U.C.C. - ARTICLE 4 - BANK DEPOSITS AND COLLECTIONS銀行存款和收款

　　PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS [Table of Contents]一般規(guī)定和定義

　　§ 4-101. SHORT TITLE. 簡稱

　　This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code Bank Deposits and Collections. 本篇可以被引用為《統(tǒng)一商法典》銀行存款和收款。

　　§ 4-102. APPLICABILITY. 適用性

　　(a) To the extent that items within this Article are also within Articles 3 and 8, they are subject to those Articles. If there is conflict, this Article governs Article 3, but Article 8 governs this Article.

　　(b) The liability of a bank for action or non-action with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment, or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or non-action by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.

　　(a) 本篇、第3篇、第8篇內(nèi)的項目范圍內(nèi)，受本篇調(diào)整。若有沖突，本篇優(yōu)先于第3篇，但第8篇優(yōu)先于本篇。

　　(b) 銀行關(guān)于由其基于提示、付款、或收款目的處理的項目的作為或不作為的責任受銀行所在地的法律調(diào)整。在該作為或不作為是銀行的分支機構(gòu)或其獨立辦事處的行為時，其責任受分支機構(gòu)或獨立辦事處所在地的法律調(diào)整。

　　§ 4-103. VARIATION BY AGREEMENT; MEASURE OF DAMAGES; ACTION CONSTITUTING ORDINARY CARE.

　　協(xié)議變更; 損害賠償?shù)挠嬎? 構(gòu)成通常的注意的行為.

　　(a) The effect of the provisions of this Article may be varied by agreement , but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank's responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank's responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable.

　　(b) Federal Reserve regulations and operating circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like have the effect of agreements under subsection (a), whether or not specifically assented to by all parties interested in items handled.

　　(c) Action or non-action approved by this Article or pursuant to Federal Reserve regulations or operating circulars is the exercise of ordinary care and, in the absence of special instructions, action or non-action consistent with clearing-house rules and the like or with a general banking usage not disapproved by this Article, is prima facie the exercise of ordinary care.

　　(d) The specification or approval of certain procedures by this Article is not disapproval of other procedures that may be reasonable under the circumstances.

　　(e) The measure of damages for failure to exercise ordinary care in handling an item is the amount of the item reduced by an amount that could not have been realized by the exercise of ordinary care. If there is also bad faith it includes any other damages the party suffered as a proximate consequence.

　　(a) 本篇規(guī)定的效力可以協(xié)議變更，但協(xié)議的當事人不得放棄銀行對于下列行為的責任：由于缺乏善意、或不能行使通常注意義務(wù)、或限制由于其缺乏或不能所導(dǎo)致的損害賠償?shù)暮饬?。但，當事人可以協(xié)議決定衡量銀行責任的標準，如果那些標準不是明顯不合理。

　　(b) 聯(lián)邦儲備規(guī)則和操作細則、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、及類似的規(guī)章有(a)款下的協(xié)議的效力，無論是否由被處理的項目的利益相關(guān)的所有當事人明確同意。

　　(c) 本篇批準的、或者依照聯(lián)邦儲備規(guī)則或操作細則作為或不作為，是通常注意的行使，在沒有特別指令時，作為或不作為不違反票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、類似規(guī)則、或本篇本篇不禁止的一般的銀行業(yè)慣例，是行使通常的注意義務(wù)的初步證據(jù)。

　　(d) 本篇一定的程序或批準不是違反可能在具體情況下是合理的其他程序的禁止。

　　(e) 在處理一個項目時未盡通常的注意義務(wù)而導(dǎo)致的損害賠償?shù)挠嬎阃ㄟ^盡通常的注意義務(wù)不可能實現(xiàn)的金額減去該項目的金額。如果也有惡意，其包括當事人由此直接遭受的任何其他損害賠償金。

　　§ 4-104. DEFINITIONS AND INDEX OF DEFINITIONS. 定義與定義索引.

　　(a) In this Article, unless the context otherwise requires:

　　(1) "Account" means any deposit or credit account with a bank , including a demand, time, savings, passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;

　　(2) "Afternoon" means the period of a day between noon and midnight;

　　(3) "Banking day" means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions;

　　(4) "Clearing house" means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;

　　(a) 在本篇中，除非另有規(guī)定：

　　(1) "帳戶" 指銀行的任何存款或信用帳戶，包括查詢、時間、儲蓄、存折、共享匯票、或者類似的帳戶，除存款單證明的帳戶之外;

　　(2) "下午" 指一天中在中午和午夜之間的時間段;

　　(3) "銀行營業(yè)日" 指一天中銀行對公眾開放，充分運行其所有銀行功能的期間;

　　(4) "票據(jù)交換所" 指定期交換項目的銀行或其他付款人的聯(lián)合;

　　(5) "Customer" means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;

　　(6) "Documentary draft" means a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (Section 8-102) or instructions for uncertificated securities (Section 8-102), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;

　　(7) "Draft" means a draft as defined in Section 3-104 or an item, other than an instrument, that is an order.

　　(8) "Drawee" means a person ordered in a draft to make payment.

　　(9) "Item" means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment order governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip;

　　(5) "消費者" 指在一個銀行持有一個帳戶的人，或者一個銀行同意為他手機一個項目的人，包括在另一個銀行維持一個帳戶的銀行;

　　(6) "押匯匯票" 指一張?zhí)峤粸槌袃痘蚋犊畹膮R票，如果在匯票的承兌或付款以前，付款人或其他付款人指定的文件、證書證券(§ 8-102)或無證書證券(§ 8-102)的指示、或其他證書、陳述、或類似物;

　　(7) "匯票" 指§ 3-104規(guī)定的匯票，或者除票據(jù)之外，作為一項指示的項目。

　　(8) "付款人" 指在匯票中指定的作出付款的人。

　　(9) "項目" 指支付一個銀行為收款或付款目的而處理的金錢的一張票據(jù)或一項承諾或指令。該術(shù)語不包括第4a篇調(diào)整的付款指令或者銀行存款或債務(wù)卡;

　　(10) "Midnight deadline" with respect to a bank is midnight on its next banking day following the banking day on which it receives the relevant item or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later;

　　(11) "Settle" means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement may be either provisional or final.

　　(12) "Suspends payments" with respect to a bank means that it has been closed by order of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over, or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business.

　　(b) Other definitions applying to this Article and the sections in which they appear are:

　　(10) 關(guān)于一個銀行，"午夜期限" 是午夜，在銀行收到相關(guān)的項目或通知之日的下一個工作日的午夜，或者引起訴訟開始之日的下一個工作日的午夜，無論何者在后;

　　(11) "結(jié)算" 指通過票據(jù)交換所結(jié)算，在清算中的或通過匯款、或協(xié)議的其他方式，進行先進付款。結(jié)算可以是臨時性的也可以是終局性的。

　　(12) 關(guān)于一個銀行，"中止付款"指其已經(jīng)被監(jiān)督權(quán)力關(guān)閉，一個公眾的官員已經(jīng)被指定去接管它，或者其停止或拒絕作出付款在通常的商務(wù)過程中。

　　(b) 適用于本篇的其他定義及本條出現(xiàn)的定義是：

　　(d) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.

　　(d) 另外，第1篇包含的一般定義和解釋原則和解釋適用于本篇。

　　§ 4-105. "BANK"; "DEPOSITARY BANK"; "PAYOR BANK"; "INTERMEDIARY BANK"; "COLLECTING BANK"; "PRESENTING BANK".

　　"銀行"; "存款銀行"; "付款行"; "中間銀行"; "收款行"; "提示行".

　　In this Article : 在本篇中 :

　　(1) "Bank" means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or trust company.

　　(2) "Depositary bank" means the first bank to take an item even though it is also the payor bank, unless the item is presented for immediate payment over the counter;

　　(3) "Payor bank" means a bank that is the drawee of a draft;

　　(4) "Intermediary bank" means a bank to which an item is transferred in course of collection except the depositary or payor bank;

　　(5) "Collecting bank" means a bank handling an item for collection except the payor bank;

　　(6) "Presenting bank" means a bank presenting an item except a payor bank.

　　(1) 銀行 指從事銀行業(yè)的人，包括存款行、儲蓄貸款社(savings and loan association)、信用合作社(credit union)、或信托公司(trust company)。

　　(2) "存款銀行" 指第一個取得項目的銀行即使其也是付款行，除非該項目被提交基于在柜臺上即時付款的目的;

　　(3) "付款行" 指匯票的付款人的銀行;

　　(4) "中間銀行" 指除存款行或付款行外，在收款過程中受讓一個項目的銀行;

　　(5) "收款行" 指除付款行外，因收款處理一個項目的銀行;

　　(6) "提示行" 指除付款行外，提示一個項目的銀行。

　　§ 4-106. PAYABLE THROUGH OR PAYABLE AT BANK; COLLECTING BANK.

　　通過銀行支付或在銀行支付; 收款行.

　　(a) If an item states that it is "payable through" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.

　　Alternative A

　　(b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, the item is equivalent to a draft drawn on the bank.

　　Alternative B

　　(b) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.

　　(c) If a draft names a nonbank drawee and it is unclear whether a bank named in the draft is a co-drawee or a collecting bank, the bank is a collecting bank.

　　(a) 如果一個項目規(guī)定其應(yīng)付款通過一個該項目特定的銀行，(i) 該項目指定該銀行為收款行其本身不授權(quán)該銀行對該項目付款，及(ii) 該項目僅僅可以由該銀行或通過該銀行提示付款。

　　選項 a

　　(b) 如果一個項目規(guī)定其應(yīng)付款在一個該項目特定的銀行，該項目等等價于在該銀行提取的匯票。

　　選項 b

　　(b) 如果一個項目規(guī)定其應(yīng)付款在一個該項目特定的銀行，(i) 該項目指定該銀行為收款行，其本身不授權(quán)該銀行對該項目付款，及(ii) 該項目僅僅可以由該銀行或通過該銀行提示付款。

　　(c) 如果一張匯票指定一個非銀行付款人并且不清楚該匯票指定的銀行是否是聯(lián)合付款人還是一個收款銀行，該銀行是一個收款銀行。

　　§ 4-107. SEPARATE OFFICE OF BANK. 銀行的獨立辦事處.

　　A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time within which and determining the place at or to which action may be taken or notice or orders must be given under this Article and under Article 3.

　　銀行的分支機構(gòu)或獨立辦事處是一個獨立的銀行，根據(jù)本篇與第3篇必須提起訴訟、作出通知或指令，基于計算訴訟可以提起的時間、決定訴訟可以提起的地點或訴訟可以向其提起的目的。

　　§ 4-108. TIME OF RECEIPT OF ITEMS. 收到項目的時間

　　(a) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances, and make the necessary entries on its books to determine its position for the day, a bank may fix an afternoon hour of 2 P.M. or later as a cutoff hour for the handling of money and items and the making of entries on its books.

　　(b) An item or deposit of money received on any day after a cutoff hour so fixed or after the close of the banking day may be treated as being received at the opening of the next banking day.

　　(a) 基于給予下列行為時間的目的：處理項目、核算平衡(prove balances)、以及在其冊薄上作出必要登錄以確定該日的位置，一個銀行可以確定下午2點及以后的時間作為處理金錢以及在其冊薄上作出登錄的交接時間。

　　(b) 在確定的交接時間后的任何日期，或者在銀行營業(yè)日結(jié)束之后，收到的一個項目或活期存款可以被視為在下一個銀行營業(yè)日開始時收到。

　　§ 4-109. DELAYS. 遲延.

　　(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a specific item drawn on a payor other than a bank, and with or without the approval of any person involved, may waive, modify, or extend time limits imposed or permitted by this [Act] for a period not exceeding two additional banking days without discharge of drawers or indorsers or liability to its transferor or a prior party.

　　(b) Delay by a collecting bank or payor bank beyond time limits prescribed or permitted by this [Act] or by instructions is excused if (i) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, suspension of payments by another bank, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond the control of the bank , and (ii) the bank exercises such diligence as the circumstances require.

　　(a) 除 非另有指示，收款行善意地努力擔保一項付款，該付款是除銀行之外的付款人處提取的特別項目的付款，并且有或無相關(guān)人的批準，可以放棄、變更或擴展本[法 案] 規(guī)定或允許的時間限制，不超過兩個銀行營業(yè)日，不解除出票人或背書人或?qū)ζ渥屌c人或在前當事人的責任。

　　(b) 收款行或付款行超過本 [法案]規(guī)定或許可或指令的時間限制的遲延被免除，如果(i) 該遲延是由于下列原因所引起：通訊中斷或電腦設(shè)備故障、其他銀行中止付款、戰(zhàn)爭、意外事件、設(shè)備故障、或在銀行控制之外的其他詳情，及 (ii)該銀行盡了當時的詳情要求的勤勉義務(wù)。

　　§ 4-110. ELECTRONIC PRESENTMENT. "電子提示

　　(a) "Agreement for electronic presentment" means an agreement, clearing-house rule, or Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item ("presentment notice") rather than delivery of the item itself. The agreement may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishonor, and other matters concerning items subject to the agreement.

　　(b) Presentment of an item pursuant to an agreement for presentment is made when the presentment notice is received.

　　(c) If presentment is made by presentment notice, a reference to "item" or "check" in this Article means the presentment notice unless the context otherwise indicates.

　　(a) "電子提示協(xié)議" 指一份協(xié)議、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、或聯(lián)邦儲備規(guī)則或操作函件，規(guī)定可以通過傳輸一個項目的圖像或規(guī)定該項目的信息 ("提示通知") 作出一個項目的提示，而非項目本身的交付。該協(xié)議可以規(guī)定，調(diào)整保留、提示、付款、拒付、及其他涉及該項目的事項的程序不受該協(xié)議的影響。

　　(b) 一個項目的提示依照以份提示協(xié)議作出當該提示通知被收到時。

　　(c) 如果通過提示通知作出提示，在本篇中提及的"項目"或"支票"指提示通知，除非另有相反規(guī)定。

　　§ 4-111. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. 法定時效.

　　An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this Article must be commenced within three years after the [cause of action] accrues.

　　一個訴訟去執(zhí)行一項債務(wù)、義務(wù)、或在本篇下的權(quán)利，必須被提起在3年內(nèi)在[訴訟原因]發(fā)生之后。

　　PART 2. COLLECTION OF ITEMS: DEPOSITARY AND COLLECTING BANKS [Table of Contents] 項目的收款: 存款行和收款行

　　§ 4-201. STATUS OF COLLECTING BANK AS AGENT AND PROVISIONAL STATUS OF CREDITS; APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; ITEM INDORSED "PAY ANY BANK".

　　收款行作為代理人的身份以及臨時性的信用身份; 本篇的適用性; 銀行付款背書的項目.

　　(a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before the time that a settlement given by a collecting bank for an item is or becomes final, the bank, with respect to the item, is an agent or sub-agent of the owner of the item and any settlement given for the item is provisional. This provision applies regardless of the form of indorsement or lack of indorsement and even though credit given for the item is subject to immediate withdrawal as of right or is in fact withdrawn; but the continuance of ownership of an item by its owner and any rights of the owner to proceeds of the item are subject to rights of a collecting bank, such as those resulting from outstanding advances on the item and rights of recoupment or setoff. If an item is handled by banks for purposes of presentment, payment , collection, or return, the relevant provisions of this Article apply even though action of the parties clearly establishes that a particular bank has purchased the item and is the owner of it.

　　(a) 除非一個相反的意圖清楚地表明，并且在收款行對 于一個項目的結(jié)算已終止或?qū)⒔K止之前，關(guān)于該項目，該銀行是該項目的所有人的代理人或次代理人，并且，對該項目的任何結(jié)算都是臨時性的。本規(guī)定適用，而不 管背書的形式或沒有背書，并且即使給予該項目的信用受權(quán)利的直接撤回或事實上的撤回影響;但一個項目的所有人對其所有權(quán)的保持以及所有人對該項目的收益的 任何權(quán)利受收款行的權(quán)利的影響，例如由于在該項目上的顯著的預(yù)付款產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利，賠償權(quán)和抵消權(quán)。如果一個項目由銀行基于提示、付款、收款、或退回的目的而 持有，本篇的相關(guān)規(guī)定適用，即使當事人的訴訟清楚地證明一個特定的銀行已經(jīng)購買該項目并且是其所有權(quán)人。

　　(b) After an item has been indorsed with the words "pay any bank" or the like, only a bank may acquire the rights of a holder until the item has been:

　　(1) returned to the customer initiating collection; or

　　(2) specially indorsed by a bank to a person who is not a bank.

　　(b) 在一個項目已經(jīng)被背書用銀行付款或類似的詞語之后，僅僅一個銀行可以主張持票人的權(quán)利直到該項目已經(jīng)被：

　　(1) 退回給指示收款的消費者;或

　　(2) 由一個銀行特別背書給一個不是銀行的人。

　　§ 4-202. RESPONSIBILITY FOR COLLECTION OR RETURN; WHEN ACTION TIMELY. 收款或推開責任; 及時訴訟的時間.

　　(a) A collecting bank must exercise ordinary care in:

　　(1) presenting an item or sending it for presentment;

　　(2) sending notice of dishonor or nonpayment or returning an item other than a documentary draft to the bank's transferor after learning that the item has not been paid or accepted, as the case may be;

　　(3) settling for an item when the bank receives final settlement; and

　　(4) notifying its transferor of any loss or delay in transit within a reasonable time after discovery thereof.

　　(b) A collecting bank exercises ordinary care under subsection (a) by taking proper action before its midnight deadline following receipt of an item, notice, or settlement. Taking proper action within a reasonably longer time may constitute the exercise of ordinary care, but the bank has the burden of establishing timeliness.

　　(c) Subject to subsection (a)(1), a bank is not liable for the insolvency, neglect, misconduct, mistake, or default of another bank or person or for loss or destruction of an item in the possession of others or in transit .

　　(a) 收款行必須行使通常的注意義務(wù)在下列情形：

　　(1) 提示一個項目或送達該項目以提示;

　　(2) 在可能的情形，在知道該項目尚未被付款或承兌之后，發(fā)送拒兌、不付款、退回除押匯匯票之外的項目的通知給該銀行的讓與人;

　　(3) 當該銀行收到最后的結(jié)算時，結(jié)算一個項目;及

　　(4) 在發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，在合理的時間內(nèi)，通知其讓與人任何損失或運輸遲延。

　　(b) 收款行行使在 (a)款下的通常的注意義務(wù)，在收到一個項目、通知或結(jié)算單后的午夜期限之前，通過提起合適的訴訟。在一個適當更長的期間提起合適的訴訟，可以構(gòu)成行使通常的注意義務(wù)，但銀行負擔證明該時間的舉證責任。

　　(c) 受(a)(1)影響，銀行不應(yīng)對其他銀行或其他人的破產(chǎn)、疏忽、不當行為、過失或違約負責任，以及其他人占有或運輸途中的項目的損失或毀壞。

　　§ 4-203. EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONS. 指示的效力.

　　Subject to Article 3 concerning conversion of instruments (Section 3-420) and restrictive indorsements (Section 3-206), only a collecting bank's transferor can give instructions that affect the bank or constitute notice to it, and a collecting bank is not liable to prior parties for any action taken pursuant to the instructions or in accordance with any agreement with its transferor.

　　受第3篇關(guān)于票據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換(§ 3-420) 及限制性背書(§ 3-206)的規(guī)定的影響，僅僅收款行的讓與人可以給予影響該銀行的指示或向其頒布通知，并且，收款行不對在前的當事人依照該指示或依照與其讓與人的任何協(xié)議提起的任何訴訟負責任。

　　§ 4-204. METHODS OF SENDING AND PRESENTING; SENDING DIRECTLY TO PAYOR BANK. 發(fā)送、提示方法; 直接發(fā)送付款行.

　　(a) A collecting bank shall send items by a reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration relevant instructions, the nature of the item, the number of those items on hand, the cost of collection involved, and the method generally used by it or others to present those items.

　　(b) A collecting bank may send:

　　(1) an item directly to the payor bank;

　　(2) an item to a nonbank payor if authorized by its transferor; and

　　(3) an item other than documentary drafts to a nonbank payor, if authorized by Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, clearing-house rule, or the like.

　　(c) Presentment may be made by a presenting bank at a place where the payor bank or other payor has requested that presentment be made.

　　(a) 收款行應(yīng)當送達項目通過一個合理快捷的方式，考慮到有關(guān)的指示、該項目的性質(zhì)、現(xiàn)有項目的數(shù)量、有關(guān)的收款成本，以及通常用作提示那些項目的方式或者其他方式。

　　(b) 收款行可以發(fā)送：

　　(1) 項目直接給付款行;

　　(2) 項目給一個非銀行付款人如果經(jīng)其讓與人授權(quán);及

　　(3) 除押匯匯票之外的項目給非銀行付款人，如果經(jīng)聯(lián)邦儲備規(guī)則或操作規(guī)程、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、或類似規(guī)定授權(quán)。

　　(c) 提示行可以作出提示在付款行或其他付款人已經(jīng)要求該提示被作出的地點。

　　§ 4-205. DEPOSITARY BANK HOLDER OF UNINDORSED ITEM.

　　未背書項目的存款銀行持有人.

　　If a customer delivers an item to a depositary bank for collection:

　　(1) the depositary bank becomes a holder of the item at the time it receives the item for collection if the customer at the time of delivery was a holder of the item, whether or not the customer indorses the item, and, if the bank satisfies the other requirements of Section 3-302, it is a holder in due course; and

　　(2) the depositary bank warrants to collecting banks, the payor bank or other payor, and the drawer that the amount of the item was paid to the customer or deposited to the customer's account.

　　若消費者交付一個項目給存款銀行為收款：

　　(1) 該存款銀行成為該項目的持有人在其為收款而收到該項目時，若該消費者在交付時是該項目的持有人，無論該消費者是否在該項目上背書，以及，如果該銀行滿足§ 3-302規(guī)定的其他要求，其是適當持有人;及

　　(2) 存款銀行向收款行、付款行或其他付款人、以及開票人保證該項目的金額被付給消費者或存放到該消費者的帳戶上。

　　§ 4-206. TRANSFER BETWEEN BANKS. 銀行間轉(zhuǎn)讓.

　　Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item's further transfer to another bank.

　　任何約定的、確定讓與人銀行的方式是充分的對于該項目的進一步轉(zhuǎn)讓給其他銀行。

　　§ 4-207. TRANSFER WARRANTIES. 轉(zhuǎn)讓擔保.

　　(a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consideration warrants to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that:

　　(1) the warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the item;

　　(2) all signatures on the item are authentic and authorized;

　　(3) the item has not been altered;

　　(4) the item is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment (Section 3-305(a)) of any party that can be asserted against the warrantor; and

　　(5) the warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the drawer; and

　　(a) 轉(zhuǎn)讓一個項目及收到一個結(jié)算或其他對價的消費者、收款行對受讓人、任何轉(zhuǎn)收款行保證：

　　(1) 擔保人是有權(quán)執(zhí)行該項目的人;

　　(2) 該項目上的所有簽名是可信的并經(jīng)授權(quán)的;

　　(3) 該項目沒有被涂改;

　　(4) 該項目不受可以向該擔保人主張的任何當事人的抗辯或索賠權(quán)(§ 3-305(a))的影響;及

　　(5) 該擔保人不知道對制作人或承兌人、或者，在未承兌的匯票的情形的開票人提起的任何破產(chǎn)程序;及

　　(6) with respect to any remotely-created consumer item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn.

　　(b) If an item is dishonored, a customer or collecting bank transferring the item and receiving settlement or other consideration is obliged to pay the amount due on the item (i) according to the terms of the item at the time it was transferred, or (ii) if the transfer was of an incomplete item, according to its terms when completed as stated in Sections 3-115 and 3-407. The obligation of a transferor is owed to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that takes the item in good faith. A transferor cannot disclaim its obligation under this subsection by an indorsement stating that it is made "without recourse" or otherwise disclaiming liability.

　　(c) A person to whom the warranties under subsection (a) are made and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount of the item plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.

　　(d) The warranties stated in subsection (a) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.

　　(e) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.

　　(6) 關(guān)于任何遠程消費者項目，在其帳戶上提取項目的人授權(quán)該項目在該項目被提取的金額的發(fā)行。

　　(b) 若一個項目被拒付，讓與該項目或收到結(jié)算或其他對價的消費者或收款行必須支付在該項目上應(yīng)付的金額 (i)依照該項目的條款在其被轉(zhuǎn)讓時，或(ii) 若該轉(zhuǎn)讓是一個不完整的項目，當依照 § 3-115 及 3-407規(guī)定補充完整時依照其條款。讓與人的債務(wù)應(yīng)向受讓人及善意取得該項目的任何次收款行履行。在本條下，讓與人不得通過規(guī)定背書無追索權(quán)或其他拒絕義務(wù)的方式拒絕其義務(wù)。

　　(c) 依照(a)款向其作出擔保并且善意取得該項目的人可以向該擔保人追回違反擔保的等于由于該違約行為導(dǎo)致的損失的金額的損害賠償金，但不超過該項目的金額加上由于該違約行為導(dǎo)致的費用和利息損失。 (d) (a)款規(guī)定的擔保人不得被拒絕關(guān)于支票。除非在該權(quán)利人有理由知道該違約行為和該擔保人的身份之后30日內(nèi)，對違反擔保的索賠通知給予該擔保人，該擔保人在遲延通知所導(dǎo)致的損失范圍內(nèi)免責。

　　(e) 在本條下違反擔保之訴的原因發(fā)生當權(quán)利人有理由知道該違反時。

　　§ 4-208. PRESENTMENT WARRANTIES. 提示擔保

　　(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft, at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee that pays or accepts the draft in good faith that:

　　(1) the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the draft, a person entitled to enforce the draft or authorized to obtain payment or acceptance of the draft on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the draft;

　　(2) the draft has not been altered; and

　　(3) the warrantor has no knowledge that the signature of the purported drawer of the draft is unauthorized; and

　　(4) with respect to any remotely-created consumer item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn.

　　(a) 如果一張未承兌的匯票被提交給付款人為付款或承兌，并且該付款人支付或承兌該匯票，(i)獲得付款或承兌的人，在提示時，及(ii)該匯票的以前的轉(zhuǎn)讓人，在轉(zhuǎn)讓時，向付款人擔保善意地付款或承兌該匯票：

　　(1) 該擔保人現(xiàn)在是，或過去是，在該擔保人讓與該匯票時，有權(quán)執(zhí)行該匯票的人，或為有權(quán)執(zhí)行該匯票的人的利益，授權(quán)獲得付款或匯票的承兌的人;

　　(2) 該匯票未被涂改;及

　　(3) 該擔保人不知道聲稱的匯票提款人的簽名未被授權(quán);及

　　(4) 關(guān)于任何遠程消費者項目，在其帳戶上提取項目的人授權(quán)該項目在該項目被提取的金額的發(fā)行。

　　(b) A drawee making payment may recover from a warrantor damages for breach of warranty equal to the amount paid by the drawee less the amount the drawee received or is entitled to receive from the drawer because of the payment. In addition, the drawee is entitled to compensation for expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach. The right of the drawee to recover damages under this subsection is not affected by any failure of the drawee to exercise ordinary care in making payment. If the drawee accepts the draft (i) breach of warranty is a defense to the obligation of the acceptor, and (ii) if the acceptor makes payment with respect to the draft, the acceptor is entitled to recover from a warrantor for breach of warranty the amounts stated in this subsection.

　　(b) 作出付款的付款人可 以向擔保人追回違反擔保的損害賠償金的金額等于該付款人支付的金額減去付款人收到或由于該付款而有權(quán)向提款人收取的金額。此外，付款人有權(quán)主張費用的賠償 和由于該違約行為導(dǎo)致的利息損失。付款人在本條下的追回損害賠償金的權(quán)利不受付款人在付款時未盡通常的注意義務(wù)的影響。如果付款人接受該匯票 (i) 擔保之違反是對承兌人的義務(wù)的抗辯，及 (ii)若承兌人對該匯票作出付款，承兌人有權(quán)因擔保之違反而向擔保人追回本款規(guī)定的金額。

　　(c) If a drawee asserts a claim for breach of warranty under subsection (a) based on an unauthorized indorsement of the draft or an alteration of the draft, the warrantor may defend by proving that the indorsement is effective under Section 3-404 or 3-405 or the drawer is precluded under Section 3-406 or 4-406 from asserting against the drawee the unauthorized indorsement or alteration.

　　(d) If (i) a dishonored draft is presented for payment to the drawer or an indorser or (ii) any other item is presented for payment to a party obliged to pay the item, and the item is paid, the person obtaining payment and a prior transferor of the item warrant to the person making payment in good faith that the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor transferred the item, a person entitled to enforce the item or authorized to obtain payment on behalf of a person entitled to enforce the item. The person making payment may recover from any warrantor for breach of warranty an amount equal to the amount paid plus expenses and loss of interest resulting from the breach.

　　(c) 若基于匯票未授權(quán)的背書或匯票的涂改，在(a)款下，付款人主張一項因擔保之違反的權(quán)利，該擔保人可以抗辯通過證明該背書在§ 3-404或3-405下是有效的，或根據(jù)§ 3-406或4-406規(guī)定開票人被排除向付款人主張權(quán)利未授權(quán)的背書或匯票。

　　(d) 若 (i) 一張拒付的匯票被提示付款對開票人或背書人，或(ii) 任何其他項目被 提示付款對必須對該項目付款的當事人，并且該項目被付款，獲得付款的人及在前的項目讓與人對善意作出付款的人擔保該擔保人現(xiàn)在是，或過去是，在該擔保人讓 與該項目時有權(quán)執(zhí)行該項目的人、或為有權(quán)執(zhí)行該項目的人的利益，授權(quán)獲得付款的人。作出付款的人可以向任何擔保人追回的由于違反擔保的損害賠償金額等于已 付金額加上由于該違約行為導(dǎo)致的費用和利息損失。

　　(e) The warranties stated in subsections (a) and (d) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.

　　(f) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.

　　(e) (a) 、(d)款規(guī)定的擔保不得被拒絕關(guān)于支票。除非在該權(quán)利人有理由知道該違約行為和該擔保人的身份之后30日內(nèi)，對違反擔保的索賠通知給予該擔保人，該擔保人在遲延通知所導(dǎo)致的任何損失范圍內(nèi)免責。

　　(f) 在本條下違反擔保之訴的原因發(fā)生當權(quán)利人有理由知道該違反時。

　　§ 4-209. ENCODING AND RETENTION WARRANTIES. 編碼和保持擔保.

　　(a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.

　　(b) A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.

　　(c) A person to whom warranties are made under this section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.

　　(a) 有關(guān)一個項目，在其發(fā)行之后，對其相關(guān)信息進行編碼的人，對任何在后的收款行及付款行或其他付款人擔保該信息被正確編碼。如果存款銀行的消費者編碼，該銀行也作出擔保。

　　(b) 依照電子提示協(xié)議承擔保留一個項目義務(wù)的人，對任何在后的收款行及付款行或其他付款人擔保，項目的保留和提示符合該協(xié)議。如果存款銀行的消費者編碼，該銀行也作出擔保。

　　(c) 擔保根據(jù)本條向其作出并善意取得該項目的人可以向該擔保人追回的由于違反擔保的損害賠償金額等于違約行為導(dǎo)致的損失，加上由于違約引起的費用和利息損失。

　　§ 4-210. SECURITY INTEREST OF COLLECTING BANK IN ITEMS, ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS AND PROCEEDS.

　　收款行在項目、附屬單證上的擔保權(quán)益和收益.

　　(a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either:

　　(1) in case of an item deposited in an account, to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied;

　　(2) in case of an item for which it has given credit available for withdrawal as of right, to the extent of the credit given, whether or not the credit is drawn upon or there is a right of charge-back; or

　　(3) if it makes an advance on or against the item.

　　(a) 收款行在一個項目上及任何附屬單證或其收益上享有一項擔保權(quán)益：

　　(1) 在儲存在一個帳戶中的項目的情形，在對于該項目給予的信用已經(jīng)被撤回或應(yīng)用的范圍內(nèi);

　　(2) 假設(shè)一個項目其已給予權(quán)利的撤回可獲得的信用，在給予的信用范圍內(nèi)，無論該信用是否被利用，是否有退款權(quán);或,

　　(3) 若其在該項目上或?qū)υ擁椖孔鞒鲱A(yù)付款。

　　(b) If credit given for several items received at one time or pursuant to a single agreement is withdrawn or applied in part, the security interest remains upon all the items, any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either. For the purpose of this section, credits first given are first withdrawn.

　　(c) Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents, and proceeds. So long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item or give up possession of the item or possession or control of the accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues to that extent and is subject to Article 9, but:

　　(1) no security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable ( Section 9-203(b)(3)(A));

　　(2) no filing is required to perfect the security interest; and

　　(3) the security interest has priority over conflicting perfected security interests in the item, accompanying documents, or proceeds.

　　(b) 若曾經(jīng)收到的、或依照一份單一協(xié)議給予幾個項目的信用被撤回或部分適用，該擔保權(quán)益保留在所有項目、任何附屬單證或其收益上?；诒緱l的目的，先給予的信用先撤回。

　　(c) 收款行對一個項目的最后結(jié)算的收取是對其在該項目上、附屬單證、以及收益的擔保權(quán)益的實現(xiàn)。 只要該銀行不收取該項目的最后結(jié)算或放棄對該項目的占有或?qū)Ω綄賳巫C的占有或控制為除收款之外的目的，該擔保權(quán)益繼續(xù)于受第9篇影響的范圍內(nèi)存在，但：

　　(1) 使擔保權(quán)益( §9-203(b)(3)(a))可強制執(zhí)行不需要擔保協(xié)議;

　　(2) 完善擔保權(quán)益無須檔案;及

　　(3) 擔保權(quán)益優(yōu)先于沖突的在該項目上的完善的擔保權(quán)益、附屬單證、或收益。

　　§ 4-211. WHEN BANK GIVES VALUE FOR PURPOSES OF HOLDER IN DUE COURSE. 當銀行給予對價為正當持有人的目的.

　　For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent it has a security interest in an item, if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of Section 3-302 on what constitutes a holder in due course.

　　基于決定其作為正當持票人的身份的目的，一個銀行已經(jīng)在其在一個項目上享有擔保權(quán)益的范圍內(nèi)給予對價，如果該銀行依照§ 3-302關(guān)于構(gòu)成正當占有人的規(guī)定行事。

　　§ 4-212. PRESENTMENT BY NOTICE OF ITEM NOT PAYABLE BY, THROUGH, OR AT BANK; LIABILITY OF DRAWER OR INDORSER.

　　非銀行付款的項目的通知的提示; 開票人或背書人的責任.

　　(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a record providing notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under Section 3-501 by the close of the bank's next banking day after it knows of the requirement.

　　(b) If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance, or request for compliance with a requirement under Section 3-501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or, in the case of demand items, by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any drawer or indorser by sending it notice of the facts.

　　(a) 除非另有指示，收款行可以提示一個不是銀行付款的項目，通過送給當事人承兌或付款，若有該銀行持有該項目為承兌或付款的通知。該通知必須被及時送達，以在應(yīng)當提示之日或提示之前收到，并且，該銀行必須符合當事人根據(jù)§ 3-501規(guī)定承兌或付款的任何規(guī)定，在其知道該規(guī)定之后，到該銀行的下一個營業(yè)日結(jié)束之時。

　　(b) 如果提示被作出通過通知和付款、承兌，或符合§ 3-501的規(guī)定的要求不被收到，到在通知被送達之后的第三個銀行營業(yè)日的業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)束之時，提示行必須對待該項目作為拒兌，并通過送達其事實通知，控訴任何開票人或背書人。

　　§ 4-213. MEDIUM AND TIME OF SETTLEMENT BY BANK. 通過銀行結(jié)算的媒介和時間.

　　(a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:

　　(1) the medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and

　　(2) the time of settlement, is:

　　(i) with respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check, or teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;

　　(ii) with respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve Bank, when the credit is made;

　　(iii) with respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or

　　(iv) with respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to Section 4A-406(a) to the person receiving settlement.

　　(a) 關(guān)于通過銀行結(jié)算，結(jié)算的媒介和時間可以按照聯(lián)邦儲備規(guī)則及其操作細則、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、以及類似規(guī)定、或按照協(xié)議規(guī)定。在沒有上述規(guī)定的情形：

　　(1) 結(jié)算的媒介是現(xiàn)金或此人指定收取結(jié)算的聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的一個帳戶的存款;及

　　(2) 結(jié)算的時間，是：

　　(i) 通過先進、銀行支票、或teller"s check結(jié)算的，為該現(xiàn)金或支票被送達或交付時;

　　(ii) 通過聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的一個帳戶的存款結(jié)算的，為該存款作出時;

　　(iii) 通過對在一個銀行的帳戶進行存取結(jié)算的，為該存入或取出被作出時，或者在通過授權(quán)去主張一個帳戶以結(jié)算的情形，為該授權(quán)被送達或交付時;或

　　(iv) 通過資金轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)算的，為該付款依照§ 4a-406(a) 規(guī)定支付給接收結(jié)算的人時。

　　(b) If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a), no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.

　　(c) If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:

　　(1) presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or

　　(2) fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.

　　(d) If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.

　　(b) 如果結(jié)算的支付不是通過 (a)款授權(quán)的媒介，或結(jié)算的時間不被確定由 (a)款，沒有結(jié)算發(fā)生知道結(jié)算的提供被收取結(jié)算的人接受。

　　(c) 如果一個項目的結(jié)算被作出通過銀行支票或teller"s check，并且收到結(jié)算的人，在其午夜界限以前： (1) 提示或轉(zhuǎn)寄該支票為收款，結(jié)算于該支票被最終付款時終止;或

　　(2) 不能提示或轉(zhuǎn)寄該支票為收款，結(jié)算于接收結(jié)算的人的午夜界限終止。

　　(d) 若對一個項目的結(jié)算是通過給予授權(quán)追回給予結(jié)算的銀行在收取結(jié)算的銀行的帳戶的金額作出，結(jié)算于收取結(jié)算的銀行作出追回時終止，若對于該項目的金額在該帳戶中有資金可獲得。

　　§ 4-214. RIGHT OF CHARGE-BACK OR REFUND; LIABILITY OF COLLECTING BANK; RETURN OF ITEM.

　　退款權(quán)或償還權(quán);收款行責任;項目的償還.

　　(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer's account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final .

　　(a) 若收款行對 一個項目已經(jīng)與其消費者作出臨時結(jié)算，并且，由于拒付、一個銀行的中止付款，或由于其他原因未能收到對該項目的成為或?qū)⒊蔀樽罱K的結(jié)算，該銀行可以撤回其 給予的結(jié)算，追回其對于該項目而給予其消費者的帳戶的任何存款金額，或從其消費者獲得資金償還，無論其是否能夠退回該項目，如果到其午夜交接點，或，在其 知道該事實后，其退回該項目或送達該事實的通知的一個更長的合理的時間內(nèi)。若該退回或通知被推遲超過該銀行的午夜期限或在其知道該事實后的一個更長的合理 的時間，該銀行可以撤回結(jié)算，追回存款金額，或從其消費者獲得資金償還，但其應(yīng)對該遲延導(dǎo)致的任何損失負責。這些撤回權(quán)、追回權(quán)、獲得償還權(quán)終止，當且僅 當該銀行收到對該項目的結(jié)算成為或?qū)⒊蔀榻K止時。.

　　(b) A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.

　　(c) A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer's account or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (Section 4-301).

　　(d) The right to charge back is not affected by:

　　(1) previous use of a credit given for the item; or

　　(2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable.

　　(e) A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.

　　(f) If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge-back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course.

　　(b) 收款行退回一個項目，當該項目送達或交付給該銀行的消費者或讓與人或依照其指示時。

　　(c) 兼為付款人的存款銀行 可以追回一個項目的金額對其消費者的帳戶，或依照調(diào)整付款行在其冊薄(§ 4-301)上的存款收取的一個項目的退回的條款獲得償還。(d) 追回權(quán)不受下列影響：

　　(1) 以前對于該項目給予的信用的使用;或

　　(2) 關(guān)于該項目任何銀行未盡通常的注意義務(wù)，但該銀行應(yīng)負責任。

　　(e) 未追回或主張退還不影響該銀行對消費者或任何其他當事人的其他權(quán)利。

　　(f) 如果以美元給予銀行存款以作為應(yīng)以外幣支付的一個項目的價值的等價物，任何追回或退回的美元金額必須以銀行提供的、有權(quán)主張追回或退回的人知道在通常的過程中不將收到付款之日的外幣匯率為基礎(chǔ)計算。

　　§ 4-215. FINAL PAYMENT OF ITEM BY PAYOR BANK; WHEN PROVISIONAL DEBITS AND CREDITS BECOME FINAL; WHEN CERTAIN CREDITS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR WITHDRAWAL.

　　付款行對項目的最后付款; 何時臨時借方及貸方成為最終; 合適一定的貸方對于撤回可獲得.

　　(a) An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following:

　　(1) paid the item in cash;

　　(2) settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement; or

　　(3) made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement.

　　(b) If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.

　　(c) If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through a clearing house or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting and payor banks or between the presenting and s統(tǒng)一商法典essive prior collecting banks seriatim, they become final upon final payment of the items by the payor bank.

　　(d) If a collecting bank receives a settlement for an item which is or becomes final, the bank is accountable to its customer for the amount of the item and any provisional credit given for the item in an account with its customer becomes final.

　　(a) 付款行最終對一個項目付款當該銀行已經(jīng)第一次做任何下列事項時：

　　(1) 現(xiàn)金支付該項目;

　　(2) 依照法令、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、或協(xié)議不具有撤回結(jié)算權(quán)，對該項目結(jié)算;或

　　(3) 對該項目作出臨時性結(jié)算并且，不能及時地以法令、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、或協(xié)議允許的方式撤回該結(jié)算。 (b) 如果對該項目的臨時結(jié)算不成為最終，該項目最終不被付款。

　　(c) 若對一個項目在提示和付款行之間的臨時結(jié)算被作出通過票據(jù)交換所或通過在其之間的帳戶的借方或貸方作出，那么在對該項目的臨時借方或貸方逐一登錄在提示和付款行之間的帳戶或在提示和繼受在先收款行之間的帳戶范圍內(nèi)，付款行對該項目的最終付款上其成為最終。

　　(d) 若收款行收到對一個項目的結(jié)算，該項目成為或?qū)⒊蔀樽罱K的，該銀行就該項目的金額對其消費者應(yīng)負責任，并且，與其消費者的一個帳戶內(nèi)給予該項目的任何臨時貸方成為最終。

　　(e) Subject to (i) applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and (ii) any right of the bank to apply the credit to an obligation of the customer, credit given by a bank for an item in a customer's account becomes available for withdrawal as of right:

　　(1) if the bank has received a provisional settlement for the item, when the settlement becomes final and the bank has had a reasonable time to receive return of the item and the item has not been received within that time;

　　(2) if the bank is both the depositary bank and the payor bank, and the item is finally paid, at the opening of the bank's second banking day following receipt of the item.

　　(f) Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of a bank to apply a deposit to an obligation of the depositor, a deposit of money becomes available for withdrawal as of right at the opening of the bank's next banking day after receipt of the deposit.

　　(e) 受下述影響 (i) 規(guī)定資金的可獲得性的時間的可適用的法律，及 (ii) 該銀行適用該信用到消費者的義務(wù)上的任何權(quán)利，銀行因項目給予消費者帳戶里的存款成為可獲得的由于撤回權(quán)：

　　(1) 若該銀行已經(jīng)收到對該項目的臨時結(jié)算，當該結(jié)算成為最終并且該銀行已經(jīng)有合理的時間去收到該項目的退還并且該項目沒有在該時間內(nèi)被退還時;

　　(2) 若該銀行既是存款銀行也是付款行，并且該項目最終被支付，在收到該項目之日起的該銀行的第二個銀行營業(yè)日開張時。

　　(f) 受規(guī)定資金的可獲得性的時間的可適用的法律影響，以及銀行申請一項押金對存款人的義務(wù)，金錢存款成為可獲得對于權(quán)利的撤回，在收到該項目之日起的該銀行的第二個銀行營業(yè)日開張時。

　　§ 4-216. INSOLVENCY AND PREFERENCE. 破產(chǎn)和優(yōu)先權(quán).

　　(a) If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee, or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank's customer.

　　(b) If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the payor bank.

　　(c) If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement's becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events .

　　(d) If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item, which settlement is or becomes final and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank.

　　(a) 若項目由宣告破產(chǎn)(suspends payment)的付款人或收款行的占有，并且該項目最終已經(jīng)被支付，接受者、保管人、或?qū)Ρ魂P(guān)閉的銀行負全責的代理人必須退還該項目給提示行或被關(guān)閉的銀行的消費者。 (b) 若付款行最終支付一個項目并且沒有與其消費者或結(jié)算終止的提示行對該項目作出結(jié)算即宣告破產(chǎn)，該項目的所有人對該付款行享有優(yōu)先的權(quán)利。

　　(c) 若對于一個項目，付款行給予或收款行給予或收到臨時付款，并且氣候宣告破產(chǎn)，該宣告不阻止或妨礙該結(jié)算成為最終如果該終結(jié)在一定的時間或一定的事件發(fā)生時自動發(fā)生。

　　(d) 若收款行自后手當事人處收到對一個項目的結(jié)算，該結(jié)算成為或?qū)⒊蔀樽罱K的，并且該銀行在沒有與其消費者作出對該項目的結(jié)算時宣告破產(chǎn)，該項目的所有人對該收款行享有優(yōu)先的權(quán)利。

　　PART 3. COLLECTION OF ITEMS: PAYOR BANKS. [Table of Contents]項目的收款: 付款行.

　　§ 4-301. DEFERRED POSTING; RECOVERY OF PAYMENT BY RETURN OF ITEMS; TIME OF DISHONOR; RETURN OF ITEMS BY PAYOR BANK.

　　延期過賬;因項目退回的付款恢復(fù); 拒付時間;付款行退回項目.

　　(a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it

　　(1) returns the item;

　　(2) returns an image of the item, if the party to which the return is made has entered into an agreement to accept an image as a return of the item; and the image is returned in accordance with that agreement;

　　(a) 除被提示的押匯匯票以外，但在接受的銀行營業(yè)日的午夜之前在柜臺上立即付款的除外，若付款行對一個項目結(jié)算，付款行可以撤回該結(jié)算及恢復(fù)該結(jié)算，若在其已經(jīng)作出最終付款以前并且在其午夜界限以前，其

　　(1) 退回該項目;

　　(2) 退回該項目的影像(image)，如果該退回對其作出的當事人已經(jīng)訂立協(xié)議接受作為該項目的退回的影像;并且該影像依照該協(xié)議退回;

　　(3) sends a record providing notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.

　　(b) If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection (a).

　　(c) Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section.

　　(d) An item is returned:

　　(1) as to an item presented through a clearing house, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearing house or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearing-house rules; or

　　(2) in all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to instructions.

　　(3) 發(fā)送一份規(guī)定拒兌通知或拒付通知的記錄若該姓名由于退回而不可獲得。

　　(b) 若付款行由于其冊薄上的存款收到一個要求項目，其可以退回該項目或發(fā)送拒付通知并且可以撤回任何給予的存款或恢復(fù)由其消費者撤回的其中的金額，若其在時間限制之內(nèi)并且以本條(a)款規(guī)定的方式行為。

　　(c) 除非以前的拒付通知已經(jīng)被發(fā)送，一個項目被拒付當為拒付的目的其被退回或依照本條發(fā)送通知時。

　　(d) 一個項目被退回：

　　(1) 關(guān)于通過票據(jù)交換所提示的項目，當其被交付給提示行或上手收款行或給票據(jù)交換所或被送達或交付根據(jù)票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則;或

　　(2) 在所有其他情形，當它被送達或交付給該銀行的消費者或讓與人或依照指示。

　　§ 4-302. PAYOR BANK'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR LATE RETURN OF ITEM.

　　付款行遲延退回項目的責任.

　　(a) If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount of:

　　(1) a demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case in which it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or

　　(2) any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.

　　(b) The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection (a) is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (Section 4-208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank.

　　(a) 若項目被提示給并由付款行收到，該銀行應(yīng)為下述的金額負責：

　　(1) 一個要求項目，除押匯匯票外，無論是否適當可付，若該銀行，在不兼為存款銀行的任何情形，保持該項目超過收到之銀行營業(yè)日的午夜而不符合之，或，無論是否兼為存款銀行，不支付或退回該項目或發(fā)送拒付通知直到在其午夜界限之后;或

　　(2) 任何其他適當可付的項目，除非在允許對該項目承兌或付款的時間之內(nèi)，該銀行或者承兌或支付該項目或退回該項目及其附屬單證。

　　(b) 付款行依照(a)支付一個項目的責任受基于下述理由的抗辯之影響：提示擔保 (§ 4-208)之違反，或?qū)で髨?zhí)行該責任的人基于欺詐付款行的目的提示或轉(zhuǎn)讓該項目的證據(jù)。

　　§ 4-303. WHEN ITEMS SUBJECT TO NOTICE, STOP-PAYMENT ORDER, LEGAL PROCESS, OR SETOFF; ORDER IN WHICH ITEMS MAY BE CHARGED OR CERTIFIED.

　　何時項目受通知, 止付指令, 法定程序、或抵消的影響; 在其里面項目可以被主張支付或確定的指令.

　　(a) Any knowledge, notice, or stop-payment order received by, legal process served upon, or setoff exercised by a payor bank comes too late to terminate, suspend, or modify the bank's right or duty to pay an item or to charge its customer's account for the item if the knowledge, notice, stop-payment order, or legal process is received or served and a reasonable time for the bank to act thereon expires or the setoff is exercised after the earliest of the following:

　　(1) the bank accepts or certifies the item;

　　(2) the bank pays the item in cash;

　　(3) the bank settles for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing-house rule, or agreement;

　　(a) 付 款行收到的、法定程序提供的、或者付款行行使的任何抵消消息、通知、或止付指令，太遲延以至不能終止、中止或變更該銀行的權(quán)利或支付一個項目的義務(wù)或者對 該項目要求支付其消費者的帳戶，若該消息、通知、或止付指令、或法定處理被收到或提供并且對于該銀行行為的合理的時間終止或該抵消被行使在下列各項最早期 之后：

　　(1) 該銀行承兌或保證該項目;

　　(2) 該銀行現(xiàn)金支付該項目;

　　(3) 依照法令、票據(jù)交換所規(guī)則、或協(xié)議，該銀行無權(quán)撤回結(jié)算，而該銀行對該項目作出結(jié)算;

　　(4) the bank becomes accountable for the amount of the item under Section 4-302 dealing with the payor bank's responsibility for late return of items; or

　　(5) with respect to checks, a cutoff hour no earlier than one hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check and no later than the close of that next banking day or, if no cutoff hour is fixed, the close of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check.

　　(b) Subject to subsection (a), items may be accepted, paid, certified, or charged to the indicated account of its customer in any order.

　　(4) 依照涉及付款行遲延退回項目的責任的§ 4-302，該銀行應(yīng)對該項目的金額承擔責任;或

　　(5) 關(guān)于支票，不早于在該銀行收到該支票之銀行營業(yè)日之后的下一個銀行營業(yè)日開張之后一個小時，并且不遲于下一個銀行營業(yè)日結(jié)束時的截止時間，或者，如果沒有確定的截止時間，該銀行收到該支票之銀行營業(yè)日之后的下一個銀行營業(yè)日結(jié)束時。

　　(b) 受(a)款影響，項目可以被接受、支付、保證或以任何指令向其消費者的規(guī)定帳戶收取。

　　part 4.付款行與其消費者之間的關(guān)系

　　PART 4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAYOR BANK AND ITS CUSTOMER [Table of Contents]

　　§ 4-401. WHEN BANK MAY CHARGE CUSTOMER'S ACCOUNT.

　　何時銀行可以要求消費者帳戶支付.

　　(a) A bank may charge against the account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and bank.

　　(b) A customer is not liable for the amount of an overdraft if the customer neither signed the item nor benefited from the proceeds of the item.

　　(a) 銀行可以對消費者的帳戶要求支付應(yīng)從該帳戶適當支付的一個項目，即使該要求支付產(chǎn)生透支。一個項目為適當可付，若其由消費者授權(quán)，并且符合該消費者與銀行之間的任何協(xié)議。

　　(b) 消費者不對透支金額負責若該消費者既未簽署該項目也未從該項目的收益中獲益。

　　(c) A bank may charge against the account of a customer a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is effective for the period stated in Section 4-403(b) for stop-payment orders, and must be received at such time and in such manner as to afford the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank takes any action with respect to the check described in Section 4-303. If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date stated in the notice of postdating, the bank is liable for damages for the loss resulting from its act. The loss may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 4-402.

　　(d) A bank that in good faith makes payment to a holder may charge the indicated account of its customer according to:

　　(1) the original terms of the altered item; or

　　(2) the terms of the completed item, even though the bank knows the item has been completed unless the bank has notice that the completion was improper.

　　(c) 銀行可以對消費者的帳戶要求支付應(yīng)從該帳戶適當支付的一張支票，即使該付款在支票出票日作出，除非該消費者通知銀行以合理的確定性描述該支票的事后日期(postdating)。該通知在§ 4-403(b) 對止付指令規(guī)定的期間內(nèi)有效，并且必須以提供銀行合理的機會去行為的時間和方式、在該銀行對§ 4-303規(guī)定的支票采取任何訴訟之前收到。在事后日期通知中規(guī)定的日期之前，若銀行對消費者的帳戶要求支付一張支票，該銀行應(yīng)對由其行為導(dǎo)致的損害的賠償承擔責任。該損失可以包括§ 4-402規(guī)定的后來的項目之拒付的損害賠償金。

　　(d) 善意地對持票人作出付款的銀行可以對其消費者的指定的帳戶要求支付，依照：

　　(1) 被涂改的項目的原條款;或

　　(2) 被完善的項目的條款，即使該銀行知道該項目已經(jīng)被完善除非該銀行收到該完善不適當?shù)耐ㄖ?/span>

　　§ 4-402. BANK'S LIABILITY TO CUSTOMER FOR WRONGFUL DISHONOR; TIME OF DETERMINING INSUFFICIENCY OF ACCOUNT.

　　銀行由于不當拒付對消費者的責任; 確定帳戶不足的時間.

　　(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it dishonors an item that is properly payable, but a bank may dishonor an item that would create an overdraft unless it has agreed to pay the overdraft.

　　(b) A payor bank is liable to its customer for damages proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor of an item. Liability is limited to actual damages proved and may include damages for an arrest or prosecution of the customer or other consequential damages. Whether any consequential damages are proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor is a question of fact to be determined in each case.

　　(a) 除非在本篇中另有規(guī)定，若其拒付應(yīng)適當付款的一個項目，付款行不當拒付一個項目，但銀行可以拒付將引起透支的一個項目除非其已經(jīng)同意支付該透支。

　　(b) 付款行應(yīng)對消費者承擔由于一個項目錯誤拒付直接引起的損害賠償?shù)呢熑?。責任限于被證明的實際損害，并且可以包括對于逮捕或控訴該消費者的損害賠償或其他借鑒損害。任何間接損害是否由該錯誤拒付直接引起是每個案件中應(yīng)被確定的事實問題。

　　(c) A payor bank's determination of the customer's account balance on which a decision to dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is based may be made at any time between the time the item is received by the payor bank and the time that the payor bank returns the item or gives notice in lieu of return, and no more than one determination need be made. If, at the election of the payor bank, a subsequent balance determination is made for the purpose of reevaluating the bank's decision to dishonor the item, the account balance at that time is determinative of whether a dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is wrongful.

　　(c) 由于可獲得的資金不足而作出的拒付決定以該決定為基礎(chǔ)的，付款行的 消費者的帳戶平衡的決定，可以在付款行收到該項目的時間與付款行退回該項目或以通知代替退回的時間之間的任何時間作出，并且不超過一個決定需要作出。若， 取決于付款行的選擇，一個后來的平衡決定被作出基于重估該銀行拒付該項目的決定的目的，在該時的帳戶平衡決定由于可獲得的資金不足而作出的拒付是否不當。

　　§ 4-403. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT TO STOP PAYMENT; BURDEN OF PROOF OF LOSS.

　　消費者停止付款的權(quán)利; 損害證明責任.

　　(a) A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer's account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in Section 4-303. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.

　　(b) A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after 14 calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in a record within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a record given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.

　　(c) The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under Section 4-402.

　　(a) 消費者、或被授權(quán)在該帳戶上提款的任何人，若有不止一個人，可以停止任何項目的、在該消費者的帳戶上提取的付款，或者關(guān)閉該帳戶通過給該銀行的、合理確定描述該項目或帳戶的指令，該指令必須以提供該銀行合理的機會去行為的時間和方式、在該銀行對§ 4-303規(guī)定的支票采取任何訴訟之前收到。若在帳戶上提款要求不止一個人的簽名，這些人中的任何人可以停止付款或關(guān)閉該帳戶。(b) 止付指示有效期為6個月，但若原指令是口頭的，并且在該期間未確定于記錄中，則其在14日后失效。在該止付指示有效期間內(nèi)，給予該銀行的一個記錄可以使止付指示延長六個月有效期。

　　(c) 證明該事實，及證明一個項目的付款與止付指示或關(guān)閉一個帳戶的指示相反而導(dǎo)致的損失的金額的舉證責任由消費者負擔。與止付指令相反的一個項目的付款導(dǎo)致的損失可以包括對于在§ 4-402下的后來的項目的拒付的損害賠償金。

　　§ 4-404. BANK NOT OBLIGED TO PAY CHECK MORE THAN SIX MONTHS OLD.

　　銀行無義務(wù)支付超過6個月的支票.

　　A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified check, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's account for a payment made thereafter in good faith.

　　銀行不對具有一個支票帳戶的消費者承擔支付一張除保付支票外、在其出票日期后超過6個月才提示的支票的義務(wù)，但其可以對其消費者的帳戶就其其后善意作出的付款要求支付。

　　§ 4-405. DEATH OR INCOMPETENCE OF CUSTOMER. 消費者死亡或無行為能力.

　　(a) A payor or collecting bank's authority to accept, pay, or collect an item or to account for proceeds of its collection, if otherwise effective, is not rendered ineffective by incompetence of a customer of either bank existing at the time the item is issued or its collection is undertaken if the bank does not know of an adjudication of incompetence. Neither death nor incompetence of a customer revokes the authority to accept, pay, collect, or account until the bank knows of the fact of death or of an adjudication of incompetence and has reasonable opportunity to act on it.

　　(b) Even with knowledge, a bank may for 10 days after the date of death pay or certify checks drawn on or before that date unless ordered to stop payment by a person claiming an interest in the account.

　　(a) 付款人或收款行的接受、付款、支付、或收款一個項目或 去解決其收款的收益的授權(quán)，若另外有效，該項目被發(fā)行或其收款被承擔時存在的任一銀行的消費者的無行為能力不使得該授權(quán)無效，若該銀行不知道關(guān)于該不完整 的判決宣告。消費者的死亡、無行為能力均不使接受、付款、支付、或收款或決算的授權(quán)無效，直到該銀行知道該死亡的事實或知道禁治產(chǎn)宣告并且有合理的機會依 照其行為。

　　(b) 即使知道，銀行可以在死亡日期之后10日支付或保證支票付款，或在該日期之前，除非在該帳戶上主張一項權(quán)益的人指示其止付。