英譯漢翻譯技能歸化(Adaptation)由于文;常用于翻譯成語、典故、形象詞等文化色彩較濃的表達(dá);1)haveawolfbytheears騎虎難下;2)tobecutatelbows捉襟見肘;3)atsword’spoints強(qiáng)烈分歧;4)Giveadoganillnameandha;5)Alittlepotissoonhot量小易;6)Idon’tund

　　英語翻譯技能 歸化 (Adaptation)由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時(shí)有時(shí)直譯原文就會(huì)使譯入語讀者感到費(fèi)解，甚至誤解。這時(shí)，就有必要借用漢語中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達(dá)法對(duì)原文加以歸化。

　　常用于翻譯成語、典故、形象詞等文化色彩較濃的表達(dá)方式

　　1) have a wolf by the ears 騎虎難下

　　2) to be cut at elbows 捉襟見肘

　　3) at sword’s points 強(qiáng)烈分歧

　　4) Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患無詞

　　5) A little pot is soon hot 量小易怒

　　6) I don’t understand how he can think she is good-looking, but beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

　　我不知道他怎么會(huì)認(rèn)為她好看呢，但是情人眼里出西施。

　　7) He may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.

　　他也許總是保持著彌補(bǔ)一切的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，失之東隅的，他可以收之桑榆。

　　8) It was a case of diamond cut diamond. They thought they were going to beat Barcelona. In fact they lost the game 0:3.

　　強(qiáng)中自有強(qiáng)中手，他們以為可以痛宰巴塞羅那，事實(shí)上他們0：3慘敗。

　　9) All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day they’ll come out on top.

　　你只有破釜沉舟跟他們拚，或許有朝一日會(huì)出頭的。

　　10) The students must be enjoying the speech, because they’re laughing their heads off.

　　學(xué)生們笑得前仰后合，他們一定是很欣賞這個(gè)演講。

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　　單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)單詞分譯成一個(gè)句子。

　　目的：1、句法上的需要

　　2、修辭上的需要

　　1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

　　現(xiàn)在，人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來回答問題，因?yàn)樗踩?，不招風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　2) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.

　　每個(gè)帳篷內(nèi)怎么布置，這就要看各個(gè)使用者的性格了。

　　3) Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.

　　朱莉亞姨媽接連向坐在旁邊的人打聽加布里埃爾剛才說了些什么，卻沒有問出個(gè)所以然來。

　　4) The American commander, Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to join the battle.

　　美軍司令上將尼米茲怠于出戰(zhàn)，這是可以理解的。

　　Ø 短語分譯

　　短語分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)短語分譯成一個(gè)句子。

　　1) The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.

　　直接贈(zèng)與的意向必須明白無誤，轉(zhuǎn)讓行為必須立即產(chǎn)生效力，且該效力應(yīng)具有永久性。

　　2) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.

　　這座橋是1192年修建的，至今已經(jīng)有700多年的歷史了。

　　3) Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.

　　離公園幾個(gè)街區(qū)便是與公園平行的克萊門特街。那兒有十幾家民族餐館，熱鬧得如同第二個(gè)唐人街。

　　Ø 句子分譯

　　句子分譯可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句的分譯，并列復(fù)合句的分譯，主從復(fù)合句的分譯以及長(zhǎng)句的分譯。

　　1) His wealth enables him to do everything.

　　他有錢，什么事都能干。

　　2) His contemptuous attitude towards us is contemptible.

　　他以藐視的態(tài)度對(duì)待我們，這種態(tài)度是可鄙的。

　　漢譯英翻譯重點(diǎn) 主語的確定

　　原文主語作主語：場(chǎng)合有限

　　重新確定主語

　　(比較翻譯)

　　1) 世紀(jì)之交，中國(guó)外交空前活躍。

　　a) The turn of the century finds China most attractive on the diplomatic arena.

　　b) At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

　　中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。

　　Great changes have taken place in China.

　　China has witnessed tremendous changes.

　　2) 一九六四年十月中國(guó)爆炸了第一顆原子彈，使世界大為震驚。

　　a. China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the

　　world.

　　b. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.

　　3) 胎又癟了。

　　a. We’ve got another flat tire.

　　b. Our tire is flat again.

　　4) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

　　a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

　　b. We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.

　　增補(bǔ)主語

　　1、 推敲語境

　　2、 考慮英語語法習(xí)慣和行文的需要

　　沉默呵，沉默呵!不在沉默中爆發(fā)，就在沉默中滅亡。

　　Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!

　　起大風(fēng)了。

　　It’s blowing hard.

　　用勞動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想，用理想指導(dǎo)自己的勞動(dòng)。

　　You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals.

　　1) 中國(guó)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的航船將乘風(fēng)破浪的駛向現(xiàn)代化的光輝彼岸。

　　a. The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.

　　b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.

　　2) 我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。

　　a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.

　　b. Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

　　3) 他心直口快，總是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就贏得了大家的信任。

　　a. His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.

　　b. He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust.

　　4) 中國(guó)的富強(qiáng)和發(fā)展不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。

　　a. A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

　　b. The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.

　　5) 輕紡工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的花色品種增多，質(zhì)量繼續(xù)有所提高。

　　a. The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.

　　b. Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety.

　　6) 樓的質(zhì)量不好。

　　a. The building is not well built.

　　b. The quality of the building is poor.

　　天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云，人有旦夕禍福。

　　Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.

　　真是太荒謬了。