§ 7-302. Through Bills of Lading and Similar Documents of Title.

　　完全提單和類似的權(quán)利證書.

　　(a) The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person acting as its agent or by a performing carrier is liable to any person entitled to recover on the document for any breach by the other person or the performing carrier of its obligation under the document. However, to the extent that the bill covers an undertaking to be performed overseas or in territory not contiguous to the continental United States or an undertaking including matters other than transportation, this liability for breach by the other person or the performing carrier may be varied by agreement of the parties.

　　(b) If goods covered by a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person other than the issuer are received by that person, the person is subject, with respect to its own performance while the goods are in its possession, to the obligation of the issuer. The person's obligation is discharged by delivery of the goods to another person pursuant to the document and does not include liability for breach by any other person or by the issuer.

　　(c) The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title described in subsection (a) is entitled to recover from the performing carrier, or other person in possession of the goods when the breach of the obligation under the document occurred:

　　(1) the amount it may be required to pay to any person entitled to recover on the document for the breach, as may be evidenced by any receipt, judgment, or transcript of judgment, and;

　　(2) the amount of any expense reasonably incurred by the issuer in defending any action commenced by any person entitled to recover on the document for the breach.

　　(a) 完全的提單或其他權(quán)利證書包含應(yīng)由擔(dān)當(dāng)其代理人的人或執(zhí)行承運(yùn)人部分履行的承諾，該單據(jù)的發(fā)行人應(yīng)向任何這樣的人承擔(dān)責(zé)任，此人有權(quán)在單據(jù)上就其他人或執(zhí) 行承運(yùn)人對其在該單據(jù)下的義務(wù)的任何違反獲得補(bǔ)償。但是，在該單據(jù)包含應(yīng)在海外履行或在不鄰近美國大陸的領(lǐng)域履行的承諾，或包括除運(yùn)輸之外的事項(xiàng)的承諾的 范圍內(nèi)，其他人或執(zhí)行承運(yùn)人違約的責(zé)任可以通過當(dāng)事人的協(xié)議變更。

　　(b) 若包含除發(fā)行人之外的人部分履行的承諾的完全提單或其他權(quán)利證書所包含的貨物由此人收到，當(dāng)該貨物是由其占有時(shí)，關(guān)于其自己的履行，此人受發(fā)行人的義務(wù)影響。此人的義務(wù)因依照該單據(jù)貨物對其他人的交付而解除，并且，不包括任何其他人或發(fā)行人的違約責(zé)任。

　　(c) (a)款規(guī)定的完全的提單或其他權(quán)利證書的發(fā)行人有權(quán)從執(zhí)行承運(yùn)人、或占有該貨物的其他人獲得補(bǔ)償，當(dāng)在單據(jù)下的義務(wù)的違反發(fā)生時(shí)：

　　(1) 其可以被要求支付給有權(quán)在單據(jù)上因該違約獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)娜魏稳说慕痤~，可以通過任何收據(jù)、判決、或判決的抄本證明，及;

　　(2) 合理地發(fā)生在發(fā)行人抗辯有權(quán)在單據(jù)上因該違約獲得補(bǔ)償?shù)娜魏稳颂崞鸬娜魏卧V訟時(shí)的任何費(fèi)用的金額。

　　§ 7-303. Diversion; Reconsignment; Change of Instructions. 轉(zhuǎn)化; 再交付; 指示的變更.

　　(a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from:

　　(1) the holder of a negotiable bill;

　　(2) the consignor on a nonnegotiable bill even if the consignee has given contrary instructions;

　　(3) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill in the absence of contrary instructions from the consignor, if the goods have arrived at the billed destination or if the consignee is in possession of the tangible bill or in control of the electronic bill; or

　　(4) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill, if the consignee is entitled as against the consignor to dispose of the goods.

　　(b) Unless instructions described in subsection (a) are included in a negotiable bill of lading, a person to which the bill is duly negotiated may hold the bailee according to the original terms.

　　(a) 除非提單另有規(guī)定，承運(yùn)人可以交付貨物給一個人或除該單據(jù)規(guī)定外的目的地，或另行處置該貨物，而不承擔(dān)交付錯誤的責(zé)任，根據(jù)來自下述人的指示：

　　(1) 可流通的單據(jù)的持票人;

　　(2) 不流通的單據(jù)上的發(fā)貨人，即使該收貨人已經(jīng)給予相反的指示;

　　(3) 不流通的單據(jù)上的、缺乏收貨人的相反的指示的收貨人，若該貨物已經(jīng)到達(dá)在列舉的目的地，或若收貨人占有該有形的單據(jù)或控制電子的電子的單據(jù);或

　　(4) 不流通的單據(jù)上的收貨人，若該收貨人被授予與發(fā)貨人比較的處置貨物權(quán)。

　　(b) 除非(a)款規(guī)定的指示被訂立于可流通的提單，單據(jù)適時(shí)地流通給的人可以根據(jù)原條款控制(hold)受托人。

　　§ 7-304. Tangible Bills of Lading in a Set. 成組的有形提單.

　　(a) Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible bill of lading may not be issued in a set of parts. The issuer is liable for damages caused by violation of this subsection.

　　(b) If a tangible bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts, each of which contains an identification code and is expressed to be valid only if the goods have not been delivered against any other part, the whole of the parts constitutes one bill.

　　(c) If a tangible negotiable bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts and different parts are negotiated to different persons, the title of the holder to which the first due negotiation is made prevails as to both the document of title and the goods even if any later holder may have received the goods from the carrier in good faith and discharged the carrier's obligation by surrendering its part.

　　(d) A person that negotiates or transfers a single part of a tangible bill of lading issued in a set is liable to holders of that part as if it were the whole set.

　　(e) The bailee is obliged to deliver in accordance with Part 4 against the first presented part of a tangible bill of lading lawfully issued in a set. Delivery in this manner discharges the bailee's obligation on the whole bill.

　　(a) 除非作為國際運(yùn)輸?shù)膽T例，有形的提單不得成組發(fā)行。發(fā)行人應(yīng)由于本款之違反引起的損害負(fù)責(zé)。

　　(b) 若有形的提單合法地成組發(fā)行，每個組成部分包含標(biāo)識碼并表示僅當(dāng)該貨物已經(jīng)被交付對于任何其他部分時(shí)有效，所有部分構(gòu)成一張單據(jù)。

　　(c) 若有形的可流通的提單合法地成組發(fā)行，并且不同的部分流通給不同的人，關(guān)于權(quán)利證書和貨物，最初的正當(dāng)流通被向其作出的持票人的權(quán)利具有優(yōu)先效力 (prevails)，即使任何后來的持票人可能已經(jīng)善意地從承運(yùn)人處收到該貨物，并解除承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)通過交出其部分。

　　(d) 流通或轉(zhuǎn)讓成組發(fā)行的有形提單的單一部分的人應(yīng)向該部分的持票人承擔(dān)相當(dāng)于所有組成部分的責(zé)任。

　　(e) 對合法地成組發(fā)行的有形的提單的最初發(fā)行之部分，受托人應(yīng)當(dāng)依照第4章交付。以此方式的交付解除受托人在整張單據(jù)上的義務(wù)。

　　§ 7-305. Destination Bills. 目的地單據(jù).

　　(a) Instead of issuing a bill of lading to the consignor at the place of shipment, a carrier, at the request of the consignor, may procure the bill to be issued at destination or at any other place designated in the request.

　　(b) Upon request of any person entitled as against a carrier to control the goods while in transit and on surrender of possession or control of any outstanding bill of lading or other receipt covering the goods, the issuer, subject to Section 7-105, may procure a substitute bill to be issued at any place designated in the request.

　　(a) 代替簽發(fā)提單發(fā)貨人在運(yùn)輸?shù)?，承運(yùn)人依照發(fā)貨人的要求，可以獲得在目的地簽發(fā)或按照該要求指定的任何其他地點(diǎn)簽發(fā)的單據(jù)。

　　(b) 根據(jù)任何人的要求，此人相對于承運(yùn)人有權(quán)控制在運(yùn)輸中的貨物，有權(quán)獲取任何顯著的提單或包含該貨物的其他單據(jù)的占有或控制，受§7-105的影響，發(fā)行人可以獲得在該請求中指定的任何地點(diǎn)發(fā)行的替代單據(jù)。

　　§ 7-306. Altered Bills of Lading. 被涂改的提單.

　　An unauthorized alteration or filling in of a blank in a bill of lading leaves the bill enforceable according to its original tenor.

　　未經(jīng)授權(quán)的涂改或在提單空白欄的填寫使得該單據(jù)根據(jù)其原要旨具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行效力。

　　§ 7-307. Lien of Carrier. 承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán).

　　(a) A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds thereof in its possession for charges after the date of the carrier's receipt of the goods for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, and for expenses necessary for preservation of the goods incident to their transportation or reasonably incurred in their sale pursuant to law. However, against a purchaser for value of a negotiable bill of lading, a carrier's lien is limited to charges stated in the bill or the applicable tariffs or, if no charges are stated, a reasonable charge.

　　(b) A lien for charges and expenses under subsection (a) on goods that the carrier was required by law to receive for transportation is effective against the consignor or any person entitled to the goods unless the carrier had notice that the consignor lacked authority to subject the goods to those charges and expenses. Any other lien under subsection (a) is effective against the consignor and any person that permitted the bailor to have control or possession of the goods unless the carrier had notice that the bailor lacked authority.

　　(c) A carrier loses its lien on any goods that it voluntarily delivers or unjustifiably refuses to deliver.

　　(a) 在其占有期間，承運(yùn)人在提單包含的貨物上或在收益上享有留置權(quán)，對于承運(yùn)人為儲存或運(yùn)輸收取貨物之日之后的費(fèi)用，包括逾期費(fèi)和裝卸費(fèi)、和保存貨物到運(yùn)輸?shù)?必要開支或依照法律在銷售中引起的合理開支。但是，對于可流通的提單的有償購買人，承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)被限于該單據(jù)規(guī)定的費(fèi)用，或可適用的關(guān)稅，或者，若沒有 費(fèi)用被規(guī)定，合理的費(fèi)用。

　　(b) 對于在(a)款下的費(fèi)用和開支，承運(yùn)人被要求依法收運(yùn)的貨物上的留置權(quán)對于發(fā)貨人或?qū)ω浳锵碛袡?quán)利的任何其他人，除非承運(yùn)人得到通知發(fā)貨人缺乏使該貨物受 制于那些費(fèi)用和開支的授權(quán)。在(a)款下的任何其他留置權(quán)對發(fā)貨人(consignor)和允許寄托人控制或占有該貨物的任何人有效，除非承運(yùn)人得到寄托 人缺乏授權(quán)的通知。

　　(c) 承運(yùn)人失去其在其自動交付或無正當(dāng)理由拒絕交付的任何貨物上的留置權(quán)。

　　§ 7-308. Enforcement of Carrier's Lien. 承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)之執(zhí)行.

　　(a) A carrier's lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include a statement of the amount due, the nature of the proposed sale, and the time and place of any public sale. The fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or in a different method from that selected by the carrier is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not made in a commercially reasonable manner. The carrier has sold goods in a commercially reasonable manner if the carrier sells the goods in the usual manner in any recognized market therefor, sells at the price current in that market at the time of the sale, or has otherwise sold in conformity with commercially reasonable practices among dealers in the type of goods sold. A sale of more goods than apparently necessary to be offered to ensure satisfaction of the obligation is not commercially reasonable, except in cases covered by the preceding sentence.

　　(a) 承運(yùn)人在貨物上的留置權(quán)可以被執(zhí)行通過拍賣或私下出賣該貨物，散裝或包裝，在任何時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，及商業(yè)上合理的任何條款，在通知已知的主張?jiān)撠浳锷系臋?quán)益的 所有的人之后。該通知必須包括到期金額的陳述、被提議的買賣的性質(zhì)、及任何拍賣的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。通過承運(yùn)人選擇的在不同時(shí)間或以不同的方法的買賣，一個更好 的價(jià)格可能已經(jīng)被獲得，這樣的事實(shí)本身不足以證明該買賣不被以商業(yè)上合理的方式作出。若承運(yùn)人以通常的方式在任何為此被承認(rèn)的市場，在該市場以出售時(shí)的市 價(jià)出售這些貨物，或已經(jīng)另外地以符合在被出售的類型的貨物的經(jīng)銷商之間的商業(yè)上合理的慣例出售，則承運(yùn)人已經(jīng)以商業(yè)上合理的方式出售貨物。超過外觀必要提 供的貨物以確保義務(wù)之清償?shù)匿N售不為商業(yè)上合理，除前句包含的情形外。

　　(b) Before any sale pursuant to this section, any person claiming a right in the goods may pay the amount necessary to satisfy the lien and the reasonable expenses incurred in complying with this section. In that event, the goods may not be sold but must be retained by the carrier, subject to the terms of the bill of lading and this article.

　　(c) A carrier may buy at any public sale pursuant to this section.

　　(d) A purchaser in good faith of goods sold to enforce a carrier's lien takes the goods free of any rights of persons against which the lien was valid, despite the carrier's noncompliance with this section.

　　(e) A carrier may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale pursuant to this section but shall hold the balance, if any, for delivery on demand to any person to which the carrier would have been bound to deliver the goods.

　　(f) The rights provided by this section are in addition to all other rights allowed by law to a creditor against a debtor.

　　(g) A carrier's lien may be enforced pursuant to either subsection (a) or the procedure set forth in Section 7-210(b).

　　(h) A carrier is liable for damages caused by failure to comply with the requirements for sale under this section and, in case of willful violation, is liable for conversion.

　　(b) 在依照本條的任何買賣前，主張貨物上的權(quán)利的任何人可以支付必要的金額清償留置權(quán)和依照本條發(fā)生的合理的費(fèi)用。在該情形，該貨物可以不出售，但是必須由受提單的條款和本篇影響的承運(yùn)人保留。

　　(c) 承運(yùn)人可以在依照本條舉行的拍賣中購買。

　　(d) 為執(zhí)行承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)而出售的貨物的善意購買人不受留置權(quán)對其有效的人的任何權(quán)利的影響， 即使承運(yùn)人不遵守本條。

　　(e) 承運(yùn)人依照本條舉行的任何買賣的收益獲得對其留置權(quán)的清償，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)持有其余額，若有的話，以在承運(yùn)人本來應(yīng)向其交付貨物的任何人的要求支付時(shí)支付。

　　(f) 本條規(guī)定的權(quán)利是除法律允許的債權(quán)人對債務(wù)人的所有其他權(quán)利之外的權(quán)利。

　　(g) 承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)可以依照(a)款或§7-210(b)提出的程序執(zhí)行。

　　(h) 承運(yùn)人未能遵守本條下的買賣的要求的，應(yīng)對由此引起的損害承擔(dān)責(zé)任，在故意的情形，應(yīng)負(fù)侵害財(cái)產(chǎn)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任(conversion)。

　　§ 7-309. Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Carrier's Liability.

　　注意義務(wù); 承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的合同限制.

　　(a) A carrier that issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, shall exercise the degree of care in relation to the goods which a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. This subsection does not affect any statute, regulation, or rule of law that imposes liability upon a common carrier for damages not caused by its negligence.

　　(b) Damages may be limited by a term in the bill of lading or in a transportation agreement that the carrier's liability may not exceed a value stated in the bill or transportation agreement if the carrier's rates are dependent upon value and the consignor is afforded an opportunity to declare a higher value and the consignor is advised of the opportunity. However, such a limitation is not effective with respect to the carrier's liability for conversion to its own use.

　　(c) Reasonable provisions as to the time and manner of presenting claims and commencing actions based on the shipment may be included in a bill of lading or a transportation agreement.

　　(a) 簽發(fā)提單的承運(yùn)人，無論是可流通的還是不可流通的提單，應(yīng)當(dāng)對該貨物盡在類似情形下一個合理注意的人將會盡的注意義務(wù)程度。本款不影響任何法令、規(guī)則、或法律規(guī)則。對共同承運(yùn)人施加因其疏忽引起的損害承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　(b) 通過提單或運(yùn)輸協(xié)議中的條款可以限制損害賠償金，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任不得超過該單據(jù)或運(yùn)輸協(xié)議中規(guī)定的價(jià)值，若承運(yùn)人的價(jià)格(rates)依賴于價(jià)值，并且，發(fā) 貨人被提供一個機(jī)會去宣稱一個更高的價(jià)值并且該發(fā)貨人被建議該機(jī)會。但是，這樣的限制對承運(yùn)人因轉(zhuǎn)化到其自己的使用的責(zé)任無效。

　　(c)關(guān)于提示主張和提起基于運(yùn)輸?shù)脑V訟的時(shí)間和方式的合理的規(guī)定可以訂立于提單或運(yùn)輸協(xié)議。

　　PART 4. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: GENERAL OBLIGATIONS [Table of Contents] 倉單和提單: 一般義務(wù)

　　§ 7-401. Irregularities in Issue of Receipt or Bill or Conduct of Issuer.

　　收據(jù)或票據(jù)的發(fā)行或發(fā)行人的行為的違規(guī).

　　The obligations imposed by this article on an issuer apply to a document of title even if:

　　本篇對發(fā)行人施加的義務(wù)適用于權(quán)利證書，即使：

　　(1) the document does not comply with the requirements of this article or of any other statute, rule, or regulation regarding its issue, form, or content;

　　(2) the issuer violated laws regulating the conduct of its business;

　　(3) the goods covered by the document were owned by the bailee when the document was issued; or

　　(4) the person issuing the document is not a warehouse but the document purports to be a warehouse receipt.

　　(1) 該單據(jù)不符合本篇或任何其他法令、規(guī)則、或關(guān)于其發(fā)行、形式、或內(nèi)容的規(guī)章的要求;

　　(2) 發(fā)行人違反調(diào)整其商務(wù)行為的法律;

　　(3) 當(dāng)單據(jù)發(fā)行時(shí)，該單據(jù)包含的貨物由受托人所有;或

　　(4) 發(fā)行該單據(jù)的人不是倉儲人，但是該單據(jù)聲稱為倉單。

　　§ 7-402. Duplicate Document of Title; Overissue. 復(fù)制件權(quán)利證書; 濫發(fā).

　　A duplicate or any other document of title purporting to cover goods already represented by an outstanding document of the same issuer does not confer any right in the goods, except as provided in the case of tangible bills of lading in a set of parts, overissue of documents for fungible goods, substitutes for lost, stolen, or destroyed documents, or substitute documents issued pursuant to Section 7-105. The issuer is liable for damages caused by its overissue or failure to identify a duplicate document by a conspicuous notation.

　　復(fù)制件或聲稱包含貨物的已經(jīng)由同一發(fā)行人的顯著的單據(jù)提示的任何其他權(quán)利證書不授予在該貨物上的任何權(quán)利，除非下列情形另有規(guī)定：成套的有形提單，種類物單據(jù)、遺失、被盜、或毀損的單據(jù)的代替品的濫發(fā)，或依照§7-105發(fā)行的替代性單據(jù)。 發(fā)行人應(yīng)對其濫發(fā)或未能通過顯著的符號確定一份復(fù)制件單據(jù)而導(dǎo)致的損害承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　§ 7-403. Obligation of Warehouse or Carrier to Deliver; Excuse.

　　倉儲人或承運(yùn)人的交付義務(wù); 免責(zé)事由.

　　(a) A bailee shall deliver the goods to a person entitled under a document of title if the person complies with subsections (b) and (c), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following:

　　(1) delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as against the claimant;

　　(2) damage to or delay, loss, or destruction of the goods for which the bailee is not liable;

　　(3) previous sale or other disposition of the goods in lawful enforcement of a lien or on a warehouse's lawful termination of storage;

　　(4) the exercise by a seller of its right to stop delivery pursuant to Section 2-705 or by a lessor of its right to stop delivery pursuant to Section 2A-526;

　　(5) a diversion, reconsignment, or other disposition pursuant to Section 7-303;

　　(6) release, satisfaction, or any other fact affording a personal defense against the claimant; or

　　(7) any other lawful excuse.

　　(a) 受托人應(yīng)當(dāng)交付貨物給在權(quán)利證書下享有權(quán)利的人，若此人依照(b)和(c)款行事，除非并僅限于受托人證明下列任何情形的范圍：

　　(1) 貨物給對于權(quán)利人為合法的收取的人的交付;

　　(2) 受托人不承擔(dān)責(zé)任的貨物的損害或遲延、遺失、或毀損;

　　(3) 以前的買賣或在留置權(quán)的合法執(zhí)行中的或倉儲人合法終止儲存時(shí)的對貨物的其他的處置;

　　(4) 出賣人依照§2-705停止交付的權(quán)利的行使或出租人依照§2a-526停止交付的權(quán)利的行使;

　　(5) 依照§7-303的轉(zhuǎn)換(diversion)、再交付(再交付)、或其他處置;

　　(6) 豁免(release)、清償、或提供對權(quán)利人的人的抗辯的任何其他事實(shí);或

　　(7) 任何其他的合法事由。

　　(b) A person claiming goods covered by a document of title shall satisfy the bailee's lien if the bailee so requests or the bailee is prohibited by law from delivering the goods until the charges are paid.

　　(c) Unless a person claiming the goods is one against which the document of title does not confer a right under Section 7-503(a):

　　(1) the person claiming under a document shall surrender possession or control of any outstanding negotiable document covering the goods for cancellation or indication of partial deliveries; and

　　(2) the bailee shall cancel the document or conspicuously indicate in the document the partial delivery or be liable to any person to which the document is duly negotiated.

　　(b) 主張權(quán)利證書包含的貨物的人應(yīng)當(dāng)清償受托人的留置權(quán)，若受托人如此要求，或在該費(fèi)用被支付之前，受托人被法律禁止交付該貨物。

　　(c) 除非權(quán)利證書未授予主張貨物的人§7-503(a)下的權(quán)利：

　　(1) 對于取消或部分交付的指示，提出單據(jù)下的主張的人應(yīng)當(dāng)交出任何顯著可流通的包含該貨物的單據(jù)的占有或控制;及

　　(2) 受托人應(yīng)當(dāng)取消該單據(jù)或在單據(jù)中醒目地指出部分交付，否則應(yīng)當(dāng)對該單據(jù)被適時(shí)流通給到的任何人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　§ 7-404. No Liability for Good Faith Delivery Pursuant to Document of Title.

　　依照權(quán)利證書善意交付無責(zé)任.

　　A bailee that in good faith has received goods and delivered or otherwise disposed of the goods according to the terms of a document of title or pursuant to this article is not liable for the goods even if:

　　(1) the person from which the bailee received the goods did not have authority to procure the document or to dispose of the goods; or

　　(2) the person to which the bailee delivered the goods did not have authority to receive the goods.

　　受托人善意地已經(jīng)收到貨物并交付或依照權(quán)利證書的條款或依照本篇其他方式處置貨物的，不為貨物承擔(dān)責(zé)任，即使：

　　(1) 受托人從其處收到貨物的人未得到授權(quán)獲得單據(jù)或處置貨物;或

　　(2) 獲得受托人交付貨物的人未得到授權(quán)收取貨物。

　　PART 5. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: NEGOTIATION AND TRANSFER [Table of Contents] 倉單和提單: 流通和轉(zhuǎn)讓

　　§ 7-501. Form of Negotiation and Requirements of Due Negotiation.

　　流通的形式和預(yù)期的流通的要求.

　　(a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title:

　　(1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person, the document is negotiated by the named person's indorsement and delivery. After the named person's indorsement in blank or to bearer, any person may negotiate the document by delivery alone.

　　(2) If the document's original terms run to bearer, it is negotiated by delivery alone.

　　(3) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and it is delivered to the named person, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.

　　(4) Negotiation of the document after it has been indorsed to a named person requires indorsement by the named person as well as delivery.

　　(5) A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves receiving the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.

　　(a) 下列規(guī)則適用于可流通的有形的權(quán)利證書：

　　(1) 若該單據(jù)的原條款指向(run to)指定的人的指令，該單據(jù)通過指定的人的背書和交付而流通。在指定的人的空白背書或給持票人(bearer)后，任何人可以僅通過交付讓渡該單據(jù)。

　　(2) 若該單據(jù)的原條款指向持票人，其僅因交付而流通。

　　(3) 若該單據(jù)的原條款指向指定的人的指令，并且其被交付給該指定的人，效力與該單據(jù)已經(jīng)被流通的效力相同。

　　(4) 在其已經(jīng)被背書給指定的人之后的單據(jù)的流通要求指定的人背書并交付。

　　(5) 單據(jù)被適時(shí)地流通，若其以本款規(guī)定的方式流通給善意購買單據(jù)的持票人，而該持票人有償獲得該單據(jù)，并且沒有得到關(guān)于對其的任何抗辯或?qū)ζ湓谌魏稳说牟糠稚系闹鲝埖耐ㄖ?，除非其證明該流通不在正常的商業(yè)或融資過程中，或包含在結(jié)算或金錢義務(wù)的支付中收到該單據(jù)。

　　(b) The following rules apply to a negotiable electronic document of title:

　　(1) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person or to bearer, the document is negotiated by delivery of the document to another person. Indorsement by the named person is not required to negotiate the document.

　　(2) If the document's original terms run to the order of a named person and the named person has control of the document, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.

　　(3) A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves taking delivery of the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.

　　(c) Indorsement of a nonnegotiable document of title neither makes it negotiable nor adds to the transferee's rights.

　　(d) The naming in a negotiable bill of lading of a person to be notified of the arrival of the goods does not limit the negotiability of the bill or constitute notice to a purchaser of the bill of any interest of that person in the goods.

　　(b) 下列規(guī)則適用于可流通的電子的權(quán)利證書：

　　(1) 若該單據(jù)的原條款指向指定的人的指令或持票人，該單據(jù)通過交付給其他人而流通。流通該單據(jù)無需指定的人的背書。

　　(2) 若該單據(jù)的原條款指向指定的人的指令，并且指定的人得到單據(jù)的控制，效力與該單據(jù)已經(jīng)被流通的效力相同。

　　(3) 單據(jù)被適時(shí)地流通，若其以本款規(guī)定的方式流通給善意購買單據(jù)的持票人，而該持票人有償獲得該單據(jù)，并且沒有得到關(guān)于對其的任何抗辯或?qū)ζ湓谌魏稳说牟糠稚系闹鲝埖耐ㄖ?，除非其證明該流通不在正常的商業(yè)或融資過程中，或包含在結(jié)算或金錢義務(wù)的支付中取得該單據(jù)。

　　(c) 不可流通的權(quán)利證書的背書既不使得其可流通，也不增加受讓人的權(quán)利。

　　(d) 在被通過該貨物的到達(dá)的人的可流通的提單中的命名不限制該單據(jù)的流通性，或構(gòu)成對該單據(jù)的購買人通知關(guān)于此人在該貨物上的任何權(quán)益。

　　§ 7-502. Rights Acquired by Due Negotiation. 預(yù)期流通獲得的權(quán)利.

　　(a) Subject to Sections 7-205 and 7-503, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated acquires thereby:

　　(1) title to the document;

　　(2) title to the goods;

　　(3) all rights accruing under the law of agency or estoppel, including rights to goods delivered to the bailee after the document was issued; and

　　(4) the direct obligation of the issuer to hold or deliver the goods according to the terms of the document free of any defense or claim by the issuer except those arising under the terms of the document or under this article. In the case of a delivery order, the bailee's obligation accrues only upon the bailee's acceptance of the delivery order and the obligation acquired by the holder is that the issuer and any indorser will procure the acceptance of the bailee.

　　(b) Subject to Section 7-503, title and rights acquired by due negotiation are not defeated by any stoppage of the goods represented by the document of title or by surrender of the goods by the bailee and are not impaired even if:

　　(1) the due negotiation or any prior due negotiation constituted a breach of duty;

　　(2) any person has been deprived of possession of a negotiable tangible document or control of a negotiable electronic document by misrepresentation, fraud, accident, mistake, duress, loss, theft, or conversion; or

　　(3) a previous sale or other transfer of the goods or document has been made to a third person.

　　(a) 受7-205和7-503的影響，可流通的權(quán)利證書適時(shí)流通給其的持票人因此獲得：

　　(1) 對該單據(jù)的權(quán)利;

　　(2) 對該貨物的權(quán)利;

　　(3) 根據(jù)代理法或禁止反言法獲得的所有權(quán)利，包括在該單據(jù)被發(fā)行后被交付給受托人的貨物的權(quán)利;及

　　(4) 發(fā)行人的直接義務(wù)，即依照該單據(jù)的條款持有或交付該貨物，擺脫發(fā)行人的任何抗辯或權(quán)利，除該單據(jù)的條款或根據(jù)本篇產(chǎn)生的那些外。在交貨單的情形，受托人的義務(wù)產(chǎn)生于僅僅在受托人接受交貨單時(shí)，并且，持票人獲得的義務(wù)是發(fā)行人和任何背書人將獲得受托人的接受。

　　(b) 受§7-503影響，通過到期的流通獲得的所有權(quán)(title)和權(quán)利不因權(quán)利證書描述的貨物的任何中斷或受托人交出貨物而廢除，并且，不受削弱，即使：

　　(1) 該到期的流通或任何提前到期的流通構(gòu)成義務(wù)之違反;

　　(2) 由于虛偽的陳述(misrepresentation)、欺詐、意外事件(accident)、過失、脅迫、遺失、盜竊、或侵權(quán)行為(conversion)，任何人已經(jīng)被剝奪可流通的有形單據(jù)的占有或可流通的電子單據(jù)的控制;或

　　(3) 在前的出售或貨物或單據(jù)的其他轉(zhuǎn)讓已經(jīng)被作出給第三人。

　　§ 7-503. Document of Title to Goods Defeated in Certain Cases.

　　一定情形廢除對貨物的權(quán)利證書

　　(a) A document of title confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in the goods and that did not:

　　(1) deliver or entrust the goods or any document covering the goods to the bailor or the bailor's nominee with actual or apparent authority to ship, store, or sell; with power to obtain delivery under Section 7-403; or with power of disposition under Section 2-403, 2A-304(2), 2A-305(2), or 9-320 or other statute or rule of law; or

　　(2) acquiesce in the procurement by the bailor or its nominee of any document.

　　(b) Title to goods based upon an unaccepted delivery order is subject to the rights of any person to which a negotiable warehouse receipt or bill of lading covering the goods has been duly negotiated. That title may be defeated under Section 7-504 to the same extent as the rights of the issuer or a transferee from the issuer.

　　(c) Title to goods based upon a bill of lading issued to a freight forwarder is subject to the rights of any person to which a bill issued by the freight forwarder is duly negotiated. However, delivery by the carrier in accordance with Part 4 pursuant to its own bill of lading discharges the carrier's obligation to deliver.

　　(a) 權(quán)利證書不對這樣的人授予貨物上的權(quán)利，此人在該單據(jù)發(fā)行前已經(jīng)在該貨物上享有合法權(quán)益或完善的擔(dān)保權(quán)益，并且，此人未：

　　(1) 交付或委托該貨物或包含該貨物的任何單據(jù)給寄托人或寄托人的指定的人(nominee)以實(shí)際的或外觀的授權(quán)去運(yùn)輸、儲存或出售;以獲得在§7-403下 的交付的權(quán)利;或以根據(jù)§2-403、2a-304(2)、2a-305(2)、或9-320或其他法令或法律規(guī)則的處置權(quán);或

　　(2) 默示同意寄托人或其任何單據(jù)的指定的人的獲得。

　　(b) 以未被接受的交貨單為基礎(chǔ)的對貨物的權(quán)利受包含該貨物的可流通的倉單或提單已經(jīng)被適時(shí)流通給其的任何人的權(quán)利之影響。根據(jù)§7-504，在發(fā)行人或受讓人得自發(fā)行人的權(quán)利相同的范圍內(nèi)，該所有權(quán)可以被廢除。

　　(c) 以發(fā)行給運(yùn)費(fèi)由提貨方支付的承運(yùn)人的提單為基礎(chǔ)的對貨物的所有權(quán)受發(fā)行給運(yùn)費(fèi)由提貨方支付的承運(yùn)人的提單被適時(shí)地流通給的任何人的權(quán)利之影響. 但是，與第4篇相一致的承運(yùn)人依照其自己的提單作出的交付解除承運(yùn)人的交付義務(wù)。

　　§ 7-504. Rights Acquired in the Absence of Due Negotiation; Effect of Diversion; Stoppage of Delivery.

　　缺乏到期的流通時(shí)獲得的權(quán)利; 轉(zhuǎn)化的效力; 交付的中止.

　　(a) A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that its transferor had or had actual authority to convey.

　　(b) In the case of a nonnegotiable document of title, until but not after the bailee receives notice of the transfer, the rights of the transferee may be defeated:

　　(1) by those creditors of the transferor that could treat the transfer as void under Section 2-402 or 2A-308;

　　(2) by a buyer from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the buyer or received notification of the buyer's rights;

　　(3) by a lessee from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the lessee or received notification of the lessee's rights; or

　　(4) as against the bailee, by good faith dealings of the bailee with the transferor.

　　(a) 權(quán)利證書的受讓人，無論是是可流通的還是不可流通的，對該受讓人，該單據(jù)已經(jīng)被交付但非適時(shí)地流通，獲得其轉(zhuǎn)讓人有或有有實(shí)際的授權(quán)去轉(zhuǎn)讓的資格(title)和權(quán)利。

　　(b) 在不流通的權(quán)利證書情形，直到但不是在受托人收到該轉(zhuǎn)讓的通知之后，受讓人的權(quán)利可以被廢除：

　　(1) 轉(zhuǎn)讓人的可以根據(jù)§2-402或2a-308視該轉(zhuǎn)讓為無效的那些債權(quán)人廢除;

　　(2) 由在通常的商務(wù)過程中的轉(zhuǎn)讓人廢除，若受托人已經(jīng)交付該貨物給買方或已經(jīng)收到該買方的權(quán)利的通知;

　　(3) 由承租人從在通常的商務(wù)過程中的轉(zhuǎn)讓人廢除，若該受托人已經(jīng)交付該貨物給承租人或已經(jīng)收到承租人的權(quán)利的通知;或

　　(4) 對于受托人，通過受托人與轉(zhuǎn)讓人的善意的交易。

　　(c) A diversion or other change of shipping instructions by the consignor in a nonnegotiable bill of lading which causes the bailee not to deliver the goods to the consignee defeats the consignee's title to the goods if the goods have been delivered to a buyer in ordinary course of business or a lessee in ordinary course of business and in any event defeats the consignee's rights against the bailee.

　　(d) Delivery of the goods pursuant to a nonnegotiable document of title may be stopped by a seller under Section 2-705 or a lessor under Section 2A-526, subject to the requirements of due notification in those sections. A bailee honoring the seller's or lessor's instructions is entitled to be indemnified by the seller or lessor against any resulting loss or expense.

　　(c) 發(fā)貨人在不流通的提單上的運(yùn)輸指示的轉(zhuǎn)變或其他變更，引起受托人不交付貨物給收貨人，則廢除收貨人對該貨物的所有權(quán)，若該貨物已經(jīng)被交付給在通常的商務(wù)過程中的買方或在通常的商務(wù)過程中的承租人，并且，在任何情形，廢除收貨人對受托人的權(quán)利。

　　(d) 貨物依照不可流通的權(quán)利證書的交付可以被在§2-705下的賣方停止，或在§2a-526下的出租人停止，受在那些條中的應(yīng)付的通知的要求影響。兌付出賣人或出租人的指示的受托人有權(quán)就任何作為結(jié)果發(fā)生的損失或費(fèi)用得到出賣人或出租人的賠償。

　　§ 7-505. Indorser Not a Guarantor for Other Parties. 非為其他當(dāng)事人的保證人的背書人.

　　The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued by a bailee does not make the indorser liable for any default by the bailee or previous indorsers.

　　受托人簽發(fā)的有形的權(quán)利證書的背書不使得該背書人對受托人或以前的背書人的任何違約負(fù)責(zé)。

　　§ 7-506. Delivery Without Indorsement: Right to Compel Indorsement.

　　無背書的交付: 強(qiáng)制背書權(quán).

　　The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title has a specifically enforceable right to have its transferor supply any necessary indorsement, but the transfer becomes a negotiation only as of the time the indorsement is supplied.

　　可流通的有形的權(quán)利證書的受讓人享有特定的可強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的權(quán)利去使其轉(zhuǎn)讓人提供任何必要的背書，但是僅到該背書被提供時(shí)該轉(zhuǎn)讓成為流通。

　　§ 7-507. Warranties on Negotiation or Transfer of Document of Title.

　　在權(quán)利證書的流通或轉(zhuǎn)讓上的保證.

　　If a person negotiates or delivers a document of title for value, otherwise than as a mere intermediary under Section 7-508, unless otherwise agreed, the transferor warrants to its immediate purchaser only in addition to any warranty made in selling or leasing the goods that:

　　(1) the document is genuine;

　　(2) the transferor does not have knowledge of any fact that would impair the document's validity or worth; and

　　(3) the negotiation or delivery is rightful and fully effective with respect to the title to the document and the goods it represents.

　　若一個人有償?shù)亓魍ɑ蚪桓稒?quán)利證書，除僅僅作為§7-508下的媒介之外，除非另有協(xié)議，轉(zhuǎn)讓人向其直接買方擔(dān)保僅僅除在出售或出租該貨物時(shí)作出的任何保證之外：

　　(1) 該單據(jù)是真實(shí)的;

　　(2) 轉(zhuǎn)讓人不知道任何事實(shí)，將損害該單據(jù)的有效性或價(jià)值;及

　　(3) 該流通或交付為公正并充分有效關(guān)于對該單據(jù)的所有權(quán)和其表述的貨物。

　　§ 7-508. Warranties of Collecting Bank as to Documents of Title.

　　收款行關(guān)于權(quán)利證書的保證.

　　A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of another or with collection of a draft or other claim against delivery of documents warrants by the delivery of the documents only its own good faith and authority even if the collecting bank or other intermediary has purchased or made advances against the claim or draft to be collected.

　　收款行或其他中介，已知被委托以代表其他人的權(quán)利證書、或匯票的收款、或?qū)螕?jù)的交付的其他主張，通過單據(jù)的交付僅僅保證其自己的善意和授權(quán)，即使該收款行或其他中介已經(jīng)對該主張或被收款的匯票購買或作出預(yù)付款。

　　§ 7-509. Adequate Compliance With Commercial Contract. 充分的符合商業(yè)合同.

　　Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill the obligations of a contract for sale, a contract for lease, or the conditions of a letter of credit is determined by Article 2, 2A, or 5.

　　權(quán)利證書是否充分符合買賣合同、租賃合同的義務(wù)、或信用證的條件，按照第2、2a、或5篇。

　　PART 6. WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS AND BILLS OF LADING: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS [Table of Contents] 倉單和提單: 雜項(xiàng)規(guī)定

　　§ 7-601. Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed Documents of Title.

　　遺失、被盜、或毀損的權(quán)利證書.

　　(a) If a document of title is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a court may order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document and the bailee may without liability to any person comply with the order. If the document was negotiable, a court may not order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document without the claimant's posting security unless it finds that any person that may suffer loss as a result of nonsurrender of possession or control of the document is adequately protected against the loss. If the document was nonnegotiable, the court may require security. The court may also order payment of the bailee's reasonable costs and attorney's fees in any action under this subsection.

　　(b) A bailee that without court order delivers goods to a person claiming under a missing negotiable document of title is liable to any person injured thereby. If the delivery is not in good faith, the bailee is liable for conversion. Delivery in good faith is not conversion if the claimant posts security with the bailee in an amount at least double the value of the goods at the time of posting to indemnify any person injured by the delivery which files a notice of claim within one year after the delivery.

　　(a) 若權(quán)利證書遺失、被盜、或毀損，法院可以命令交付貨物或發(fā)行替代單據(jù)，并且受托人可 以遵從該命令而不對任何人負(fù)責(zé)任。若該單據(jù)為可流通，法院不得命令交付貨物或發(fā)行替代單據(jù)沒有原告繳納的保證金(posting security)，除非其查明因不交出單據(jù)的占有或控制可能遭受損失的任何人被充分地防護(hù)該損失。若該單據(jù)為不可流通，法院可以要求保證金。根據(jù)本款， 法院也可以命令支付受托人的合理的花費(fèi)和在任何訴訟中的律師費(fèi)。

　　(b) 受托人沒 有法院的命令交付給主張根據(jù)遺失的可流通的權(quán)利證書的貨物的人，應(yīng)對因此受傷害的任何人擔(dān)責(zé)。若交付非善意，受托人應(yīng)對轉(zhuǎn)換擔(dān)責(zé)。善意的交付不是轉(zhuǎn)化 (conversion)，若原告以受托人提供保證，在提供時(shí)金額至少為貨物價(jià)值的兩倍，以賠償該交付損害的、在交付后一年內(nèi)提起一項(xiàng)權(quán)利通知的任何人。

　　§ 7-602. Attachment of Goods Covered by a Negotiable Document.

　　可流通的單據(jù)包含的貨物的扣押.

　　Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not have power to dispose of them, a lien does not attach by virtue of any judicial process to goods in the possession of a bailee for which a negotiable document of title is outstanding unless possession or control of the document is first surrendered to the bailee or the document's negotiation is enjoined. The bailee may not be compelled to deliver the goods pursuant to process until possession or control of the document is surrendered to the bailee or to the court. A purchaser of the document for value without notice of the process or injunction takes free of the lien imposed by judicial process.

　　除非根據(jù)無權(quán)處置貨物的人交付貨物最初發(fā)行權(quán)利證書，留置權(quán)不因任何司法程序放在受托人占 有的貨物上，對于其，可流通的權(quán)利證書為顯著，除非該單據(jù)的占有或控制首先被交給受托人或該單據(jù)的流通被禁止。在該單據(jù)的占有或控制被交給受托人或交給法 院之前，受托人不可以被強(qiáng)迫去交付該貨物依照程序。單據(jù)的善意有償購買人么呀得到該程序或禁令的通知的，不受司法程序施加的留置權(quán)影響。

　　§ 7-603. Conflicting Claims; Interpleader. 相沖突的主張; 確權(quán)訴訟.

　　If more than one person claims title to or possession of the goods, the bailee is excused from delivery until the bailee has a reasonable time to ascertain the validity of the adverse claims or to commence an action for interpleader. The bailee may assert an interpleader either in defending an action for nondelivery of the goods or by original action.

　　若超過一個人主張貨物的權(quán)利或占有，在受托人有合理的時(shí)間確定不利的主張的有效性或提起一個確權(quán)訴訟(interpleader)之前，受托人免除交付。受托人可以主張確權(quán)訴訟抗辯因不交付貨物的訴訟，或在原訴訟中提出抗辯。

　　PART 7. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS [Table of Contents] 雜項(xiàng)規(guī)定

　　§ 7-701. Effective Date. 生效日期.

　　This [Act] takes effect on ______, 20___.本[法案] 生效于 ______, 20___。

　　§ 7-702. Repeals. 廢止.

　　[Existing Article 7] and [Section 10-104 of the Uniform Commercial Code] are repealed.

　　[現(xiàn)有的第7篇] 和 [《統(tǒng)一商法典》§10-104] 被廢止。

　　§ 7-703. Applicability. 適用性.

　　This [Act] applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after the effective date of this [Act]. This [Act] does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this [Act] even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this [Act] if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen after the effective date of this [Act]. This [Act] does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before the effective date of this [Act].

　　本 [法案]適用于在本[法案]生效日期之日或之后發(fā)行或發(fā)生的權(quán)利證書或寄托(bailment)。本[法案]不適用于在本[法案]生效日期之前發(fā)行或發(fā)生 的權(quán)利證書或寄托，即使該權(quán)利證書或寄托將受本[法案]影響，若權(quán)利證書已經(jīng)被發(fā)行或寄托已經(jīng)發(fā)生在本[法案]生效日期之后。本[法案] 不適用于在本[法案]生效日期之前產(chǎn)生的訴訟權(quán)利。

　　§ 7-704. Savings Clause. 保留條款

　　A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this [Act] and the rights, obligations, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this [Act] as if amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule.

　　本[法案]適用于在本[法案]生效日期之前發(fā)行或發(fā)生的 權(quán)利證書或寄托，并且，從該權(quán)利證書或寄托產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利、義務(wù)、及權(quán)益受任何法令或本[法案] 修正或廢除的其他規(guī)則調(diào)整，就像修正或廢除沒有發(fā)生，并可以被終止、完成(completed)、完善(consummated)、或執(zhí)行根據(jù)該法令或其 他規(guī)則。

　　U.C.C. - ARTICLE 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES投資證券

　　PART 1. SHORT TITLE AND GENERAL MATTERS [Table of Contents] 簡稱和一遍標(biāo)的

　　§ 8-101. SHORT TITLE. 簡稱

　　This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial CodeInvestment Securities.

　　本篇可以被引用為《統(tǒng)一商法典》--投資證券.

　　§ 8-102. DEFINITIONS. 定義

　　(a) In this Article: 本篇中：

　　(1) "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial asset.

　　(2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms but not by reason of an indorsement.

　　(3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.

　　(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.

　　(5) "Clearing corporation" means:

　　(i) a person that is registered as a "clearing agency" under the federal securities laws;

　　(ii) a federal reserve bank; or

　　(iii) any other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets that would require it to register as a clearing agency under the federal securities laws but for an exclusion or exemption from the registration requirement, if its activities as a clearing corporation, including promulgation of rules, are subject to regulation by a federal or state governmental authority.

　　((1) "不利主張" 指一項(xiàng)主張，權(quán)利人在融資財(cái)產(chǎn)中享有一項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益，并且，其他人持有、轉(zhuǎn)讓、或處理該融資財(cái)產(chǎn)是對該權(quán)利人的權(quán)利之違反。

　　(2) "持票人表格" 適用于證書證券時(shí)，指一張表格，根據(jù)其條款，但非由于背書，該證券應(yīng)向證券證書持票人支付。

　　(3) "經(jīng)紀(jì)人" 指在聯(lián)邦證券法下定義為經(jīng)紀(jì)人或經(jīng)銷商的人，但不排除行使該能力的銀行。

　　(4) "證書證券" 指通過證書提示的證券。

　　(5) "代理商品交易公司"指：

　　(i) 根據(jù)聯(lián)邦證券法律注冊為"票據(jù)交換所"的人;

　　(ii) 一個聯(lián)邦儲備銀行;或

　　(iii) 除了注冊要求的一個排除或免除之外，根據(jù)聯(lián)邦證券法律將會要求其登記為票據(jù)交換所，關(guān)于融資資產(chǎn)，提供清算或結(jié)算服務(wù)的任何其他人，若其從事代理商品交易公司行為，包括規(guī)則的頒布，受由聯(lián)邦或州政府授權(quán)的規(guī)章的影響。

　　6) "Communicate" means to:

　　(i) send a signed writing; or

　　(ii) transmit information by any mechanism agreed upon by the persons transmitting and receiving the information.

　　(7) "Entitlement holder" means a person identified in the records of a securities intermediary as the person having a security entitlement against the securities intermediary. If a person acquires a security entitlement by virtue of Section 8-501(b)(2) or (3), that person is the entitlement holder.

　　(8) "Entitlement order" means a notification communicated to a securities intermediary directing transfer or redemption of a financial asset to which the entitlement holder has a security entitlement.

　　(9) "Financial asset," except as otherwise provided in Section 8-103, means:

　　(i) a security;

　　(ii) an obligation of a person or a share, participation, or other interest in a person or in property or an enterprise of a person, which is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on financial markets, or which is recognized in any area in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment; or

　　(iii) any property that is held by a securities intermediary for another person in a securities account if the securities intermediary has expressly agreed with the other person that the property is to be treated as a financial asset under this Article.

　　As context requires, the term means either the interest itself or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a certificated or uncertificated security, a security certificate, or a security entitlement.

　　(6) "通訊" 指：

　　(i) 發(fā)送一份簽署的書面文件;或

　　(ii) 通過傳輸和接受該信息的人協(xié)商的任何機(jī)械傳輸信息。

　　(7) "權(quán)利持有人" 指在證券中介的記錄中確定的，對于證券中介享有證券權(quán)利的人。若一個人依據(jù)§ 8-501(b)(2) 或(3)獲得證券權(quán)利，此人是權(quán)利持有人。

　　(8) "權(quán)利指令" 指傳達(dá)給證券中介的指示權(quán)利持有人享有擔(dān)保權(quán)利的融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)讓或償還的通知。

　　(9) 除非§ 8-103另有規(guī)定，"融資財(cái)產(chǎn)"指：

　　(i) 證券;

　　(ii) 個人、共有、參與的債務(wù)，或在個人、財(cái)產(chǎn)中的其他權(quán)益，或者個人企業(yè)，在金融市場交易或貿(mào)易的類型，或者其在其作為投資媒介被發(fā)行或交易的任何地區(qū)被承認(rèn);或

　　(iii) 證券中介為其他人在證券帳戶中持有的任何財(cái)產(chǎn)，若該證券中介已經(jīng)明示同意其他人該財(cái)產(chǎn)被視為在本篇下的融資財(cái)產(chǎn)。

　　根據(jù)上下文要求，該術(shù)語指或者權(quán)益本身或者通過其指一個人對于其的主張被證明， 包括證書證券或非證書證券、證券證書或證券權(quán)利。

　　(10) [reserved]

　　(11) "Indorsement" means a signature that alone or accompanied by other words is made on a security certificate in registered form or on a separate document for the purpose of assigning, transferring, or redeeming the security or granting a power to assign, transfer, or redeem it.

　　(12) "Instruction" means a notification communicated to the issuer of an uncertificated security which directs that the transfer of the security be registered or that the security be redeemed.

　　(13) "Registered form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which:

　　(i) the security certificate specifies a person entitled to the security; and

　　(ii) a transfer of the security may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer, or the security certificate so states.

　　(14) "Securities intermediary" means:

　　(i) a clearing corporation; or

　　(ii) a person, including a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business maintains securities accounts for others and is acting in that capacity.

　　(11) "背書" 指單獨(dú)或伴有其他詞語的簽名，其以記名形式做出在證券證書上，或在一份單獨(dú)的單據(jù)上，為轉(zhuǎn)讓、轉(zhuǎn)移或補(bǔ)償該證券或給予轉(zhuǎn)讓、轉(zhuǎn)移或補(bǔ)償?shù)臋?quán)力的目的。

　　(12) "指示" 指傳達(dá)給非證書證券的發(fā)行人的通知，指示該證券的轉(zhuǎn)讓被登記或該證券被補(bǔ)償。

　　(13) "記名形式," 適用于證書證券，指一張表格，在其中：

　　(i) 證券證書指定對該證券享有權(quán)利的一個人;及

　　(ii) 該證券的轉(zhuǎn)讓可以被登記在為該目的維持或代表發(fā)行人維持的登記簿上，或證券證書如此規(guī)定。

　　(14) "證券中介"指：

　　(i) 代理商品交易公司;或

　　(ii) 一個人，包括銀行或經(jīng)紀(jì)人，在其商務(wù)的通常過程中維持證券帳戶為其他人并在該地位上行事。

　　(15) "Security," except as otherwise provided in Section 8-103, means an obligation of an issuer or a share, participation, or other interest in an issuer or in property or an enterprise of an issuer:

　　(i) which is represented by a security certificate in bearer or registered form, or the transfer of which may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer;

　　(ii) which is one of a class or series or by its terms is divisible into a class or series of shares, participations, interests, or obligations; and

　　(iii) which:

　　(A) is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or securities markets; or

　　(B) is a medium for investment and by its terms expressly provides that it is a security governed by this Article.

　　(16) "Security certificate" means a certificate representing a security.

　　(17) "Security entitlement" means the rights and property interest of an entitlement holder with respect to a financial asset specified in Part 5.

　　(18) "Uncertificated security" means a security that is not represented by a certificate.

　　(b) Other definitions applying to this Article and the sections in which they appear are:

　　(15) 除非§ 8-103另有規(guī)定，"證券"指發(fā)行人的債務(wù)，或在發(fā)行人或在財(cái)產(chǎn)中或在發(fā)行人的企業(yè)中的共有、參與或其他權(quán)益;

　　(i) 其通過持票人的證券證書或記名形式提示，或其轉(zhuǎn)讓可以被登記在為該目的維持或代表發(fā)行人維持的登記簿上;

　　(ii) 其為一類或系列之一，或者，根據(jù)其條款可分為共有、參與、權(quán)益或債務(wù)的一類或一系列;及

　　(iii) 其：

　　(a) 在證券交易或者證券市場中交易或貿(mào)易;或

　　(b) 是投資媒介，并且，按照其條款明確規(guī)定其為受本篇調(diào)整的證券。

　　(16) "證券證書" 指提示證券的證明書。

　　(17) "證券權(quán)利" 指關(guān)于第5章規(guī)定的融資財(cái)產(chǎn)，權(quán)利持有人的權(quán)利和財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益。

　　(18) "非證書證券" 指非通過證書提示的證券。

　　(b) 其他篇適用于本篇和本條的定義為：

　　(c) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.

　　(d) The characterization of a person, business, or transaction for purposes of this Article does not determine the characterization of the person, business, or transaction for purposes of any other law, regulation, or rule.

　　(c) 此外，第1篇包含的一般定義和解釋原則和解釋適用于本篇。

　　(d) 為本篇之目的的個人、企業(yè)或交易的描述不決定為任何其他法律、規(guī)章或規(guī)則的目的之個人、企業(yè)或交易的描述。

　　§ 8-103. RULES FOR DETERMINING WHETHER CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS AND INTERESTS ARE SECURITIES OR FINANCIAL ASSETS.

　　決定一定債務(wù)和權(quán)益是有價(jià)證券還是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的規(guī)則.

　　(a) A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, joint stock company, or similar entity is a security.

　　(b) An "investment company security" is a security. "Investment company security" means a share or similar equity interest issued by an entity that is registered as an investment company under the federal investment company laws, an interest in a unit investment trust that is so registered, or a face-amount certificate issued by a face-amount certificate company that is so registered. Investment company security does not include an insurance policy or endowment policy or annuity contract issued by an insurance company.

　　(c) An interest in a partnership or limited liability company is not a security unless it is dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or in securities markets, its terms expressly provide that it is a security governed by this Article, or it is an investment company security. However, an interest in a partnership or limited liability company is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.

　　(d) A writing that is a security certificate is governed by this Article and not by Article 3, even though it also meets the requirements of that Article. However, a negotiable instrument governed by Article 3 is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.

　　(e) An option or similar obligation issued by a clearing corporation to its participants is not a security, but is a financial asset.

　　(f) A commodity contract, as defined in Section 9-102(a)(15), is not a security or a financial asset.

　　(g) A document of title is not a financial asset unless Section 8-102(a)(9)(iii) applies.

　　(a) 法人、企業(yè)經(jīng)營信托、股份公司或類似實(shí)體發(fā)行的股份或類似的平衡法權(quán)益是證券。

　　(b) " 投資公司證券" 是有價(jià)證券。 "投資公司證券" 指一個共有或類似的平衡法權(quán)益，即在聯(lián)邦投資公司法律下，登記作為投資公司的實(shí)體發(fā)行的權(quán)益，或者如此登記的聯(lián)合投資信托中的權(quán)益，或者如此登記的面值證 書公司發(fā)行的面值證書。投資公司證券不包括保險(xiǎn)公式簽發(fā)的保險(xiǎn)單或人壽保險(xiǎn)單或年金保險(xiǎn)合同。

　　(c) 合伙企業(yè)或有限責(zé)任公司中的權(quán)益不是一項(xiàng)擔(dān)保除非其被處理或貿(mào)易在證券交易中或在證券市場中，其條款明確規(guī)定其為本篇調(diào)整的證券，或其為投資公司證券。但是，合伙企業(yè)或有限責(zé)任公司中的權(quán)益是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)，若其被在證券帳戶中持有。

　　(d) 作為證券證書的書面文件由本篇調(diào)整，不由第3篇調(diào)整，即使其也符合該篇的要求。但是，第3篇調(diào)整的流通票據(jù)是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)，若其被在證券帳戶中持有。

　　(e) 代理商品交易公司對其參與者發(fā)行的期權(quán)或類似的債務(wù)不是證券，而是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)。

　　(f) 作為在§ 9-102(a)(15)中定義的商品期貨合約不是證券或者融資財(cái)產(chǎn)。

　　(g) 產(chǎn)權(quán)憑證不是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)，除非§ 8-102(a)(9)(iii)適用。

　　§ 8-104. ACQUISITION OF SECURITY OR FINANCIAL ASSET OR INTEREST THEREIN. 獲得證券或融資財(cái)產(chǎn)或其中的權(quán)益.

　　(a) A person acquires a security or an interest therein, under this Article, if:

　　(1) the person is a purchaser to whom a security is delivered pursuant to Section 8-301; or

　　(2) the person acquires a security entitlement to the security pursuant to Section 8-501.

　　(b) A person acquires a financial asset, other than a security, or an interest therein, under this Article, if the person acquires a security entitlement to the financial asset.

　　(c) A person who acquires a security entitlement to a security or other financial asset has the rights specified in Part 5, but is a purchaser of any security, security entitlement, or other financial asset held by the securities intermediary only to the extent provided in Section 8-503.

　　(d) Unless the context shows that a different meaning is intended, a person who is required by other law, regulation, rule, or agreement to transfer, deliver, present, surrender, exchange, or otherwise put in the possession of another person a security or financial asset satisfies that requirement by causing the other person to acquire an interest in the security or financial asset pursuant to subsection (a) or (b).

　　(a) 一個人獲得證券或其中的權(quán)益，在本篇下，若：

　　(1) 證券依照§ 8-301交付給的人是購買人;或

　　(2) 此人獲得依照§ 8-501對證券的證券權(quán)利。

　　(b) 一個獲得融資財(cái)產(chǎn)，除證券之外，或者其中的權(quán)益在本篇下，若此人獲得對融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的證券權(quán)利。

　　(c) 獲得對證券或其他融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的證券權(quán)利的人享有第5章指定的權(quán)利，但是，僅限于§ 8-503規(guī)定的范圍，是證券中介所持有的任何證券、證券權(quán)利、或其他融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的購買人。

　　(d) 除非上下文顯示為不同的含義，一個人按照其他法令、規(guī)章、規(guī)則、或轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議、交付、提示、提交、交換或其他方式要求使其他人占用證券或或融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的，符合促使其他人依照(a)或(b)款獲得在證券或融資財(cái)產(chǎn)中的權(quán)益的要求。

　　§ 8-105. NOTICE OF ADVERSE CLAIM. 不利主張的調(diào)整

　　(a) A person has notice of an adverse claim if:

　　(1) the person knows of the adverse claim;

　　(2) the person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the existence of the adverse claim; or

　　(3) the person has a duty, imposed by statute or regulation, to investigate whether an adverse claim exists, and the investigation so required would establish the existence of the adverse claim.

　　(b) Having knowledge that a financial asset or interest therein is or has been transferred by a representative imposes no duty of inquiry into the rightfulness of a transaction and is not notice of an adverse claim. However, a person who knows that a representative has transferred a financial asset or interest therein in a transaction that is, or whose proceeds are being used, for the individual benefit of the representative or otherwise in breach of duty has notice of an adverse claim.

　　(a) 一個人得到不利主張的通知，若：

　　(1) 此人知道該不利主張;

　　(2) 此人知道足以顯示不利主張存在有重大的可能性事實(shí)和故意避免將會證明不利主張存在的信息;或

　　(3) 此人負(fù)有法令或條例賦予的義務(wù)，調(diào)查不利主張是否存在，并且如此要求的調(diào)查將證明不利主張的存在。

　　(b) 知道一個代表轉(zhuǎn)讓或已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)讓融資財(cái)產(chǎn)或其中的權(quán)益的，不施加對交易正當(dāng)性的調(diào)查義務(wù)，并且不是不利主張的通知。但是，一個人知道一個代表已經(jīng)在一個交易中轉(zhuǎn)讓融資財(cái)產(chǎn)或其中的權(quán)益的，或?yàn)樵摯淼膫€人利益或以違反義務(wù)的其他方式，其收益正被使用的，得到不利主張的通知。

　　(c) An act or event that creates a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a security certificate or sets a date on or after which the certificate is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange does not itself constitute notice of an adverse claim except in the case of a transfer more than:

　　(1) one year after a date set for presentment or surrender for redemption or exchange; or

　　(2) six months after a date set for payment of money against presentation or surrender of the certificate, if money was available for payment on that date.

　　(d) A purchaser of a certificated security has notice of an adverse claim if the security certificate:

　　(1) whether in bearer or registered form, has been indorsed "for collection" or "for surrender" or for some other purpose not involving transfer; or

　　(2) is in bearer form and has on it an unambiguous statement that it is the property of a person other than the transferor, but the mere writing of a name on the certificate is not such a statement.

　　(e) Filing of a financing statement under Article 9 is not notice of an adverse claim to a financial asset.

　　(c) 一項(xiàng)行為或事件，創(chuàng)設(shè)對證券證書所提示的主債務(wù)的立即履行的權(quán)利的，或者，設(shè)定一個日期，在該日期或在該日期之后，該證書將為贖回或兌換而提示或提交的，本身不構(gòu)成不利主張的通知，除非在下述情形，一個轉(zhuǎn)讓超過：

　　(1) 為贖回或兌換而提示或提交而設(shè)定的日期之后一年;或

　　(2) 為對該證書的代表或提交人的金錢付款而設(shè)定的日期之后6個月，若在該日期可獲得金錢。

　　(d) 證書證券購買人得到不利主張的通知，若該證券證書：

　　(1) 無論是不記名形式還是記名形式，已經(jīng)背書為收款或?yàn)樘峤换蛘邽椴话ㄞD(zhuǎn)讓的一些其他目的;或

　　(2) 是不記名形式，并且，在其上有一個明確的申明，其為除轉(zhuǎn)讓人之外的人的財(cái)產(chǎn)，但僅記載一個名字在該證書上的，不是這樣的申明書。

　　(e) 第9篇下的融資申明書的登記不是融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的不利主張的通知。

　　§ 8-106. CONTROL. 控制

　　(a) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser.

　　(b) A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and:

　　(1) the certificate is indorsed to the purchaser or in blank by an effective indorsement; or

　　(2) the certificate is registered in the name of the purchaser, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the issuer.

　　(a) 購買人"控制"不記名證書證券，若證書證券被交付給購買人。

　　(b) 購買人"控制"記名形式的證書證券若證書證券被交付給購買人，及：

　　(1) 該證書被背書給購買人或以有效的空白背書;或

　　(2) 該證書以購買人的名義登記，在發(fā)行人最初發(fā)行時(shí)或轉(zhuǎn)讓登記時(shí)。

　　(c) A purchaser has "control" of an uncertificated security if:

　　(1) the uncertificated security is delivered to the purchaser; or

　　(2) the issuer has agreed that it will comply with instructions originated by the purchaser without further consent by the registered owner.

　　(d) A purchaser has "control" of a security entitlement if:

　　(1) the purchaser becomes the entitlement holder; or

　　(2) the securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders originated by the purchaser without further consent by the entitlement holder, or

　　(3) another person has control of the security entitlement on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired control of the security entitlement, acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser.

　　(c) 購買人"控制" 非證書證券，若：

　　(1) 非證書證券被交付給購買人;或

　　(2) 發(fā)行人已經(jīng)同意其將遵從購買人無需登記的所有人的更進(jìn)一步的同意，而發(fā)出的指示。

　　(d) 購買人"控制" 證券權(quán)利，若：

　　(1) 購買人成為權(quán)利持有人;或

　　(2) 證券中介已經(jīng)同意其將遵從購買人無需權(quán)利持有人的更進(jìn)一步的同意，而發(fā)出的權(quán)益指令，或

　　(3) 其他人代表購買人控制證券權(quán)利，以前已經(jīng)獲得控制證券權(quán)利，承認(rèn)其代表購買人具有控制。

　　(e) If an interest in a security entitlement is granted by the entitlement holder to the entitlement holder's own securities intermediary, the securities intermediary has control.

　　(f) A purchaser who has satisfied the requirements of subsection (c) or (d) has control even if the registered owner in the case of subsection (c) or the entitlement holder in the case of subsection (d) retains the right to make substitutions for the uncertificated security or security entitlement, to originate instructions or entitlement orders to the issuer or securities intermediary, or otherwise to deal with the uncertificated security or security entitlement.

　　(g) An issuer or a securities intermediary may not enter into an agreement of the kind described in subsection (c)(2) or (d)(2) without the consent of the registered owner or entitlement holder, but an issuer or a securities intermediary is not required to enter into such an agreement even though the registered owner or entitlement holder so directs. An issuer or securities intermediary that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another party unless requested to do so by the registered owner or entitlement holder.

　　(e) 若權(quán)利持有人將證券權(quán)利中的權(quán)益賦予權(quán)利持有人自己的證券中介，該證券中介具有控制。

　　(f) 購買人滿足(c)或(d)款的條件的，具有控制，即使在(c)款情形的登記的所有人或在(d)款情形的權(quán)利持有人保留為為非證書證券或證券權(quán)利作出替代的權(quán)利，發(fā)出指示或權(quán)益指令給該發(fā)行人或證券中介，或以其他方式處理該非證書證券或證券權(quán)利。

　　(g) 不經(jīng)過登記的所有人或權(quán)利持有人的同意，發(fā)行人或證券中介不得訂立(c)(2)或(d)(2)規(guī)定的那種協(xié)議，但是發(fā)行人或證券中介不被要求去訂立這樣一份協(xié)議，即使登記的所有人或權(quán)利持有人如此指示。已經(jīng)訂立這樣一份協(xié)議的發(fā)行人或證券中介不被要求向其他當(dāng)事人確認(rèn)該協(xié)議的存在，除非被登記的所有人或權(quán)利持有人要求如此做。

　　§ 8-107. WHETHER INDORSEMENT, INSTRUCTION, OR ENTITLEMENT ORDER IS EFFECTIVE. 背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令是否有效.

　　(a) "Appropriate person" means:

　　(1) with respect to an indorsement, the person specified by a security certificate or by an effective special indorsement to be entitled to the security;

　　(2) with respect to an instruction, the registered owner of an uncertificated security;

　　(3) with respect to an entitlement order, the entitlement holder;

　　(4) if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) is deceased, the designated person's s統(tǒng)一商法典essor taking under other law or the designated person's personal representative acting for the estate of the decedent; or

　　(5) if the person designated in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) lacks capacity, the designated person's guardian, conservator, or other similar representative who has power under other law to transfer the security or financial asset.

　　(a) "適當(dāng)?shù)娜?quot;指：

　　(1) 關(guān)于背書，證券證書或有效的特別背書指定的人對該證券享有權(quán)利;

　　(2) 關(guān)于指示，非證書證券的登記的所有人;

　　(3) 關(guān)于權(quán)益指令，權(quán)利持有人;

　　(4) 若(1)、(2)、或(3)段指定的人死亡，該指定的人在其他法律下的繼承人，或者該指定的人的代理死者不動產(chǎn)的個人代表;或

　　(5) 若(1)、(2)、或(3)段指定的人無行為能力，該指定的人的監(jiān)護(hù)人、保護(hù)人、或根據(jù)其他法律有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓該證券或融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的其他類似代表。

　　(b) An indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is effective if:

　　(1) it is made by the appropriate person;

　　(2) it is made by a person who has power under the law of agency to transfer the security or financial asset on behalf of the appropriate person, including, in the case of an instruction or entitlement order, a person who has control under Section 8-106(c)(2) or (d)(2); or

　　(3) the appropriate person has ratified it or is otherwise precluded from asserting its ineffectiveness.

　　(c) An indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order made by a representative is effective even if:

　　(1) the representative has failed to comply with a controlling instrument or with the law of the State having jurisdiction of the representative relationship, including any law requiring the representative to obtain court approval of the transaction; or

　　(2) the representative's action in making the indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order or u, sing the proceeds of the transaction is otherwise a breach of duty.

　　(b) 背書、指示或權(quán)益指令有效，若：

　　(1) 由適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鞒?

　　(2) 由根據(jù)代理法，有權(quán)代表該適當(dāng)?shù)娜说睦孓D(zhuǎn)讓該證券或融資財(cái)產(chǎn)的人作出，包括在指示或權(quán)益指令情形，在§ 8-106(c)(2)或(d)(2)下具有控制的人;或

　　(3) 適當(dāng)?shù)娜艘呀?jīng)認(rèn)可，或以其他方式阻止主張其無效性。

　　(c) 代表作出的背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令有效，即使：

　　(1) 該代表未能遵從控制票據(jù)(controlling instrument)或遵從具有該代表關(guān)系管轄權(quán)的州法，包括要求該代表獲得法院的交易許可的任何法律;或

　　(2) 該代表作出該背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令的行為，或使用該交易的收益的行為是以其他方式違反義務(wù)。

　　(d) If a security is registered in the name of or specially indorsed to a person described as a representative, or if a securities account is maintained in the name of a person described as a representative, an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order made by the person is effective even though the person is no longer serving in the described capacity.

　　(e) Effectiveness of an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is determined as of the date the indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order is made, and an indorsement, instruction, or entitlement order does not become ineffective by reason of any later change of circumstances.

　　§ 8-108. WARRANTIES IN DIRECT HOLDING. 直接持有中的擔(dān)保.

　　(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser, and an indorser, if the transfer is by indorsement, warrants to any subsequent purchaser, that:

　　(1) the certificate is genuine and has not been materially altered;

　　(2) the transferor or indorser does not know of any fact that might impair the validity of the security;

　　(3) there is no adverse claim to the security;

　　(4) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer;

　　(5) if the transfer is by indorsement, the indorsement is made by an appropriate person, or if the indorsement is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and

　　(6) the transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.

　　(d) 若一張證券以規(guī)定為代理人的人的名義登記，或者被特別背書給此人，或者，若證券帳戶以規(guī)定為代理人的人的名義維持，此人作出的背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令有效，即使此人不再在規(guī)定的能力內(nèi)。

　　(e) 背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令的效力在背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令作出之日決定，并且，背書、指示、或權(quán)益指令不因此后情形的改變而變?yōu)闊o效。

　　(a) 轉(zhuǎn)讓證書證券給有償購買人的人，向購買人和背書人擔(dān)保，若通過背書轉(zhuǎn)讓，向任何后來的購買人擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 該證書真實(shí)并未被實(shí)質(zhì)涂改;

　　(2) 出讓人或背書人不知道可能削弱該正確的有效性的任何事實(shí);

　　(3) 沒有對該證券的不利主張;

　　(4) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓不違反對轉(zhuǎn)讓的任何限制;

　　(5) 若通過背書轉(zhuǎn)讓，該背書由適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鞒?，或者若背書由代理人作出，該代理人具有代理適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鳛榈膶?shí)際授權(quán);以及

　　(6) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓其他方面有效并合法。

　　(b) A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchaser that:

　　(1) the instruction is made by an appropriate person, or if the instruction is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;

　　(2) the security is valid;

　　(3) there is no adverse claim to the security; and

　　(4) at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:

　　(i) the purchaser will be entitled to the registration of transfer;

　　(ii) the transfer will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction;

　　(iii) the transfer will not violate any restriction on transfer; and

　　(iv) the requested transfer will otherwise be effective and rightful.

　　(b) 發(fā)出為非證書證券對有償購買人的轉(zhuǎn)讓登記的指示的，向購買人擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 該指示由適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鞒觯蛉粼撝甘居纱砣俗鞒?，該代理人具有代理適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鳛榈膶?shí)際授權(quán);

　　(2) 該證券有效;

　　(3) 沒有對該證券的不利主張;并且

　　(4) 在指示被提示給發(fā)行人時(shí)：

　　(i) 購買人將對轉(zhuǎn)讓登記享有資格;

　　(ii) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓將由發(fā)行人登記并且不受所有留置權(quán)、擔(dān)保權(quán)益、限制 和除在該指示中指定之外的主張約束;

　　(iii) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓不會違反對轉(zhuǎn)讓的任何限制;并且

　　(iv) 該被要求的轉(zhuǎn)讓在其他方面將有效并合法。

　　(c) A person who transfers an uncertificated security to a purchaser for value and does not originate an instruction in connection with the transfer warrants that:

　　(1) the uncertificated security is valid;

　　(2) there is no adverse claim to the security;

　　(3) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer; and

　　(4) the transfer is otherwise effective and rightful.

　　(d) A person who indorses a security certificate warrants to the issuer that:

　　(1) there is no adverse claim to the security; and

　　(2) the indorsement is effective.

　　(e) A person who originates an instruction for registration of transfer of an uncertificated security warrants to the issuer that:

　　(1) the instruction is effective; and

　　(2) at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer the purchaser will be entitled to the registration of transfer.

　　(c) 轉(zhuǎn)讓非證書證券給有償購買人，不發(fā)出與該轉(zhuǎn)讓有關(guān)的指示的，擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 非證書證券有效;

　　(2) 沒有對該證券的不利主張;

　　(3) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓不會違反對轉(zhuǎn)讓的任何限制;并且

　　(4) 該轉(zhuǎn)讓在其他方面有效并合法。

　　(d) 背書證券證書的人向發(fā)行人擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 沒有對該證券的不利主張;及

　　(2) 該背書有效。

　　(e) 發(fā)出為非證書證券的轉(zhuǎn)讓登記的指示的，向發(fā)行人擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 該指示有效;并且

　　(2) 在指示被提示給發(fā)行人時(shí)，購買人對轉(zhuǎn)讓登記具有資格。

　　(f) A person who presents a certificated security for registration of transfer or for payment or exchange warrants to the issuer that the person is entitled to the registration, payment, or exchange, but a purchaser for value and without notice of adverse claims to whom transfer is registered warrants only that the person has no knowledge of any unauthorized signature in a necessary indorsement.

　　(g) If a person acts as agent of another in delivering a certificated security to a purchaser, the identity of the principal was known to the person to whom the certificate was delivered, and the certificate delivered by the agent was received by the agent from the principal or received by the agent from another person at the direction of the principal, the person delivering the security certificate warrants only that the delivering person has authority to act for the principal and does not know of any adverse claim to the certificated security.

　　(f) 為轉(zhuǎn)讓登記或?yàn)楦犊罨騼稉Q而提示證書證券的，向發(fā)行人擔(dān)保此人對登記、付款、或兌換享有權(quán)利，但是，有償購買人未得到不利主張通知，并且得到轉(zhuǎn)讓登記的，僅擔(dān)保此人不知道在必要的背書中的任何未授權(quán)的簽名。

　　(g) 若一個人但當(dāng)其他人的代理人，交付證書證券給購買人，該證書交付的相對人知道本人的身份，并且代理人交付的該證書由代理人從本人處收到，或者，由代理人根據(jù)本人的指示從其他人處收到，交付該證券證書的人僅擔(dān)保交付人具有代理本人的授權(quán)，并且不知道對證書證券的任何不利主張。

　　(h) A secured party who redelivers a security certificate received, or after payment and on order of the debtor delivers the security certificate to another person, makes only the warranties of an agent under subsection (g).

　　(i) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a broker acting for a customer makes to the issuer and a purchaser the warranties provided in subsections (a) through (f). A broker that delivers a security certificate to its customer, or causes its customer to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, makes to the customer the warranties provided in subsection (a) or (b), and has the rights and privileges of a purchaser under this section. The warranties of and in favor of the broker acting as an agent are in addition to applicable warranties given by and in favor of the customer.

　　(h) 擔(dān)保權(quán)人收到證券證書后再交付，或在付款后并根據(jù)債務(wù)人的指令交付該證券證書給其他人的，僅作出在(g)款下的代理人的擔(dān)保。

　　(i) 除非(g)款另有規(guī)定，代理消費(fèi)者的經(jīng)紀(jì)人對發(fā)行人和購買人作出(a)到(f)款的擔(dān)保。經(jīng)紀(jì)人交付證券證書給其消費(fèi)者，或促成其消費(fèi)者登記為非證書證券所有者的，向消費(fèi)者作出(a)或(b)款規(guī)定的擔(dān)保，并具有購買人在本條下的權(quán)利和特權(quán)。但當(dāng)代理人的經(jīng)紀(jì)人的擔(dān)?；蛴欣谄涞膿?dān)保，是消費(fèi)者給予的可適用的擔(dān)?；蛴欣谙M(fèi)者的可適用的擔(dān)保之外的擔(dān)保。

　　§ 8-109. WARRANTIES IN INDIRECT HOLDING. 間接持有中擔(dān)保.

　　(a) A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that:

　　(1) the entitlement order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and

　　(2) there is no adverse claim to the security entitlement.

　　(b) A person who delivers a security certificate to a securities intermediary for credit to a securities account or originates an instruction with respect to an uncertificated security directing that the uncertificated security be credited to a securities account makes to the securities intermediary the warranties specified in Section 8-108(a) or (b).

　　(c) If a securities intermediary delivers a security certificate to its entitlement holder or causes its entitlement holder to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, the securities intermediary makes to the entitlement holder the warranties specified in Section 8-108(a) or (b).

　　(a) 發(fā)出權(quán)益指令給證券中介的，向證券中介擔(dān)保：

　　(1) 該權(quán)益指令由適當(dāng)?shù)娜俗鞒?，或者若?quán)益指令由代理人作出，該代理人具有代理適當(dāng)?shù)娜说膶?shí)際授權(quán);及

　　(2) 沒有對該證券的不利主張。

　　(b) 為對證券帳戶記入貸方而交付證券證書給證券中介或發(fā)出關(guān)于非證書證券的指示，指示該非證書證券應(yīng)對證券帳戶記入貸方的，向該證券中介作出§ 8-108(a)或(b)規(guī)定的擔(dān)保。

　　(c) 若證券中介交付證券證書給其權(quán)利持有人或促使其權(quán)利持有人登記為非證書證券的所有者的，證券中介向權(quán)利持有人作出§ 8-108(a)或(b)規(guī)定的擔(dān)保。