在國際交易中遵守誠信的原則。

　　Article 5 In this Convention： 　　第五條　在本公約內(nèi)：

　　(a)Bill means an international bill of exchange governed by this Convention;

　　匯票是指本公約規(guī)定的國際匯票;

　　(b)Note means an international promissory note governed by this Convention; 本票是指本公約規(guī)定的國際本票;

　　(c)Instrument means a bill or a note; 票據(jù)是指匯票或本票;

　　(d)Drawee means a person on whom a bill is drawn and who has not accepted it; 受票人是指匯票已對他開出而尚未經(jīng)他承兌的人;

　　(e)Payee means a person in whose favour the drawer directs payment to be made or to whom the maker promises to pay; 受款人是指出票人指示向他付款或簽票人承諾向他付款的人;

　　(f)Holder means a person in possession of an instrument in accordance with article 15;

　　持票人是指按第十五條的規(guī)定擁有票據(jù)的人;

　　(g)Protected holder means a holder who meets the requirements of article 29;

　　受保護的持票人是指符合第二十九條各項條件的持票人;

　　(h)Guarantor means any person who undertakes an obligation of guarantee under article 46，whether governed by paragraph 4 (b)(guaranteed)or paragraph 4 (c)(aval)of article 47;

　　保證人是指根據(jù)第四十六條承擔(dān)保證義務(wù)的任何人，無論其屬第四十七條第4款(b)項(保證)或第4款(c)項(擔(dān)保)的情況。

　　(i)Party means a person who has signed an instrument as drawer，maker，acceptor，endorser or guarantor;

　　當(dāng)事人是指作為出票人、簽票人、承兌人、背書人或保證人在票據(jù)上簽字的人;

　　(j)Maturity means the time of payment referred to in paragraphs 4，5，6 and 7 of article 9;到期是指第九條第4、第5、第6和第7款所指的付款日期;

　　(k)Signature means a handwritten signature，its facsimile or an equivalent authentication effected by any other means;forged signature includes a signature by the wrongful use of such means;

　　簽字是指手書簽字、其真跡電報或任何其他方式作出的相同認(rèn)證;偽造簽字包括非法使用上述方法所作出的簽字;

　　(1)Money orcurrency includes a monetary unit of account which is established by an intergovernmental institution or by agreement between two or more States，provided that this Convention shall apply without prejudice to the rules of the intergovernmental institution or to the stipulations of the agreement.

　　貨幣或通貨包括由一個政府間機構(gòu)制定或由兩個或兩個以上國家間協(xié)議規(guī)定的一種貨幣記帳單位，但本公約的適用不得妨礙該政府間機構(gòu)的規(guī)則或有關(guān)協(xié)議的規(guī)定。

　　Article 6 For the purposes of this Convention，a person is considered to have knowledge of a fact if he has actual knowledge of that fact or could not have been unaware of its existence. 　　第六條　為本公約的目的，如果某人實際上對一項事實知情，或不可能不知道該項事實的存在，則應(yīng)視為此人對該項事實知情。

　　Section 2 Interpretation of formal requirements 第二節(jié)　正式條件的解釋

　　Article 7 The sum payable by an instrument is deemed to be a definite sum although the instrument states that it is to be paid：

　　第七條　票據(jù)應(yīng)付的金額應(yīng)視為一筆確定的金額，盡管該票據(jù)表明這筆金額的支付應(yīng)：

　　(a)With interest;附有利息;

　　(b)By instalments at successive dates; 按若干日期依次分期支付;

　　(c)By instalments at successive dates with a stipulation in the instrument that upon default in payment of any instalment the unpaid balance becomes due;

　　按若干日期依次分期支付，并在票據(jù)上規(guī)定，當(dāng)任何一次分期支付未履行時，未付的余額即為到期;

　　(d)According to a rate of exchange indicated in the instrument or to be determined as directed by the instrument;or

　　按照票據(jù)上訂明的或由票據(jù)所示辦法來確定的匯率支付;或

　　(e)In a currency other than the currency in which the sum is expressed in the instrument. 以不同于用以表示票據(jù)金額的貨幣的另一種貨幣支付。

　　Article 8 　第八條

　　1.If there is a discrepancy between the sum expressed in words and the sum expressed in figures，the sum payable by the instrument is the sum expressed in words.

　　以文字表明的金額與以數(shù)碼表明的金額不符時，票據(jù)應(yīng)付金額即以文字金額為準(zhǔn)。

　　2.If the sum is expressed more than once in words，and there is a discrepancy，the sum payable is the smaller sum.The same rule applies if the sum is expressed more than once in figures only，and there is a discrepancy.

　　如果金額不止一次以文字表示，而其間有不符之處，則應(yīng)付金額即以較少金額為準(zhǔn)。如果金額不止一次以數(shù)碼表示，而其間有不符之處，則適用同樣規(guī)則。

　　3.If the sum is expressed in a currency having the same description as that of at least one other State than the State where payment is to be made，as indicated in the instrument，and the specified currency is not identified as the currency of any particular State，the currency is to be considered as the currency of the State where payment is to be made.

　　如用以表示金額的貨幣與票據(jù)上所載付款地點所在國以外的至少一個國家的貨幣同名，且該特定貨幣未經(jīng)指明為任何特定國家的貨幣，則該貨幣應(yīng)視為付款地點所在國的貨幣。

　　4.If an instrument states that the sum is to be paid with interest，without specifying the date from which interest is to run，interest runs from the date of the instrument.

　　任何票據(jù)載明在付款時應(yīng)附有利息，而未訂明起息日期，則利息應(yīng)自票據(jù)日期開始計算。

　　5.A stipulation stating that the sum is to be paid with interest is deemed not to have been written on the instrument unless it indicates the rate at which interest is to be paid.

　　票據(jù)上載明付款金額附有利息，除訂明付息的利率者外，視同無利息規(guī)定。

　　6.A rate at which interest is to be paid may be expressed either as a definite rate or as a variable rate.For a variable rate to qualify for this purpose，it must vary in relation to one or more reference rates of interest in accordance with provisions stipulated in the instrument and each such reference rate must be published or otherwise available to the public and not be subject，directly or indirectly，to unilateral determination by a person who is named in the instrument at the time the bill is drawn or the note is made，unless the person is named only in the reference rate provisions.

　　計息利率可以固定利率或可變利率表示。為使可變利率符合此一目的，該利率必須按照票據(jù)規(guī)定的條款，隨一種或多種基準(zhǔn)利率變化，而且對每一基準(zhǔn)利率必須加以公布或以其他方法向公眾提供，而不得由出票或簽票時在票據(jù)上指名的人以直接或間接方式單方面加以確定，除非僅在基準(zhǔn)利率規(guī)定中指名該人。

　　7.If the rate at which interest is to be paid is expressed as a variable rate，it may be stipulated expressly in the instrument that such rate shall not be less than or exceed a specified rate of interest，or that the variations are otherwise limited.

　　計息利率以可變利率表示時，可在票據(jù)上明文規(guī)定該利率不應(yīng)低于或高于某一指定利率，或以其他方式限制可變幅度。

　　8.If a variable rate does not qualify under paragraph 6 of this article or for any reason it is not possible to determine the numerical value of the variable rate for any period，interest shall be payable for the relevant period at the rate calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of article 70.

　　如果可變利率不符合本條第6款規(guī)定，或因任何理由不能確定任一期間的可變利率數(shù)值，則應(yīng)以按照第七十條第2款計算的利率支付有關(guān)期間的應(yīng)付利息。

　　Article 9 　第九條

　　1. An instrument is deemed to be payable on demand：

　　遇有下列情形之一，票據(jù)應(yīng)視為憑票即付：

　　(a) If it states that it is payable at sight or on demand or on presentment or if it contains words of similar import;or

　　載明見票即付或憑票即付或提示即付或載有類似含義的字樣;

　　(b)If no time of payment is expressed. 未表明付款日期。

　　2.An instrument payable at a definite time which is accepted or endorsed or guaranteed after maturity is an instrument payable on demand as regards the acceptor，the endorser or the guarantor.

　　載明確定日期付款的票據(jù)，于到期后獲得承兌、背書或保證，則對承兌人、背書人或保證人而言，即為憑票即付的票據(jù)。

　　2. An instrument is deemed to be payable at a definite time if it states that it is payable： 票據(jù)載明在下列日期之一付款時，即視為在一確定期間付款：

　　3.

　　(a) On a stated date or at a fixed period after a stated date or at a fixed period after the date of the instrument;

　　在某一規(guī)定的日期或規(guī)定日期后的一定期間或票據(jù)日期后的一定期間;

　　(b)At a fixed period after sight; 見票后的一定期間;

　　(c)By instalments at successive dates;or 按若干日期依次分期支付;

　　(d)By instalments at successive dates with the stipulation in the instrument that upon default in payment of any instalment the unpaid balance becomes due.

　　按若干日期依次分期支付，并在票據(jù)上規(guī)定，當(dāng)任何一次分期支付未履行時，未支付的余額即為到期。

　　4.The time of payment of an instrument payable at a fixed period after date is determined by reference to the date of the instrument.

　　在票據(jù)日期后的一定期間付款的票據(jù)，其付款時間由票據(jù)日期確定。

　　5.The time of payment of a bill payable at a fixed period after sight is determined by the date of acceptance or，if the bill is dishonored by nonacceptance，by the date of protest or，if protest is dispensed with，by the date of dishonour.

　　見票后一定期間付款的匯票，其付款時間由承兌日期確定，或在不獲承兌而遭退票的情況下，由拒絕證書日期確定，或在免除拒絕證書的情況下，由退票日期確定。

　　6.The time of payment of an instrument payable on demand is the date on which the instrument is presented for payment.

　　憑票即付的票據(jù)，其付款時間是該票據(jù)被提示付款的日期。

　　7.The time of payment of a note payable at a fixed period after sight is determined by the date of the visa signed by the maker on the note or，if his visa is refused，by the date of presentment.

　　見票后一定期間付款的本票，其付款時間由簽票人在本票上簽認(rèn)見票的日期決定，如簽認(rèn)被拒絕時，則提示日期決定。

　　8.If an instrument is drawn，or made，payable one or more months after a stated date or after the date of the instrument or after sight，the instrument is payable on the corresponding date of the month when payment must be made.If there is no corresponding date，the instrument is payable on the last day of that month.

　　開出或簽立票據(jù)規(guī)定在指定日期后的或票據(jù)日期后的或見票后的一個月或數(shù)個月付款時，該票據(jù)應(yīng)在應(yīng)該付款的那一個月內(nèi)的相應(yīng)日期付款。如果沒有相應(yīng)日期，則應(yīng)在該月的最后一天付款。

　　Article 10　第十條

　　1.A bill may be drawn： 匯票可：

　　(a)By two or more drawers; 由兩個或兩個以上出票人開出;

　　(b)Payable to two or more payees.開出向兩個或兩個以上受款人付款。

　　2.A note may be made：本票可：

　　(a)By two or more makers;由兩個或兩個以上簽票人簽立;

　　(b)Payable to two or more payees.簽立向兩個或兩個以上受款人付款。

　　3.If an instrument is payable to two or more payees in the alternative，it is payable to any one of them and any one of them in possession of the instrument may exercise the fights of a holder.In any other case the instrument is payable to all of them and the rights of a holder may be exercised only by all of them.

　　票據(jù)如經(jīng)規(guī)定向兩個或兩個以上受款人中的任一人付款時，可向其中任一人付款;其中任一擁有該票據(jù)的人可行使持票人的權(quán)利。在其他任何情況下，票據(jù)應(yīng)向全體受款人付款，持票人的權(quán)利只可由全體受款人來行使。

　　Article 11 A bill may be drawn by the drawer：　　第十一條　匯票可由出票人：

　　(a)On himself; 向他自己開出;

　　(b)Payable to his order. 開出向他所指定的人付款。

　　Section 3 Completion of an incomplete instrument 第三節(jié)　不完整票據(jù)的補齊

　　Article 12 　第十二條

　　1.An incomplete instrument which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of article 1 and bears the signature of the drawer or the acceptance of the drawee，or which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph 2 of article 1 and paragraph 2 (d)of article 3，but which lacks other elements pertaining to one or more of the requirements set out in articles 2 and 3，may be completed，and the instrument so completed is effective as a bill or a note.

　　不完整的票據(jù)滿足第一條第1款的條件并載有出票人簽字或受票人承兌或滿足第一條第2款和第3條第2款(d)項的條件，但缺乏第2和第3條的一項或多項條件的其他有關(guān)要素時，可予以補齊，如此補齊后的票據(jù)即為有效的匯票或本票。

　　2.If such an instrument is completed without authority or otherwise than in accordance with the authority given：

　　這種票據(jù)的補齊如未經(jīng)授權(quán)或不按照所獲授權(quán)，則：

　　(a)A party who signed the instrument before the completion may invoke such lack of authority as a defence against a holder who had knowledge of such lack of authority when he became a holder;

　　于補齊前在票據(jù)上簽字的當(dāng)事人，可以就這種缺乏授權(quán)對在成為持票人時即知道這種缺乏授權(quán)的持票人提出抗辯;

　　(b)A party who signed the instrument after the completion is liable according to the terms of the instrument so completed.

　　于補齊后在票據(jù)上簽字的當(dāng)事人，應(yīng)按照所補齊的票據(jù)上的條件承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　CHAPTER Ⅲ TRANSFER 第三章　轉(zhuǎn)讓

　　Article 13 An instrument is transferred： 　第十三條　票據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)讓手續(xù)是：

　　(a) By endorsement and delivery of the instrument by the endorser to the endorsee;or

　　由背書人對被背書人作成背書并交付該票據(jù);或

　　(b)By mere delivery of the instrument if the last endorsement is in blank.

　　當(dāng)前手背書是空白背書時，則僅交付該票據(jù)。

　　Article 14 　第十四條

　　1.An endorsement must be written on the instrument or on a slip affixed thereto(allonge).It must be signed.

　　背書必須寫在票據(jù)上或其附單(粘單)上，必須簽字。

　　2.An endorsement may be：背書可為：

　　(a)In blank，that is，by a signature alone or by a signature accompanied by a statement to the effect that the instrument is payable to a person in possession of it;

　　空白背書，即僅有簽字或簽字附加說明表示憑該票據(jù)向票據(jù)擁有者付款;

　　(b)Special，that is，by a signature accompanied by an indication of the person to whom the instrument is payable.

　　特別背書，即簽字并指明憑該票據(jù)向何人付款。

　　3.A signature alone，other than that of the drawee，is an endorsement only if placed on the back of the instrument.

　　非受票人僅在票據(jù)背面簽字即為背書。

　　Article 15　第十五條

　　1.A person is.a holder if he is：具備下列條件之一即為持票人：

　　(a)The payee in possession of the instrument;or 擁有票據(jù)的受款人;

　　(b)In possession of an instrument which has been endorsed to him，or on which the last endorsement is in blank，and on which there appears an uninterrupted series of endorsements，even if any endorsement was forged or was signed by an agent without authority.

　　擁有已經(jīng)背書轉(zhuǎn)讓給他或前手背書為空白背書的票據(jù)，并且該票據(jù)上有一系列的連續(xù)背書，即使任一背書是偽造的或是由未經(jīng)授權(quán)的代理人簽字的背書。

　　2.If an endorsement in blank is followed by another endorsement，the person who signed this last endorsement is deemed to be an endorsee by the endorsement in blank.

　　如果一項空白背書之后接著有另一項背書，則最后這項背書的簽字人即視為該空白背書的被背書人。

　　3.A person is not prevented from being a holder by the fact that the instrument was obtained by him or any previous holder under circumstances，including incapacity or fraud，duress or mistake of any kind，that would give rise to a claim to，or a defence against liability on，the instrument.

　　票據(jù)系某人或任何前手持票人在缺乏行為能力或欺詐、肋迫或任何種類的錯誤等情形下取得，并可能由此導(dǎo)致對該票據(jù)的索償或就責(zé)任提出抗辯的事實，不妨礙他成為持票人。

　　Article 16 The holder of an instrument on which the last endorsement is in blank may： 　　第十六條　票據(jù)持有人的前手背書是空白背書時，可：

　　(a) Further endorse it either by an endorsement in blank or by a special endorsement; 在該票據(jù)上以空白背書或特別背書再作背書;或

　　(b)Convert the blank endorsement into a special endorsement by indicating in the endorsement that the instrument is payable to himself or to some other specified person;or

　　將空白背書轉(zhuǎn)變成特別背書，在該背書內(nèi)表明該票據(jù)向他自己付款或向其他某一指定的人付款;或

　　(c)Transfer the instrument in accordance with subparagraph (b)of article 13.

　　按照第十三條(b)項的規(guī)定轉(zhuǎn)讓該票據(jù)。

　　Article 17 第十七條

　　1.If the drawer or the maker has inserted in the instrument such words asnot negotiable，not transferable，not to order，pay (X)only，or words of similar import，the instrument may not be transferred except for purposes of collection，and any endorsement，even if it does not contain words authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，is deemed to be an endorsement for collection.

　　出票人或簽票人在票據(jù)上加入不可流通，不可轉(zhuǎn)讓，不可指定人，僅向(某人)付款等字樣，或類似含義的字樣時，除為托收目的外，該票據(jù)不得轉(zhuǎn)讓，而且任何背書，即使其中未載有授權(quán)被背書人托收票據(jù)字樣，也應(yīng)視為托收背書。

　　2.If an endorsement contains the wordsnot negotiable，not transferable，not to order，pay (X)only，or words of similar import，the instrument may not be transferred further except for purposes of collection，and any subsequent endorsement，even if it does not contain words authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，is deemed to be an endorsement for collection.

　　背書含有不可流通、不可轉(zhuǎn)讓、不可指定人、僅向(某人)付款等字樣，或類似含義的字樣時，除為托收目的外，該票據(jù)不得繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)讓。任何其后的背書，即使其中未載有授權(quán)被背書人托收票據(jù)字樣，也應(yīng)視為托收背書。

　　Article 18 第十八條

　　1.An endorsement must be unconditional.背書必須是無條件的。

　　2.A conditional endorsement transfers the instrument whether or not the condition is fulfilled.The condition is ineffective as to those parties and transferees who are subsequent to the endorsee.

　　以附條件的背書轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)時，不問條件是否實現(xiàn)均轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)。該條件對被背書人之后的各當(dāng)事人和受讓人無效。

　　Article 19 An endorsement in respect of a part of the sum due under the instrument is ineffective as an endorsement.

　　第十九條　對票據(jù)應(yīng)付金額的一部分所作的背書，作為背書是無效的。

　　Article 20 If there are two or more endorsements，it is presumed，unless the contrary is proved，that each endorsement was made in the order in which it appears on the instrument. 　　第二十條　有兩個或兩個以上背書時，除有相反的證明外，即推定票據(jù)上所載背書的順序為每一背書的作出次序。

　　Article 21 第二十一條

　　1.If an endorsement contains the wordsfor collection，for deposit，value in collection，by procuration，pay any bank，or words of similar import authorizing the endorsee to collect the instrument，the endorsee is a holder who：

　　背書文字含有托收用、存款用、托收價值、代理、向任何銀行付款等字樣，或類似含義的字樣，借以授權(quán)被背書人收取票款時，則被背書人為持票人，他：

　　(a)May exercise all rights arising out of the instrument;可行使由票據(jù)產(chǎn)生的一切權(quán)利;

　　(b)May endorse the instrument only for purposes of collection;

　　僅可為托收目的在票據(jù)上背書;

　　(b) Is subject only to the claims and defences which may be set up against the endorser. 僅受可向背書人提出的索償和抗辯的限制。

　　2.The endorser for collection is not liable on the instrument to any subsequent holder.

　　托收的背書人對該票據(jù)的任何后手持票人不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Article 22 第二十二條

　　1.If an endorsement contains the wordsvalue in security，value in pledge，or any other words indicating a pledge，the endorsee is a holder who：

　　背書文字含有擔(dān)保價值、保證價值等字樣或任何表明保證的其他字樣時，則被背書人為持票人，他：

　　(a)May exercise all rights arising out of the instrument;可行使由票據(jù)產(chǎn)生的一切權(quán)利;

　　(b)May endorse the instrument only for purposes of collection;

　　僅可為托收目的在票據(jù)上背書;

　　(c) Is subject only to the claims and defences specified in article 28 or article 30.

　　僅受第二十八或第三十條具體規(guī)定的索償和抗辯的限制。

　　2.If such an.endorsee endorses for collection，he is not liable on the instrument to any subsequent holder.

　　這種被背書人為托收背書時，則他對該票據(jù)的任何后手持票人不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Article 23 The holder of an instrument may transfer it to a prior party or to the drawee in accordance with article 13;however，if the transferee has previously been a holder of the instrument，no endorsement is required，and any endorsement which would prevent him from qualifying as a holder may be struck out.

　　第二十三條　持票人可按照第十三條向一個前手當(dāng)事人或向受票人轉(zhuǎn)讓該票據(jù);但如被轉(zhuǎn)讓人以前曾是該票據(jù)的持有人，則不需要背書，任何有礙于使他取得持票人資格的背書均可劃掉。

　　Article 24 An instrument may be transferred in accordance with article 13 after maturity，except by the drawee，the acceptor or the maker.

　　第二十四條　除受票人、承兌人或簽票人外，可在票據(jù)到期后按照第13條的規(guī)定轉(zhuǎn)讓該票據(jù)。

　　Article 25 　第二十五條

　　1.If an endorsement is forged，the person whose endorsement is forged，or a party who signed the instrument before the forgery，has the right to recover compensation for any damage that he may have suffered because of the forgery against：

　　如果背書是偽造的，其背書被偽造的人或在偽造前簽署票據(jù)的當(dāng)事人有權(quán)就因此項偽造而遭受的任何損失向下列人員索取賠償：

　　(a)The forger; 偽造人;

　　(b)The person to whom the instrument was directly transferred by the forger;

　　偽造人直接向其轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)的人;

　　(c)A party or the drawee who paid the instrument to the forger directly or through one or more endorsers for collection.

　　向偽造人直接支付票據(jù)款項的當(dāng)事人或受票人。

　　2.However，an endorsee for collection is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if he is without knowledge of the forgery：

　　但如托收被背書人：

　　(a)At the time he pays the principal or advises him of the receipt of payment;or

　　在他向委托人付款或通知委托人已收到付款時，或

　　(b) At the time he receives payment，if this is later，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　在他收到付款時(若此情況發(fā)生在后)，對偽造毫不知情，應(yīng)不負(fù)第1款所規(guī)定的責(zé)任，除非這種不知情是由于他未依誠信原則行事，或未盡適當(dāng)注意。

　　3.Furthermore，a party or the drawee who pays an instrument is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if，at the time he pays the instrument，he is without knowledge of the forgery，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　此外，支付票據(jù)款項的當(dāng)事人或受票人如在支付票據(jù)款項時，對偽造毫不知情，應(yīng)不負(fù)本條第1款所規(guī)定的責(zé)任，除非這種不知情是由于他未依誠信原則行事，或未盡適當(dāng)注意。

　　4.Except as against the forger，the damages recoverable under paragraph 1 of this article may not exceed the amount referred to in article 70 or article 71.

　　除對偽造人外，根據(jù)本條第1款可予索回的損害賠償金額不得超過第七十或第七十一條所提到的數(shù)額。

　　Article 26 第二十六條

　　1.If an endorsement is made by an agent without authority or power to bind his principal in the matter，the principal，or a party who signed the instrument before such endorsement，has the fight to recover compensation for any damage that he may have suffered because of such endorsement against：

　　如果背書系由就該事項未經(jīng)授權(quán)或無權(quán)約束其委托人的代理人作出，則該委托人或在該背書之前簽署該票據(jù)的當(dāng)事人有權(quán)就因此項背書而遭受的任何損失，向下列人員索取賠償：

　　(a)The agent;代理人;

　　(b)The person to whom the instrument was directly transferred by the agent;

　　代理人直接向其轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)的人;

　　(c)A party or the drawee who paid the instrument to the agent directly or through one or more endorsers for collection.

　　向代理人直接或通過一個或多個托收被背書人支付票據(jù)款項的當(dāng)事人或受票人。

　　2.However，an endorsee for collection is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if he is without knowledge that the endorsement does not bind the principal：

　　但如托收被背書人：

　　(a)At the time he pays the principal or advises him of the receipt of payment;or

　　在他向委托人付款或通知委托人已收到票據(jù)款項時，或

　　(b)At the time he receives payment，if this is later，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　在他收到付款時(若此情況發(fā)生在后)，對于該背書對委托人并無約束力的事實毫不知情，應(yīng)不負(fù)本條第1款所規(guī)定的責(zé)任，除非這種不知情是由于他未依誠信原則行事，或未盡適當(dāng)注意。

　　3.Furthermore，a party or the drawee who pays an instrument is not liable under paragraph 1 of this article if，at the time he pays the instrument，he is without knowledge that the endorsement does not bind the principal，unless his lack of knowledge is due to his failure to act in good faith or to exercise reasonable care.

　　此外，支付票據(jù)款項的當(dāng)事人或受票人如在支付票據(jù)款項時，對于該背書對委托人并無約束力的事實毫不知情，應(yīng)不負(fù)第1款所規(guī)定的責(zé)任，除非這種不知情是由于他未依誠信原行事，或未盡適當(dāng)注意。

　　4.Except as against the agent，the damages recoverable under paragraph 1 of this article may not exceed the amount referred to in article 70 or article 71.

　　除對代理人外，根據(jù)本條第1款可予索回的損害賠償金額不得超過第七十或第七一條所提到的數(shù)額。

　　CHAPTER Ⅳ RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES 第四章　權(quán)利和責(zé)任

　　Section 1 The rights of a holder and of a protected holder

　　第一節(jié)　持票人和受保護的持票人的權(quán)利

　　Article 27 第二十七條

　　1.The holder of an instrument has all the rights conferred on him by this Convention against the parties to the instrument.

　　票據(jù)持有人對該票據(jù)各當(dāng)事人擁有本公約授予他的一切權(quán)利。

　　2.The holder may transfer the instrument in accordance with article 13.

　　持票人可按照第十三條轉(zhuǎn)讓該票據(jù)。

　　Article 28　第二十八條

　　1.A party may set up against a holder who is not a protected holder：

　　當(dāng)事人可向不是受保護的持票人提出：

　　(a)Any defence that may be set up against a protected holder in accordance with paragraph 1 of article 30;

　　按本公約第三十條第1款可對受保護的持票人提出的任何抗辯;

　　(b)Any defence based on the underlying transaction between himself and the drawer or between himself and his transferee，but only ff the holder took the instrument with knowledge of such defence or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it;

　　基于他本人與出票人或他本人與其受讓人在票據(jù)項下一項交易的任何抗辯，但必須持票人在取得票據(jù)時對這種抗辯知情，或他系以欺詐或偷竊手段取得票據(jù)，或曾于任何時間參加與票據(jù)有關(guān)的欺詐或偷竊行為;

　　(c)Any defence arising from the circumstances as a result of which he became a party，but only if the holder took the instrument with knowledge of such defence or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it;

　　基于他成為當(dāng)事人的情況所產(chǎn)生的任何抗辯，但必須持票人在取得票據(jù)時對這種抗辯知情，或他系以欺詐或偷竊手段取得票據(jù)，或曾于任何時間參加與票據(jù)有關(guān)的欺詐或偷竊行為;

　　(d)Any defence which may be raised against an action in contract between himself and the holder;

　　對他本人與持票人間的合同內(nèi)行動可提出的任何抗辯;

　　(e)Any other defence available under this Convention.

　　根據(jù)本公約所能提出的其他任何抗辯。

　　2.The fights to an instrument of a holder who is not a protected holder are subject to any valid claim to the instrument on the part of any person，but only if he took the instrument with knowledge of such claim or if he obtained the instrument by fraud or theft or participated at any time in a fraud or theft concerning it.

　　不是受保護的持票人的持票人對票據(jù)的權(quán)利須受任何人對該票據(jù)有效索償?shù)南拗?，但必須他在取得票?jù)時對這種索償知情，或他系以欺詐或偷竊手段取得票據(jù)，或曾于任何時間參加與票據(jù)有關(guān)的欺詐或偷竊行為。

　　3.A holder who takes an instrument after the expiration of the timelimit for presentment for payment is subject to any claim to，or defence against liability on，the instrument to which his transferor is subject.

　　于提示付款期限屆滿后取得票據(jù)的持票人須受制約其轉(zhuǎn)讓人的任何對票據(jù)的索償或票據(jù)責(zé)任提出的抗辯的限制。

　　4.A party may not raise as a defence against a holder who is not a protected holder the fact that a third person has a claim to the instrument unless：

　　除有下列情形之一外，當(dāng)事人不得以第三者對該票據(jù)有索償?shù)氖聦嵪虿皇鞘鼙Ｗo的持票人提出抗辯：

　　(a)The third person asserted a valid claim to the instrument;or

　　該第三者對該票據(jù)提出了有效索償;

　　(b)The holder acquired the instrument by theft or forged the signature of the payee or an endorsee，or participated in the theft or the forgery.

　　)該持票人以偷竊手段取得該票據(jù)或偽造受款人或被背書人的簽字，或參加該偷竊或偽造行為。

　　Article 29 Protected holder means the holder of an instrument which was complete when he took it or which was incomplete within the meaning of paragraph 1 of article 12 and was completed in accordance with authority given，provided that when he became a holder： 第二十九條　受保護的持票人是指以下票據(jù)的持有人，即該票據(jù)在他取得時是完整的?；蛟撈睋?jù)屬于第十二條第1款所指的不完整票據(jù)并已按照授權(quán)予以補齊，但必須是在他成為持票人時：

　　(a)He was without knowledge of a defence against liability on the instrument referred to in paragraphs 1 (a)，(b)，(c)and (e)of article 28;

　　他對第二十八條第1款(a)、(b)、(c)和(e)項所指的對票據(jù)責(zé)任的抗辯不知情;

　　(b)He was without knowledge of a valid claim to the instrument of any person;

　　他對任何人對該票據(jù)的有效索償不知情;

　　(c)He was without knowledge of the fact that it had been dishonored by nonacceptance or by nonpayment;

　　他對該票據(jù)曾因不獲承兌或不獲付款而遭退票的事實不知情;

　　(d)The timelimit provided by article 55 for presentment of that instrument for payment had not expired;

　　該票據(jù)沒有超出第五十五條所訂的提示付款的期限;

　　(e)He did not obtain the instrument by fraud or theft or participate in a fraud or theft concerning it.

　　他未以欺詐或偷竊手段取得票據(jù)或未參加與票據(jù)有關(guān)的欺詐或偷竊行為。

　　Article 30　第三十條

　　1.A party may not set up against a protected holder any defence except：

　　當(dāng)事人不得對受保護的持票人提出任何抗辯，但下列抗辯除外：

　　(a)Defences under paragraph 1 of article 33，article 34，paragraph 1 of article 35，paragraph 3 of article 36，paragraph 1 of article 53，paragraph 1 of article 57，paragraph 1 of article 63 and article 84 of this Convention;

　　本公約第三十三條第1款、第三十四條、第三十五條第1款、第三十六條第3款、第五十三條第1款、第五十七條第1款、第六十三條第1款和第八十四條規(guī)定的抗辯定的抗辯。

　　(b)Defences based on the underlying transaction between himself and such holder or arising from any fraudulent act on the part of such holder in obtaining the signature on the instrument of that party;

　　基于他本人與上述持票人在票據(jù)項下的交易或由于上述持票人有任何欺詐行為而使該當(dāng)事人在票據(jù)上簽字而提出的抗辯。

　　(c)Defences based on his incapacity to incur liability on the instrument or on the fact that he signed without knowledge that his signature made him a party to the instrument，provided that his lack of knowledge was not due to his negligence and provided that he was fraudulently induced so to sign.

　　基于上述當(dāng)事人不具備履行票據(jù)責(zé)任的行為能力，或基于上述當(dāng)事人在不知道他的簽字會使他成為票據(jù)當(dāng)事人的情況下而簽了字的事實而提出的抗辯，但須這種不知情并非因其疏忽所致，且須他是被誘騙簽字。

　　2.The rights to an instrument of a protected holder are not subject to any claim to the instrument on the part of any person，except a valid claim arising from the underlying transaction between himself and the person by whom the claim is raised.

　　受保護的持票人對票據(jù)的權(quán)利不受任何人對該票據(jù)的任何索償?shù)南拗疲捎谒救伺c索償者在票據(jù)項下的交易而引起的有效索償除外。

　　Article 31　第三十一條

　　1.The transfer of an instrument by a protected holder vests in any subsequent holder the rights to and on the instrument which the protected holder had.

　　受保護的持票人轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)后，即將受保護的持票人對該票據(jù)的權(quán)利和就該票據(jù)擁有的權(quán)利授予任何后手持票人。

　　2.Those rights are not vested in a subsequent holder if：

　　如有下列情形，后手持票人即不享有這種權(quán)利：

　　(a)He participated in a transaction which gives rise to a claim to，or a defence against liability on，the instrument;

　　他參與了一項引起對該票據(jù)索償或就票據(jù)責(zé)任提出抗辯的交易;

　　(b)He has previously been a holder，but not a protected holder.

　　他以前曾是持票人但不是受保護的持票人。

　　Article 32 Every holder is presumed to be a protected holder unless the contrary is proved. 　　第三十二條　除有相反證明外，第一個持票人均推定為受保護的持票人。

　　Section 2 Liabilities of the parties 第二節(jié)　當(dāng)事人的責(zé)任

　　A.General provisions A.總則

　　Article 33 　第三十三條

　　1.Subject to the provisions of articles 34 and 36，a person is not liable on an instrument unless he signs it.

　　在第三十四和第三十六條規(guī)定的限制下，除非一個人在票據(jù)上簽字，他對該票據(jù)不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　2.A person who signs an instrument in a name which is not his own is liable as if he had signed it in his own name.

　　一個人以非其本名的名字在票據(jù)上簽字，則須如同以其本名簽字一樣地承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Article 34 A forged signature on an instrument does not impose any liability on the person whose signature was forged.However，if he consents to be bound by the forged signature or represents that it is his own，he is liable as if he had signed the instrument himself.

　　第三十四條　票據(jù)上偽造的簽字不應(yīng)使被偽造的簽字的人承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。但如他同意受該偽造簽字的約束或聲稱這是他本人的簽字，則須如同他本人曾簽署該票據(jù)一樣地承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　Article `35第三十五條

　　1. If an instrument is materially altered: 票據(jù)如經(jīng)重大改動時：

　　(a) A party who signs it after the material alteration is liable according to the terms of the altered text;

　　于重大改動后在票據(jù)上簽字的當(dāng)事人按改動后的條件承擔(dān)責(zé)任;

　　(b) A party who signs it before the material alteration is liable according to the terms of the original text. However, if a party makes, authorizes or assents to a material alteration, he is liable according to the terms of the altered text.

　　于重大改動前在票據(jù)上簽字的當(dāng)事人按原有條件承擔(dān)責(zé)任。但是，如果某當(dāng)事人作出、授權(quán)或同意某項重大改動，則他應(yīng)按改動后的條件承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　2. A signature is presumed to have been placed on the instrument after the material alteration unless the contrary is proved.

　　除有相反證明外，票據(jù)上的簽字推定為作成于重大改動以后。

　　3. Any alteration is material which modifies the written undertaking on the instrument of any party in any respect.

　　凡對票據(jù)上任何當(dāng)事人在任何方面的書面保證所作的任何改動，均為重大改動。

　　Article `36第三十六條

　　1. An instrument may be signed by an agent. 票據(jù)可由代理人簽字。

　　2. The signature of an agent placed by him on an instrument with the authority of his principal and showing on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity for that named principal, or the signature of a principal placed on the instrument by an agent with his authority, imposes liability on the principal and not on the agent.

　　代理人經(jīng)委托人授權(quán)在票據(jù)上簽字，并且票據(jù)上顯示他是以指名的該一委托人的代表身份簽字，或經(jīng)委托人授權(quán)由代理人在票據(jù)上簽委托人的名字，則此簽字由委托人而非代理人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　3. A signature placed on an instrument by a person as agent but who lacks authority to sign or exceeds his authority, or by an agent who has authority to sign but who does not show on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity for a named person, or who shows on the instrument that he is signing in a representative capacity but does not name the person whom he represents, imposes liability on the person signing and not on the person whom he purports to represent.

　　一個人未經(jīng)授權(quán)簽字或越權(quán)而作為代理人在票據(jù)上簽字，或由經(jīng)授權(quán)簽字的代理人在票據(jù)上簽字但未在票據(jù)上顯示他是以某一指名的人的代表身份簽字，或雖在票據(jù)上顯示他是以代表身份簽字但未指明他所代表的人的姓名，則此簽字應(yīng)由在票據(jù)上簽字的人而非他聲稱他所代表的人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　4. The question whether a signature was placed on the instrument in a representative capacity may be determined only by reference to what appears on the instrument.

　　票據(jù)上的簽字是否以代表身份作出的問題，僅以票據(jù)上的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。

　　5. A person who is liable pursuant to paragraph`3 of this article and who pays the instrument has the same rights as the person for whom he purported to act would have had if that person had paid the instrument.

　　依據(jù)本條第3款承擔(dān)責(zé)任并支付票款的人所享有的權(quán)利與他聲稱代表的人支付票款后本應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利相同。

　　Article `37 第三十七條

　　The order to pay contained in a bill does not of itself operate as an assignment to the payee of funds made available for payment by the drawer with the drawee.

　　匯票所載的支付命令，其本身不能產(chǎn)生將出票人在受票人處可用于支付的資金轉(zhuǎn)移給受款人的作用。

　　B. - The drawer出票人

　　Article `38第三十八條

　　1. The drawer engages that upon dishonour of the bill by non-acceptance or by non-payment, and upon any necessary protest, he will pay the bill to the holder, or to any endorser or any endorser's guarantor who takes up and pays the bill.

　　出票人負(fù)責(zé)于匯票因不獲承兌或不獲付款而遭退票時，并憑任何必要的拒絕證書，向持票人或向取得并支付匯票的任何背書人或任何背書人的保證人，支付票款。

　　2. The drawer may exclude or limit his own liability for acceptance or for payment by an express stipulation in the bill. Such a stipulation is effective only with respect to the drawer. A stipulation excluding or limiting liability for payment is effective only if another party is or becomes liable on the bill.

　　出票人可在匯票上明文規(guī)定排除或限制他對承兌或付款的責(zé)任。此項規(guī)定只對該出票人有效。排除或限制付款責(zé)任的規(guī)定，只有在另一當(dāng)事人對匯票負(fù)有責(zé)任或承擔(dān)責(zé)任時才發(fā)生效力。

　　C. - The maker簽票人

　　Article `39第三十九條

　　1. The maker engages that he will pay the note in accordance with its terms to the holder, or to any party who takes up and pays the note.

　　2. The maker may not exclude or limit his own liability by a stipulation in the note. Any such stipulation is ineffective.

　　D. - The drawee and the acceptor

　　1.簽票人負(fù)責(zé)向持票人或向取得并支付本票的任何當(dāng)事人，按照本票所載條件支付票款。

　　2.簽票人不得在本票上規(guī)定排除或限制他自己的責(zé)任。任何此種規(guī)定均屬無效。

　　D.受票人和承兌人

　　Article `40第四十條

　　1. The drawee is not liable on a bill until he accepts it.

　　2. The acceptor engages that he will pay the bill in accordance with the terms of his acceptance to the holder, or to any party who takes up and pays the bill.

　　1.受票人在承兌匯票以前對該匯票不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　2.承兌人負(fù)責(zé)向持票人或向取得并支付匯票的任何當(dāng)事人，按照其承兌條件支付票款。

　　Article `41第四十一條

　　1. An acceptance must be written on the bill and may be effected:

　　(a) By the signature of the drawee accompanied by the word "accepted" or by words of similar import; or

　　(b) By the signature alone of the drawee.

　　2. An acceptance may be written on the front or on the back of the bill.

　　1.承兌必須書寫在匯票上，并可因有下列情形之一而生效;

　　(a)由受票人簽字并附有已承兌或類似含義的字樣;

　　(b)僅由受票人簽字。

　　2.承兌可書寫在匯票的正面或背面。

　　Article `42第四十二條

　　1. An incomplete bill which satisfies the requirements set out in paragraph`1 of article`1 may be accepted by the drawee before it has been signed by the drawer, or while otherwise incomplete.

　　2. A bill may be accepted before, at or after maturity, or after it has been dishonoured by non-acceptance or by non-payment.

　　3. If a bill drawn payable at a fixed period after sight, or a bill which must be presented for acceptance before a specified date, is accepted, the acceptor must indicate the date of his acceptance; failing such indication by the acceptor, the drawer or the holder may insert the date of acceptance.

　　4. If a bill drawn payable at a fixed period after sight is dishonoured by non-acceptance and the drawee subsequently accepts it, the holder is entitled to have the acceptance dated as of the date on which the bill was dishonoured.

　　1.凡滿足第一條第1款所載條件的不完整的匯票，可在出票人簽字前或在其他不完整的情況下由受票人承兌。

　　2.匯票可在到期前，到期日或到期后承兌，或在該匯票因不獲承兌或不獲付款而遭退票后承兌。

　　3.見票后一定期間付款的匯票或必須在某一指定日期前提示承兌的匯票，當(dāng)承兌時，承兌人必須注明承兌日期;如承兌人未注明承兌日期，則出票人或持票人均可加注承兌日期。

　　4.見票后一定期間付款的匯票因不獲承兌而遭退票，期后受票人又承兌了該匯票，則持票人有權(quán)要求以該匯票遭退票的日期作為承兌日期。

　　Article `43第四十三條

　　1. An acceptance must be unqualified. An acceptance is qualified if it is conditional or varies the terms of the bill.

　　2. If the drawee stipulates in the bill that his acceptance is subject to qualification:

　　(a) He is nevertheless bound according to the terms of his qualified acceptance;

　　(b) The bill is dishonoured by non-acceptance.

　　3. An acceptance relating to only a part of the sum payable is a qualified acceptance. If the holder takes such an acceptance, the bill is dishonoured by non-acceptance only as to the remaining part.

　　4. An acceptance indicating that payment will be made at a particular address or by a particular agent is not a qualified acceptance, provided that:

　　(a) The place in which payment is to be made is not changed;

　　(b) The bill is not drawn payable by another agent.

　　1.承兌必須是無條件的，承兌如果附加條件或改變匯票規(guī)定，即為有條件的。

　　2.如受票人在匯票上規(guī)定他的承兌須受條件的限制時：

　　(a)他仍應(yīng)按照其有條件承兌的規(guī)定而受約束;

　　(b)匯票在不獲承兌時即遭退票。

　　3.僅對部分應(yīng)付金額進(jìn)行承兌，是有條件承兌。如持票人接受這種承兌，則該匯票因不獲承兌而遭退票的只涉及該所余部分。

　　4.承兌時注明將在某一特定地址或由某一特定代理人付款的承兌，并非有條件承兌，但必須：

　　(a)付款的地點沒有改變;

　　(b)該匯票并非由另一代理人付款。

　　E. - The endorser背書人

　　Article `44第四十四條

　　1. The endorser engages that upon dishonour of the instrument by non-acceptance or by non-payment, and upon any necessary protest, he will pay the instrument to the holder, or to any subsequent endorser or any endorser's guarantor who takes up and pays the instrument.

　　2. An endorser may exclude or limit his own liability by an express stipulation in the instrument. Such a stipulation is effective only with respect to that endorser.

　　F. - The transferor by endorsement or by mere delivery

　　1.背書人負(fù)責(zé)于票據(jù)因不獲承兌或不獲付款而遭退票時，并憑任何必要的拒絕證書，向持票人或向取得或支付票據(jù)的任何后手背書人或任何背書人的保證人，支付票款。

　　2.背書人可在票據(jù)上明文規(guī)定排除或限制他自已的責(zé)任，這種規(guī)定僅對該背書人有效。

　　F.以背書或僅以交付方式的轉(zhuǎn)讓

　　Article `45第四十五條

　　1. Unless otherwise agreed, a person who transfers an instrument, by endorsement and delivery or by mere delivery, represents to the holder to whom he transfers the instrument that:

　　(a) The instrument does not bear any forged or unauthorized signature;

　　(b) The instrument has not been materially altered;

　　(c) At the time of transfer, he has no knowledge of any fact which would impair the right of the transferee to payment of the instrument against the acceptor of a bill or, in the case of an unaccepted bill, the drawer, or against the maker of a note.

　　2. Liability of the transferor under paragraph`1 of this article is incurred only if the transferee took the instrument without knowledge of the matter giving rise to such liability.

　　3. If the transferor is liable under paragraph`1 of this article, the transferee may recover, even before maturity, the amount paid by him to the transferor, with interest calculated in accordance with article`70, against return of the instrument.

　　1.除非另有協(xié)議，以背書和交付或僅以交付方式轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)的人向他對之轉(zhuǎn)讓票據(jù)的持票人表明：

　　(a)票據(jù)上沒有任何偽造或未經(jīng)授權(quán)的簽字;

　　(b)票據(jù)沒有重大改動;

　　(c)在轉(zhuǎn)讓時，他不知道有任何事實會損害受讓人向匯票承兌人，或在匯票不獲承兌的情況下向出票人或向本票的簽票人，要求支付票款的權(quán)利。

　　2.只有在受讓人接受票據(jù)時對造成本條第1款規(guī)定的責(zé)任的情況不知情，轉(zhuǎn)讓人才根據(jù)本條第1款承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　3.當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)讓人根據(jù)本條第1款承擔(dān)責(zé)任時，受讓人可以甚至在到期日前，憑退回票據(jù)，索回他付給轉(zhuǎn)讓人的款額，并加上按照第70條計算的利息。

　　G. - The guarantor保證人

　　Article `46第四十六條

　　1. Payment of an instrument, whether or not it has been accepted, may be guaranteed, as to the whole or part of its amount, for the account of a party or the drawee. A guarantee may be given by any person, who may or may not already be a party.

　　2. A guarantee must be written on the instrument or on a slip affixed thereto ("allonge").

　　3. A guarantee is expressed by the words "guaranteed", "aval", "good as aval" or words of similar import, accompanied by the signature of the guarantor. For the purposes of this Convention, the words "prior endorsements guaranteed" or words of similar import do not constitute a guarantee.

　　1.不論票據(jù)是否已獲承兌，均可對票據(jù)金額的全部或一部為某一當(dāng)事人或受票人提供付款保證。任何人均可提供保證而不論他是否已為當(dāng)事人。

　　2.保證應(yīng)記載在票據(jù)上或其附單(粘單)上。

　　3.保證應(yīng)用保證(guaranteed)、擔(dān)保(aval)、與擔(dān)保同(good as aval)等字樣或類似含義的字樣表示，并有保證人的簽字。為了本公約的目的，前手背書保證字樣或類似含義的字樣并不構(gòu)成保證。

　　4. A guarantee may be effected by a signature alone on the front of the instrument. A signature alone on the front of the instrument, other than that of the maker, the drawer or the drawee, is a guarantee.

　　5. A guarantor may specify the person for whom he has become guarantor. In the absence of such specification, the person for whom he has become guarantor is the acceptor or the drawee in the case of a bill, and the maker in the case of a note.

　　6. A guarantor may not raise as a defence to his liability the fact that he signed the instrument before it was signed by the person for whom he is a guarantor, or while the instrument was incomplete.

　　4.單是在票據(jù)正面的簽字即為保證。除簽票人、出票人的簽字外，單是在票據(jù)正面的簽字即為保證。

　　5.保證人可指明他所要保證的人。如未指明時，他所要保證的人就匯票而言，為承兌人或受票人，就本票而言，為簽票人。

　　6.保證人不得以他在票據(jù)上簽字在前而他所保證人的人簽字在后，或他在票據(jù)上簽字時票據(jù)并不完整的事實作為抗辯理由而拒不負(fù)責(zé)。