引言部分常用的詞匯，供不擅長撰寫英文論文的同學(xué)參考：

　　1. 簡述：

　　Research on __ has a long tradition

　　For decades, one of the most popular ideas in __ literature is the idea that __

　　Recent theoretical developments have revealed that __

　　A common strategy used to study __ is to __

　　This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from __

　　These approaches have been influential in the field because of __

　　In the past several decades, __ have played an important role in __

　　There are growing appeals for __

　　This is the field of study that deals with __

　　Most of the theories of __ are however focused on explaining __

　　There are three major theoretical and conceptual frameworks for __

　　The field has gradually broadened as __

　　This field of study is sometimes referred as __

　　This has been widely adopted in the field of __

　　This thesis considers the field of __ as the main subject of its study

　　One of the major topics to be investigated in this field is __

　　This is now a mature field which is now being spun out into commercial applications__

　　This field is maturing, with a wealth of well-understood methods and algorithms __

　　This field closely follows the paradigm of __

　　The field has met with great success in many problems __

　　The field only really took off in the late __ as it became more accessible to __

　　This is not particularly new and has been used for many years in the field of __

　　This field closely follows the paradigm of __

　　Widely considered to be a good way to __

　　This has been widely adopted in the field of __

　　This is more widely used at the time of __

　　This phenomenon has been widely observed

　　A common technique is to __

　　This is a technique common in __

　　There are several common kinds of __

　　2. 問題定義：

　　This seems to be a common problem in __

　　This leads to myriad problems in __

　　The main problem is that __

　　There is a further problem with __

　　One primary problem with __ is that __

　　The methods are not without their problems as will be discussed in __

　　The foremost problems are the facts that __

　　This makes up for the problem of __

　　This seems to be a common problem in __

　　This is a complex problem and to simplify it requires __

　　A challenging problem which arises in this domain is __

　　These problems are difficult to handle __

　　This is typically a complex problem __

　　A well-known problem with __ is that it does not take into account the __

　　One of the problems is that it considers only the __

　　The key problem with this technique is __

　　It is usually an ill-posed problem in the case of __

　　This problem is well-posed and does not require to impose __

　　This appears as a more straightforward problem compared to the __

　　This turns out to be even more problematic because __

　　The problem with such an implementation is that __

　　This poses some problems when carrying out the __

　　This problem has attracted more attention in the field of __

　　This is a basic chicken-and-egg problem because __

　　Unfortunately, this approach results in problems related to __

　　These constraints make the problem difficult to __

　　Most of the research in this field is aimed at solving this problem.

　　This remains an open problem in the area.

　　This problem has received substantial interest.

　　These examples highlight the problem that __

　　The main practical problem that confronts us is __

　　3. 指出不足：

　　There is no previous research using __ approach.

　　As far as we know, no previous research has investigated __

　　There has been less previous evidence for __

　　Other studies have failed to __

　　To our knowledge, no study has yielded __

　　No study to date has examined __

　　Only a few studies have shown __

　　However, __ has rarely been studied directly.

　　Moreover, few studies have focussed on __

　　In particular no study, to our knowledge, has considered __

　　4. 解決方案：

　　One way to overcome these problems is to __

　　There are many alternative methods are available for solving these problems.

　　In order to rectify the problem of __

　　A solution to this problem is proposed in __

　　One approach to solve this problem involves the use of __

　　An alternative approach to the problem is __

　　This can be applied to solve these problems.

　　A number of works have shown that this problem can be overcome by using __

　　A large number of alternative approaches have been developed over the last few decades to ++

　　To overcome this problem, in the next section we demonstrate __

　　One way to overcome this problem is to __

　　To overcome this problem, some approaches have been made __

　　One way of recovering from this problem could be to __

　　This has been proposed to surmount the problems caused by __

　　A different approach to the traditional problem is given in __

　　A whole range of different approaches to the problem are available.

　　These techniques have potential to solve contemporary problems in __

　　We should tailor specific solutions to specific problems __

　　The standard solution to the problem is based on __

　　The solution proposed here addresses only the problem of __

　　There are techniques that have been developed to solve this problem __

　　This problem is usually overcome by __

　　There have been several attempts to solve the problem __

　　There exist many methods for dealing with this problem __

　　Broadly speaking, the problem can be addressed by __

　　One of the simplest ways of tackling this problem is __

　　This problem has been largely studied and many viable solutions have been found.

　　In general, this problem can be tackled in two different ways.

　　Other approaches have been shown to cope with the problem more efficiently.

　　We will review the main approaches to solve this problem.

　　Recently, a more general solution has been proposed for this problem.

　　Both these works provide a solution to the problem.

　　Recent methods focus on overcoming the problems by proposing different schemes for __

　　This strategy is not uncommon in this kind of problems.

　　We can apply our algorithm to solve this difficult problem.

　　This is how the problem can be tackled __

　　We have developed this generic method to solve a variety of problems.

　　We will now demonstrate our method on some specific problems.

　　Here we solve several problems simultaneously.

　　We have undergone a rethinking of the problem by __

　　A possible solution to the problem at hand is __

　　It is clear that the problem could be easily tackled by __

　　5. 研究動(dòng)機(jī)：

　　It is of interest to know whether __ still hold true.

　　It would be of special interest to__

　　We therefore analyzed __ and investigated whether __

　　For this study, it was of interest to investigate __

　　We investigated whether __ can be partly explained by __

　　To examine the impact of __, we tested __

　　We have investigated the effect of __

　　We characterize different aspects of __

　　One way to investigate __ was to __

　　A new approach is therefore needed for __

　　To illuminate this uncharted area, we examined __

　　6. 研究目標(biāo)和研究目的：

　　The aim is to develop more sophisticated methods for __

　　The aim of this work is to develop __

　　The aims in this chapter are twofold: First __, Second __

　　For our first goal, we focus on two problems __

　　The aim here is to investigate __

　　The overall goal of this work was to __

　　This project aims to develop an overarching framework to __

　　The aim of the experiment is to compare __

　　The ultimate goal is to produce a __

　　The overall goal of this thesis was to pursue __

　　After defining the problem we explain the goals of the thesis.

　　With this aim in mind, in this paper we present a new method for __

　　Our research aims at finding a solution for this challenging problem of __

　　There is no overall goal, apart from __

　　We examine some previous work and propose a new method for __

　　There are too many simultaneous goals making it difficult to __

　　One of the major aims of this work was to create __

　　The main objective is to investigate methods for improving __

　　The objectives can be restated in the light of __

　　The objective is to devise and implement a system for __

　　The objectives were partially met by developing a method to __

　　The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of __

　　One of the objectives is to improve the __

　　7. 論文的主要貢獻(xiàn)：

　　This thesis documents several key contributions made to the fields of __

　　This thesis has made a number of significant contributions to the field of __

　　The contributions made here have wide applicability.

　　The contributions made should be of wide interest.

　　The first main contribution proposed in this field is a __

　　The contributions of this work are presented as follows: __

　　The main achievements, including contributions to the field can be summarised as follows: __

　　We summarize the main contributions of this thesis.

　　The key contribution of this work is the solution it provides __

　　It has numerous advantages as explained here __

　　It has significant benefits in terms of __

　　There is a clear advantage in following the methods of __

　　This has particular advantages over other __

　　All of these advantages make it particularly valuable in __

　　One of the primary benefits of this algorithm is __

　　This gives a significant advantage because __

　　These point out the advantages and practicability of __

　　One of the key benefits of the algorithm is __

　　The main advantage compared to previous method is __

　　This present some practical advantages.

　　The main advantage is the simplified pattern.

　　One practical advantage of the method is that it can be used in __

　　The advantage becomes all the more significant when __

　　In comparison with other techniques, this method has the advantage of __

　　The most important advantage of this method is that it can perform very well in __

　　It yielded significant speed advantages when __

　　The benefit of using the __ is expected to __

　　The main advantage is that we are able to __

　　To give some idea of the benefits of this method __

　　The additional advantage of using this method is that it results in __

　　This is an important advantage of this algorithm __

　　These are the main advantages of this method.